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<!-- This article is a part of ]. Please see ] for recommended layout. --> <!-- This article is a part of ]. Please see ] for recommended layout. -->
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin {{Infobox aircraft
|name= 354 |name= 354
|image=Amiot 351.jpg |image=Amiot 351.jpg
|caption= Amiot 351 |caption= Amiot 351
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
|type= ] |type= ]
|manufacturer= ] |manufacturer= ]
|designer= |designer=
|first_flight=November 1939
|first flight=
|introduced=1940 |introduction=1940
|retired= |retired=
|status= |status=
|primary user= ] |primary_user= ]
|more_users=]
|more users=
|produced= |produced=
|number built=ca. 86 |number_built=ca. 86
|variants with their own articles= |variants=
}} }}
|}


The '''Amiot 354''' was the last in a series of fast, twin-engine ]s which fought with the '']'' in limited numbers during the ]. The '''Amiot 354''' was the last in a series of fast, twin-engine ]s which fought with the ] in limited numbers during the ].


==boof== ==Development==
] ]
The Amiot 350 series originated in the same 1934 requirement as a rival to the ]. Derived from the ] ], the '''Amiot 340''' ] was involved in a propaganda misinformation flight to Berlin in August 1938 to convince the Germans that the French employed modern bombers. Though 130 machines were ordered by the French government that year, production delays and ordered modifications ensured that September 1939 saw no delivered aircraft. Eventually, the ordered number of this very modern aircraft reached 830, though ultimately only 80 machines were received by the Air Ministry. The main variant was the twin-tailed 351; however, due to various delays, the single-tailed 354 was accepted into service as an interim type. The Amiot 350 series originated in the same 1934 requirement as a rival to the ]. Derived from the ] ], the '''Amiot 340''' ] was involved in a propaganda flight to Berlin in August 1938 to convince the Germans that the French employed modern bombers. Though 130 machines were ordered by the French government that year, production delays and modifications ensured that by September 1939 none had been delivered. 830 of this very modern aircraft were eventually ordered but only 80 machines were received by the Air Ministry. The main variant was the twin-tailed 351; due to delays, the single-tailed 354 was accepted into service as an interim type. The Amiot 351 was intended to carry a {{cvt|7.5|mm|3}} ] ] in nose and ventral positions and a {{cvt|20|mm}} ] ] in the dorsal position. Due to technical problems with the armament installation, many aircraft went to operational units with only a rifle-calibre machine-gun in the dorsal position.

The Amiot 351 was planned to mount one 7.5&nbsp;mm (.295&nbsp;in) ] ] in nose and ventral positions and one 20&nbsp;mm ] ] in the dorsal position. Due to technical problems with the armament installation, many aircraft went to operational units with only a light machine gun in the dorsal position.


==Operational history== ==Operational history==
In May 1940, the Amiot 351/354 was in the process of equipping just two bomber ''groupes'': GB 1/21 and GB II/21 based at Avignon. Though 200 were in the final stages of construction, only 35 were ready for flight. This situation was exacerbated by the Amiot 351/354 being built in three factories, two of which were later bombed by the Germans. On 16 May 1940, the Amiot 351/354's carried out armed reconnaissance sorties over ] in the Netherlands - the first operation conducted by planes of this type. In May 1940, the Amiot 351/354 was in the process of equipping just two bomber ''groupes'': GB 1/21 and GB II/21 based at Avignon. Though 200 were in the final stages of construction, only 35 were ready for flight. This situation was exacerbated by the Amiot 351/354 being built in three factories, two of which were later bombed by the Germans. On 16 May 1940, the Amiot 351/354s carried out armed reconnaissance sorties over ] in the Netherlands - the first operation conducted by planes of this type. By June, the Amiot 351/354 was also delivered for GB I/34 and GB II/34, neither flying them in combat. At that time, all Amiot 351/354s were based on the northern front. Three had been lost in combat and ten in training accidents. All aircraft were ordered to evacuate to Africa on 17 June, 37 surviving the trip. As their numbers were too few to engage the ], the aircraft were sent back to Metropolitan France and their ''groupes'' disbanded in August 1940. Five Amiot 351/354s continued to be used as mail planes after the ]. Four Amiot 351/354s were commandeered by the '']'' as transports, two found service in the 1./] a special service unit. Engines taken from these aircraft were later used on ] cargo transports.

By June, the Amiot 351/354 was also delivered for GB I/34 and GB II/34, neither flying them in combat. At that time, all Amiot 351/354s were based on the northern front. Three had been lost in combat, ten in training accidents. All aircraft were ordered to evacuate to Africa on 17 June, 37 surviving the trip. As their numbers were too few to engage the ], the aircraft were sent back to Metropolitan France and their ''groupes'' disbanded in August 1940.

Five Amiot 351/354s continued to be used as mail planes after the ]. Four Amiot 351/354s were commandeered by the '']'' as transports, two found service in the 1./].

Engines taken from these aircraft were later used on ] cargo transports.

The Amiot 351/354 saw service with the French Air Force (80?)


==Variants== ==Variants==
]
]
]
]
;Amiot 340.01 ;Amiot 340.01
:Two 686&nbsp;kW (920&nbsp;hp) ], single-tail prototype (one built) :Two 686&nbsp;kW (920&nbsp;hp) ], single-tail prototype (one built)
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;Amiot 357 ;Amiot 357
: high-altitude prototype with ] ], two 895&nbsp;kW (1,200&nbsp;hp) ] ] engines (one built) : high-altitude prototype with ] ], two 895&nbsp;kW (1,200&nbsp;hp) ] ] engines (one built)


;Amiot 358 ;Amiot 358
Line 77: Line 69:


==Operators== ==Operators==
; {{Flagcountry|Third French Republic}}
; {{FRA}}
*'']'' * '']''
; {{flag|Germany|Nazi}} ;{{Flag|Vichy France}}
*'']'' * '']''
; {{flag|Nazi Germany}}
* '']''


==Specifications (Amiot 354 B4)== ==Specifications (Amiot 354 B4)==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=''War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Seven Bombers and Reconnaissance Aircraft'' <ref name="Green p92">Green 1967, p.92.</ref>
|prime units?=met
<!--
General characteristics
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|crew=4 (pilot, co-pilot, navigator, bombardier)
|length m=14.5
|length note=
|span m=22.83
|span note=
|height m=4.08
|height note=
|wing area sqm=67
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil= E7<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |accessdate=16 April 2019}}</ref>
|empty weight kg=4735
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=11324
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
<!--
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-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=]
|eng1 type=14-cylinder two-row air-cooled radial piston engine
|eng1 kw=791
|eng1 sigfig=3
|eng1 note=for take-off (RH rotation fitted to port)

|eng2 number=1
|eng2 name=]
|eng2 type=14-cylinder two-row air-cooled radial piston engine
|eng2 kw=791
|eng2 sigfig=3
|eng2 note=for take-off (LH rotation fitted to starboard)

|prop blade number=3
|prop name=variable-pitch propellers
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=480
|max speed note=at {{cvt|4000|m}}
|cruise speed kmh=349
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=3500
|range note=
|combat range km=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=10000
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude={{cvt|4000|m}} 8 minutes 42 seconds
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass=
|thrust/weight=

|more performance=
<!--
Armament
-->
|guns=3 × {{cvt|7.5|mm|3}} ] machine guns '''or''' 2 × {{cvt|7.5|mm|3}} MAC 1934 machine guns and 1 × {{cvt|20|mm|3}} cannon
|bombs={{cvt|1200|kg|0}}
|rockets=
|missiles=
|hardpoints=
|hardpoint capacity=
|hardpoint rockets=
|hardpoint missiles=
|hardpoint bombs=
|hardpoint other=


{{Aircraft specifications
<!-- if you do not understand how to use this template, please ask at ] -->
|plane or copter?=<!-- options: plane/copter --> plane
|jet or prop?=<!-- options: jet/prop/both/neither --> prop
<!-- Now, fill out the specs. Please include units where appropriate (main comes first, alt in parentheses). If an item doesn't apply leave it blank. For instructions on using |more general=, |more performance=, |power original=, and |thrust original= see ]. -->
|ref=War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Seven Bombers and Reconnaissance Aircraft <ref name="Green p92">Green 1967, p.92.</ref>
|crew= four (pilot, co-pilot, navigator, bombardier)
|capacity=
|length main= 14.50 m
|length alt= 37 ft 6¾ in
|span main= 22.83 m
|span alt= 74 ft 10¾ in
|height main= 4.08 m
|height alt= 13 ft 4½ in
|area main= 67.0 m²
|area alt= 721 ft²
|airfoil=
|empty weight main= 4,735 kg
|empty weight alt= 10,417 lb
|loaded weight main= 11,324 kg
|loaded weight alt= 24,912 lb
|useful load main= <!--kg-->
|useful load alt= <!--lb-->
|max takeoff weight main= <!--kg-->
|max takeoff weight alt= <!--lb-->
|more general=
|engine (prop)=]48/49
|type of prop= 14-cylinder air-cooled ]
|number of props=2
|power main= 791 kW
|power alt= 1,060 hp
|power more=(take off power)
|max speed main= 480 km/h
|max speed alt= 259 knots, 298 mph
|max speed more= at 4,000 m (13,100 ft)
|cruise speed main=349 km/h
|cruise speed alt=189 knots , 217 mph
|cruise speed more=(long range cruise)
|never exceed speed main= <!--km/h-->
|never exceed speed alt= <!--knots,mph-->
|stall speed main= <!--km/h-->
|stall speed alt= <!--knots,mph-->
|range main= 3,502 km
|range alt= 1,891 nmi, 2,175 mi
|ceiling main= 10,000 m
|ceiling alt= 32,800 ft
|climb rate main= <!--m/s-->
|climb rate alt= <!--ft/min-->
|loading main= <!--kg/m²-->
|loading alt= <!--lb/ft²-->
|thrust/weight=<!--a unitless ratio-->
|power/mass main= <!--W/kg-->
|power/mass alt= <!--hp/lb-->
|more performance=*'''Climb to 4,000 m (13,100 ft):''' 8.7 min
|guns=3 × 7.5 mm (.295 in) ] machine guns '''or''' 2 × 7.5 mm (.295 in) MAC 1934 machine guns and 1 × 20 mm cannon
|bombs=1,200 kg (2,650 lb)
|avionics= |avionics=
}} }}
Line 159: Line 190:
}} }}


==References== ==Notes==
;Notes
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}

;Bibliography
==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
* Cuny, Jean & Danel, Raymond. ''LeO 45, Amiot 354 et autres B4''. Docavia 23, éditions Larivière, 1986. (Mainly chapter IV p 241-336, in French).
*Breffort, Dominique & Jouineau, André. ''French Aircraft from 1939 to 1942''
* Breffort, Dominique & Jouineau, André. ''French Aircraft from 1939 to 1942''
*Green, William. ''War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Seven Bombers and Reconnaissance Aircraft''. London:Macdonald, 1967.
* {{cite journal |last1=Mihaily|first1=Edouard|title=Les Amiot 340, 350, 370 (1)|journal=L'Album du Fanatique de l'Aviation |date=July 1972|issue=35|pages=2–7|issn=0757-4169|language=fr|trans-title=}}
*Weal, Elke C., Weal, John A., Barker, Richard F. ''Combat Aircraft of World War Two''
* {{cite journal |last1=Curnel|first1=J.|title=Les Amiot 340, 350, 370 (3)|journal=L'Album du Fanatique de l'Aviation |date=December 1972 |issue=39 |pages=2–5 |issn=0757-4169 |language=fr|trans-title=}}
*Various issues of Avions magazine
* Green, William. ''War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Seven Bombers and Reconnaissance Aircraft''. London:Macdonald, 1967.
{{refend}}
* Weal, Elke C., Weal, John A., Barker, Richard F. ''Combat Aircraft of World War Two''
* Various issues of Avions magazine


==External links== ==External links==
{{commons category|Amiot 351}} {{commons category|Amiot 351}}
*http://www.avions-bateaux.com * http://www.avions-bateaux.com


{{Amiot aircraft}} {{Amiot aircraft}}


] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]

Latest revision as of 18:05, 30 November 2024

354
Amiot 351
General information
TypeBomber
ManufacturerAvions Amiot
Primary usersFrench Air Force Luftwaffe
Number builtca. 86
History
Introduction date1940
First flightNovember 1939

The Amiot 354 was the last in a series of fast, twin-engine bombers which fought with the French Air Force in limited numbers during the Battle of France.

Development

Amiot 340 prototype

The Amiot 350 series originated in the same 1934 requirement as a rival to the Lioré et Olivier LeO 451. Derived from the Amiot 341 mail plane, the Amiot 340 prototype was involved in a propaganda flight to Berlin in August 1938 to convince the Germans that the French employed modern bombers. Though 130 machines were ordered by the French government that year, production delays and modifications ensured that by September 1939 none had been delivered. 830 of this very modern aircraft were eventually ordered but only 80 machines were received by the Air Ministry. The main variant was the twin-tailed 351; due to delays, the single-tailed 354 was accepted into service as an interim type. The Amiot 351 was intended to carry a 7.5 mm (0.295 in) MAC 1934 machine gun in nose and ventral positions and a 20 mm (0.79 in) Hispano-Suiza HS.404 cannon in the dorsal position. Due to technical problems with the armament installation, many aircraft went to operational units with only a rifle-calibre machine-gun in the dorsal position.

Operational history

In May 1940, the Amiot 351/354 was in the process of equipping just two bomber groupes: GB 1/21 and GB II/21 based at Avignon. Though 200 were in the final stages of construction, only 35 were ready for flight. This situation was exacerbated by the Amiot 351/354 being built in three factories, two of which were later bombed by the Germans. On 16 May 1940, the Amiot 351/354s carried out armed reconnaissance sorties over Maastricht in the Netherlands - the first operation conducted by planes of this type. By June, the Amiot 351/354 was also delivered for GB I/34 and GB II/34, neither flying them in combat. At that time, all Amiot 351/354s were based on the northern front. Three had been lost in combat and ten in training accidents. All aircraft were ordered to evacuate to Africa on 17 June, 37 surviving the trip. As their numbers were too few to engage the Italians, the aircraft were sent back to Metropolitan France and their groupes disbanded in August 1940. Five Amiot 351/354s continued to be used as mail planes after the Battle of France. Four Amiot 351/354s were commandeered by the Luftwaffe as transports, two found service in the 1./Kampfgeschwader 200 a special service unit. Engines taken from these aircraft were later used on Messerschmitt Me 323 cargo transports.

Variants

Amiot 350 with Hispano-Suiza 12Y 28/29 engines.
Amiot 351 with Gnome-Rhône 14N engines.
Amiot 356 with Rolls-Royce Merlin X engines.
Amiot 370 with Hispano-Suiza 12 Yirs/Yjrs engines.
Amiot 340.01
Two 686 kW (920 hp) Gnome-Rhône 14P, single-tail prototype (one built)
Amiot 350
351 re-engined with two 686 kW (920 hp) Hispano-Suiza 12Y-28 / Hispano-Suiza 12Y-29 engines (one built)
Amiot 351.01
Amiot 351 prototype.
Amiot 351
Two 707 kW (950 hp) Gnome-Rhône 14N-38 / Gnome-Rhône 14N-39, twin-tail (17) (This number may be low)
Amiot 352
351 re-engined with two 820 kW (1,100 hp) Hispano-Suiza 12Y-50 / Hispano-Suiza 12Y-51 engines (one built)
Amiot 353
351 re-engined with two 768 kW (1,030 hp) Rolls-Royce Merlin III engines (one built)
Amiot 354
351 re-engined with two 798 kW (1,070 hp) Gnome-Rhône 14N-48 / Gnome-Rhône 14N-49, most with single-tail. (45) (This number is probably low)
Amiot 355.01
351 re-engined with two 895 kW (1,200 hp) Gnome-Rhône 14R-2 / Gnome-et-Rhone 14R-3 engines (one built)
Amiot 356.01
354 re-engined with two 842 kW (1,130 hp) Rolls-Royce Merlin X engines (one built)
Amiot 357
high-altitude prototype with pressurized cabin, two 895 kW (1,200 hp) Hispano-Suiza 12Z-89 turbocharged engines (one built)
Amiot 358
351 re-engined post-war with two 895 kW (1,200 hp) Pratt & Whitney R-1830 engines (one built)
Amiot 370
single-tail racer with two 642 kW (860 hp) Hispano-Suiza 12Yirs / Hispano-Suiza 12Yjrs engines, developed specifically for (later cancelled) Paris-New York race (one built)

Operators

 France
 Vichy France
 Nazi Germany

Specifications (Amiot 354 B4)

Data from War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Seven Bombers and Reconnaissance Aircraft

General characteristics

  • Crew: 4 (pilot, co-pilot, navigator, bombardier)
  • Length: 14.5 m (47 ft 7 in)
  • Wingspan: 22.83 m (74 ft 11 in)
  • Height: 4.08 m (13 ft 5 in)
  • Wing area: 67 m (720 sq ft)
  • Airfoil: E7
  • Empty weight: 4,735 kg (10,439 lb)
  • Gross weight: 11,324 kg (24,965 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Gnome-Rhône 14N-48 14-cylinder two-row air-cooled radial piston engine, 791 kW (1,060 hp) for take-off (RH rotation fitted to port)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Gnome-Rhône 14N-49 14-cylinder two-row air-cooled radial piston engine, 791 kW (1,060 hp) for take-off (LH rotation fitted to starboard)
  • Propellers: 3-bladed variable-pitch propellers

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 480 km/h (300 mph, 260 kn) at 4,000 m (13,000 ft)
  • Cruise speed: 349 km/h (217 mph, 188 kn)
  • Range: 3,500 km (2,200 mi, 1,900 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 10,000 m (33,000 ft)
  • Time to altitude: 4,000 m (13,000 ft) 8 minutes 42 seconds

Armament

  • Guns: 3 × 7.5 mm (0.295 in) MAC 1934 machine guns or 2 × 7.5 mm (0.295 in) MAC 1934 machine guns and 1 × 20 mm (0.787 in) cannon
  • Bombs: 1,200 kg (2,646 lb)

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

Notes

  1. Green 1967, p.92.
  2. Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.

Bibliography

  • Cuny, Jean & Danel, Raymond. LeO 45, Amiot 354 et autres B4. Docavia 23, éditions Larivière, 1986. (Mainly chapter IV p 241-336, in French).
  • Breffort, Dominique & Jouineau, André. French Aircraft from 1939 to 1942
  • Mihaily, Edouard (July 1972). "Les Amiot 340, 350, 370 (1)". L'Album du Fanatique de l'Aviation (in French) (35): 2–7. ISSN 0757-4169.
  • Curnel, J. (December 1972). "Les Amiot 340, 350, 370 (3)". L'Album du Fanatique de l'Aviation (in French) (39): 2–5. ISSN 0757-4169.
  • Green, William. War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Seven Bombers and Reconnaissance Aircraft. London:Macdonald, 1967.
  • Weal, Elke C., Weal, John A., Barker, Richard F. Combat Aircraft of World War Two
  • Various issues of Avions magazine

External links

Société d’emboutissage et de constructions mécaniques (SECM)/Amiot aircraft
SECM
Amiot
Categories: