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{{Short description|Duke of Lorraine from 1473 to 1508}}
{{Infobox royalty {{Infobox royalty
| name = René II | name = René II
| title = ] | title =
| image = Effigie René II de Lorraine.jpg | image = Portrait equestre Rene II-Enluminure Nancéide.jpg
| caption = René at the ], as depicted in ''La Nancéide'', 1518<ref>{{Cite web |title=La Nancéide |url=https://musee-lorrain.nancy.fr/les-collections/les-oeuvres-majeures/oeuvre-majeure/la-nanceide-1 |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=musee-lorrain.nancy.fr |language=fr-FR}}</ref>
| caption =
| house = ] | succession = ]
| reign = 24 July 1473 – 10 December 1508
⚫ | father = ]
| mother = ] | predecessor = ]
| spouse = ] | successor = ]
| succession1 = ]
⚫ | birth_date = 2 May 1451
| reign1 = 23 March 1483 – 10 December 1508
| predecessor1 = ]
| successor1 = ]
| succession2 = ]
| reign2 = 31 August 1470 – 10 December 1508
| predecessor2 = ]
<!-- | predecessor2 = ] -->
| successor2 = ]
| house = ]
⚫ | father = ]
| mother = ]
| spouse = {{marriage|]|1485}}
| issue = {{Plainlist|
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
}}
⚫ | birth_date = 2 May 1451
| birth_place = ] | birth_place = ]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1508|12|10|1451|5|2|df=yes}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1508|12|10|1451|5|2|df=yes}}
| death_place = ] | death_place = ]
}} }}
'''René II''' (2 May 1451 &ndash; 10 December 1508) was ] from 1470, ] from 1473,{{sfn|Carroll|1998|p=14-15}} and ] from 1483 to 1508. He claimed the crown of the ] and the County of ] as the ] 1480&ndash;1493 and as ] and ] 1493&ndash;1508. He succeeded his uncle ] as ] in 1473, exchanging it for the county of ] in 1495. He succeeded as ] in 1504. '''René II''' (2 May 1451 &ndash; 10 December 1508) was ] from 1470, ] from 1473,{{sfn|Carroll|1998|pp=14–15}} and ] from 1483 to 1508. He claimed the crown of the ] and the ] as the ] 1480&ndash;1493 and as ] and ] 1493&ndash;1508. He succeeded his uncle ] as ] in 1473, exchanging it for the county of ] in 1495. He succeeded as ] in 1504.


==Life== ==Life==
⚫ René was born in ], the son of ] and ].{{sfn|Carroll|2011|p=310}} He spent his youth in the court of his grandfather ] between Angers and ]. René succeeded his father in Vaudémont in 1470 and, three years later, his uncle as captain of Angers, ] and governor of Anjou. That same year he became Duke of Lorraine, which was at the time under the pressure of both ] and ] of Burgundy, with whom he initially allied. When the latter began to establish garrisons in Lorraine, however, René secretly allied with Louis (1474).
{{more citations needed|section|date=November 2017}}
He was born in ], the son of ] and ].{{sfn|Carroll|2011|p=310}}

⚫ René spent his youth in the court of his grandfather ] between Angers and ], succeeding to his father in Vaudémont in 1470 and, three years later, to his uncle as captain of Angers, ] and governor of Anjou. In the same year he became Duke of Lorraine, which was at the time under the pressure of both ] and ] of Burgundy, with whom he initially allied. When the latter began to establish garrisons in Lorraine, however, René secretly allied with Louis (1474).


Charles invaded the duchy and René was forced to quit ] (30 November 1475). He regained the city on 5 October the following year and moved to Switzerland to hire an army of ]. With this force René defeated and killed Charles at the ] (5 January 1477), ending the ].{{sfn|Carroll|1998|p=15}} In 1476, upon the death of his grandmother, he became sole ] and ]. Charles invaded the duchy and René was forced to quit ] (30 November 1475). He regained the city on 5 October the following year and moved to Switzerland to hire an army of ]. With this force René defeated and killed Charles at the ] (5 January 1477), ending the ].{{sfn|Carroll|1998|p=15}} In 1476, upon the death of his grandmother, he became sole ] and ].


Later, René got to bad terms with Louis, who had taken most of his heritage. In June 1478, as compensation for the royal seizure of Anjou and Provence, Louis XI reaffirmed his rights to the formerly Burgundian possessions of the Duchy of Luxembourg and the County of Burgundy, and then transferred those rights to René and all of his descendants.{{sfn|de Laurière|1828|pp=406-406}} The alliance with Louis would not last, as Louis moved to acquire René's lands. In June 1478, as compensation for the royal seizure of Anjou and Provence, Louis XI reaffirmed his rights to the formerly Burgundian possessions of the Duchy of Luxembourg and the County of Burgundy, and then transferred those rights to René and all of his descendants.


The transfer of the County of Burgundy to France in 1482 with the ] made realization of these rights possible,{{sfn|Gillespie|2017|p=29}} but the County was returned to the Habsburgs in 1493 with the ] and René would not exercise control over the County again. Likewise, any authority over Luxembourg was merely theoretical outside of the seizure of Virton, as the Duchy remained in possession of the Habsburgs throughout René's lifetime. The transfer of the County of Burgundy to France in 1482 with the ] made realization of these rights possible,{{sfn|Gillespie|2017|p=29}} but the County was returned to the Habsburgs in 1493 with the ] and René would not exercise control over the County again. Likewise, any authority over Luxembourg was merely theoretical outside of the seizure of Virton,{{sfn|Monter|2007|p=24}} as the Duchy remained in possession of the Habsburgs throughout René's lifetime.


In 1480 René succeeded his grandfather as ] while his mother was still living. In 1482 he conquered the ''prévôté'' of ], a part of the ], and annexed it to Bar. In 1484 ], regent for the young King ], formally installed him in the Duchy of Bar.{{sfn|Monter|2007|pp=23–24}} In 1480 René succeeded his grandfather as ] while his mother was still living. In 1482 he conquered the ''prévôté'' of ], a part of the ], and annexed it to Bar. In 1484 ], regent for the young King ], formally installed him in the Duchy of Bar.{{sfn|Monter|2007|pp=23–24}}
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On his mother's side, he was a grandson of ]. His father was a member of the Vaudémont family, a junior branch of the Lorraine ducal family, descending from ]. He was thus both heir-general and heir-male to the Duchy when he succeeded on the death of his cousin ] in 1473. On his mother's side, he was a grandson of ]. His father was a member of the Vaudémont family, a junior branch of the Lorraine ducal family, descending from ]. He was thus both heir-general and heir-male to the Duchy when he succeeded on the death of his cousin ] in 1473.

On 9 September 1471 he married Jeanne d'Harcourt (d. 1488), Countess of ],{{sfn|Bogdan|2013|p=100}} but the marriage was annulled in 1485.


René married ],{{sfn|Bogdan|2013|p=100}} daughter of ], in ] on 1 September 1485 and had the following children: René married ],{{sfn|Bogdan|2013|p=100}} daughter of ], in ] on 1 September 1485 and had the following children:
* Charles (b. 17 August 1486, ]), d. young * Charles (b. 17 August 1486, ]); died at birth
* Francis (5 July 1487, ]) (died at birth) * Francis (5 July 1487, ]); died at birth
* ] (1489&ndash;1544){{sfn|Wellman|2013|p=236}} * ] (1489&ndash;1544){{sfn|Wellman|2013|p=236}}
* Nicholas (9 April 1493, ]), d. young * Nicholas (9 April 1493, ]); died at birth
* ] (1496&ndash;1550), first ]{{sfn|Wellman|2013|p=236}} * ] (1496&ndash;1550); first ]{{sfn|Wellman|2013|p=236}}
* ] and ] (1498&ndash;1550){{sfn|Wellman|2013|p=236}} * ] and ] (1498&ndash;1550){{sfn|Wellman|2013|p=236}}
* ] (1500&ndash;1528) * ] (1500&ndash;1528)
* ], Count of Lambesc (1506&ndash;1525){{sfn|Carroll|2011|p=310}} * ], Count of Lambesc (1506&ndash;1525){{sfn|Carroll|2011|p=310}}
* Anne (19 December 1490, ] &ndash; 1491) * Anne (19 December 1490, ]), died at birth
* Isabelle (2 November 1494, ] &ndash; bef. 1508) * Isabelle (2 November 1494, ] died at birth
* Claude and Catherine (twins) (24 November 1502, ]), d. young * Claude and Catherine (twins) (24 November 1502, ]); died at birth


==Ancestors== ==Ancestors==
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==See also== ==See also==
{{Portal|Kingdom of France|Biography}} {{Portal|Biography}}
* ] * ]


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==Sources== ==Sources==
*{{cite book |first=Henry |last=Bogdan |title=La Lorraine des ducs |language=French |publisher=Tempus |year=2013 |ref=harv}} *{{cite book |first=Henry |last=Bogdan |title=La Lorraine des ducs |language=French |publisher=Tempus |year=2013 }}
*{{cite book |title=Noble Power During the French Wars of Religion: The Guise Affinity and the Catholic Cause in Normandy |first=Stuart |last=Carroll |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |ref=harv}} *{{cite book |title=Noble Power During the French Wars of Religion: The Guise Affinity and the Catholic Cause in Normandy |first=Stuart |last=Carroll |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 }}
*{{cite book |first=Stuart |last=Carroll |year=2011 |title=Martyrs and Murderers: The Guise Family and the Making of Europe |publisher=Oxford University Press |ref=harv}} *{{cite book |first=Stuart |last=Carroll |year=2011 |title=Martyrs and Murderers: The Guise Family and the Making of Europe |publisher=Oxford University Press }}
*{{cite book |title=The Causes of War: Volume III: 1400 CE to 1650 CE |first=Alexander |last=Gillespie |volume=III |publisher=Hart Publishing |year=2017 |ref=harv}} *{{cite book |title=The Causes of War: Volume III: 1400 CE to 1650 CE |first=Alexander |last=Gillespie |volume=III |publisher=Hart Publishing |year=2017 }}
*{{cite book |first=Eusèbe |last=de Laurière |title=Ordonnances des roys de France de la troisième race: recueillies pur ordre chronologique dix-huitième volume |publisher=Gregg Press Limited |year=1968 |location=Farnborough, Hampshire}}
*{{cite journal |first=Henri |last=Lepage |title=La guerre de Sedan: Episode du règne de René II (1493–1496) |journal=Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie lorraine |series=3 |year=1884 |volume=34 |pages=183–224}} *{{cite journal |first=Henri |last=Lepage |title=La guerre de Sedan: Episode du règne de René II (1493–1496) |journal=Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie lorraine |series=3 |year=1884 |volume=34 |pages=183–224}}
*{{cite book |first=E. William |last=Monter |title=A Bewitched Duchy: Lorraine and Its Dukes, 1477–1736 |publisher=Librairie Droz |year=2007 |location=Paris}} *{{cite book |first=E. William |last=Monter |title=A Bewitched Duchy: Lorraine and Its Dukes, 1477–1736 |publisher=Librairie Droz |year=2007 }}
*{{cite book |last=Wellman |first=Kathleen |title=Queens and Mistresses of Renaissance France |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2013 |ref=harv}} *{{cite book |last=Wellman |first=Kathleen |title=Queens and Mistresses of Renaissance France |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2013 }}


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Latest revision as of 17:50, 20 December 2024

Duke of Lorraine from 1473 to 1508
René II
René at the Battle of Nancy, as depicted in La Nancéide, 1518
Duke of Lorraine
Reign24 July 1473 – 10 December 1508
PredecessorNicholas I
SuccessorAntoine
Duke of Bar
Reign23 March 1483 – 10 December 1508
PredecessorYolande
SuccessorAntoine
Count of Vaudémont
Reign31 August 1470 – 10 December 1508
PredecessorYolande
SuccessorAntoine
Born2 May 1451
Angers
Died10 December 1508(1508-12-10) (aged 57)
Fains
Spouse Philippa of Guelders ​ ​(m. 1485)​
Issue
HouseLorraine
FatherFrederick II of Vaudémont
MotherYolande of Lorraine

René II (2 May 1451 – 10 December 1508) was Count of Vaudémont from 1470, Duke of Lorraine from 1473, and Duke of Bar from 1483 to 1508. He claimed the crown of the Kingdom of Naples and the County of Provence as the Duke of Calabria 1480–1493 and as King of Naples and Jerusalem 1493–1508. He succeeded his uncle John of Vaudémont as Count of Harcourt in 1473, exchanging it for the county of Aumale in 1495. He succeeded as Count of Guise in 1504.

Life

René was born in Angers, the son of Yolande of Lorraine and Frederick, Count of Vaudémont. He spent his youth in the court of his grandfather René I of Anjou between Angers and Provence. René succeeded his father in Vaudémont in 1470 and, three years later, his uncle as captain of Angers, seneschal and governor of Anjou. That same year he became Duke of Lorraine, which was at the time under the pressure of both Louis XI of France and Charles the Bold of Burgundy, with whom he initially allied. When the latter began to establish garrisons in Lorraine, however, René secretly allied with Louis (1474).

Charles invaded the duchy and René was forced to quit Nancy (30 November 1475). He regained the city on 5 October the following year and moved to Switzerland to hire an army of Swiss mercenaries. With this force René defeated and killed Charles at the Battle of Nancy (5 January 1477), ending the Burgundian Wars. In 1476, upon the death of his grandmother, he became sole Count of Harcourt and Baron of Elbeuf.

The alliance with Louis would not last, as Louis moved to acquire René's lands. In June 1478, as compensation for the royal seizure of Anjou and Provence, Louis XI reaffirmed his rights to the formerly Burgundian possessions of the Duchy of Luxembourg and the County of Burgundy, and then transferred those rights to René and all of his descendants.

The transfer of the County of Burgundy to France in 1482 with the Treaty of Arras made realization of these rights possible, but the County was returned to the Habsburgs in 1493 with the Treaty of Senlis and René would not exercise control over the County again. Likewise, any authority over Luxembourg was merely theoretical outside of the seizure of Virton, as the Duchy remained in possession of the Habsburgs throughout René's lifetime.

In 1480 René succeeded his grandfather as Duke of Bar while his mother was still living. In 1482 he conquered the prévôté of Virton, a part of the Duchy of Luxembourg, and annexed it to Bar. In 1484 Peter II, Duke of Bourbon, regent for the young King Charles VIII of France, formally installed him in the Duchy of Bar.

When his mother Yolande died in 1483, he succeeded her in her claims to the kingdoms of Naples and Jerusalem. In 1482, René traveled to Italy and defeated the Duke of Ferrara in the Battle of Adria as an ally of the Republic of Venice.

In 1485 René took part in the first phase of the so-called "Mad War", but prudentially retired after a while. In 1488 the Neapolitans offered him the crown of the Kingdom of Naples, and René set an expedition to gain possession of the realm; he was however halted by the new French king, Charles VIII, who intended to claim the realm himself.

In 1495, to settle a dispute with his second cousin, Jean IV de Rieux, over their grandmothers' inheritance, he ceded to Jean the county of Harcourt and its appurtenances, retaining only Elbeuf and Brionne, and receiving the county of Aumale.

Death

René fell ill during a hunt in Fains, and died on 10 December 1508, aged 57.

Family

On his mother's side, he was a grandson of Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine. His father was a member of the Vaudémont family, a junior branch of the Lorraine ducal family, descending from John I, Duke of Lorraine. He was thus both heir-general and heir-male to the Duchy when he succeeded on the death of his cousin Nicholas in 1473.

René married Philippa of Guelders, daughter of Adolf, Duke of Guelders, in Orléans on 1 September 1485 and had the following children:

Ancestors

Ancestors of René II, Duke of Lorraine
8. Frederick I, Count of Vaudémont
4. Antoine, Count of Vaudémont
9. Margaret of Joinville
2. Frederick II, Count of Vaudémont
10. John VII, Count of Harcourt
5. Marie, Countess of Harcourt
11. Marie d'Alençon
1. René II, Duke of Lorraine
12. Louis II of Naples
6. René of Anjou
13. Yolande of Aragon
3. Yolande, Duchess of Lorraine
14. Charles II, Duke of Lorraine
7. Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine
15. Margaret of the Palatinate

See also

Notes

  1. "La Nancéide". musee-lorrain.nancy.fr (in French). Retrieved 2023-07-31.
  2. Carroll 1998, pp. 14–15.
  3. ^ Carroll 2011, p. 310.
  4. Carroll 1998, p. 15.
  5. Gillespie 2017, p. 29.
  6. Monter 2007, p. 24.
  7. Monter 2007, pp. 23–24.
  8. Carroll 1998, pp. 17–19.
  9. Bogdan 2013, p. 100.
  10. ^ Wellman 2013, p. 236.

Sources

  • Bogdan, Henry (2013). La Lorraine des ducs (in French). Tempus.
  • Carroll, Stuart (1998). Noble Power During the French Wars of Religion: The Guise Affinity and the Catholic Cause in Normandy. Cambridge University Press.
  • Carroll, Stuart (2011). Martyrs and Murderers: The Guise Family and the Making of Europe. Oxford University Press.
  • Gillespie, Alexander (2017). The Causes of War: Volume III: 1400 CE to 1650 CE. Vol. III. Hart Publishing.
  • Lepage, Henri (1884). "La guerre de Sedan: Episode du règne de René II (1493–1496)". Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie lorraine. 3. 34: 183–224.
  • Monter, E. William (2007). A Bewitched Duchy: Lorraine and Its Dukes, 1477–1736. Librairie Droz.
  • Wellman, Kathleen (2013). Queens and Mistresses of Renaissance France. Yale University Press.
Titles of nobility
Preceded byFrederick II Count of Vaudémont
1470–1508 		Succeeded byAntoine
Preceded byNicholas I Duke of Lorraine
1473–1508
With: Yolande 1473–1483
VacantTitle last held byNicholas I Marquis of Pont-à-Mousson
1480–1508
Preceded byYolande Duke of Bar
1483–1508
French nobility
Preceded byJohn Count of Harcourt
1473–1495 		Succeeded byJean IV
Baron of Elbeuf
1473–1508 		Succeeded byClaude
Preceded byJean IV Count of Aumale
1495–1508
Preceded byCharlotte Count of Guise
1504–1508
Categories: