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{{Good article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox Simpsons episode {{Infobox Simpsons episode
| image = Homer_vs._Patty_and_Selma.png
| episode_name = Homer vs. Patty & Selma
| caption = Marge finding out about Homer's debt to Patty and Selma
| episode_no = 120
| prod_code = 2F14 | season = 6
| airdate = ], ] | episode = 17
| show runner = ] | director = ]
| writer = ] | writer = ]
| director = ] | production = 2F14
| airdate = {{Start date|1995|02|26}}
⚫ | blackboard = "I will remember to take my medication."
| guests = * ] as himself
| couch_gag = The family appear on the couch as though they were beamed there a la ].
| guest_star = ] as himself and ] as ballet teacher * ] as Ballet Teacher
⚫ | blackboard = "I will remember to take my medication"
| image = ]
| couch_gag = The family is beamed onto the couch the same way the characters are in '']''.<ref name="martyn" />
| season = 6
| commentary = ]<br />David Mirkin<br />Mark Kirkland<br />]
| prev = ]
| next = ]
}} }}
"'''Homer vs. Patty and Selma'''" is the seventeenth episode of the ] of the American animated television series '']''. It originally aired on ] in the United States on February 26, 1995. In the episode, ] loses all his money in ] futures and must turn to ] and ] for a loan. Meanwhile, ] takes up ] lessons, with an instructor voiced by actress ].
"'''Homer vs. Patty & Selma'''" is the 17th episode of '']''<nowiki>'</nowiki> ].


The episode was written by ] and directed by ], with ] serving as the ]. Sarandon had wanted to guest star on ''The Simpsons'' because her children were fans of the show; she made a later appearance in the series in the episode "]" as the voice of a computer. ] also makes an appearance in "Homer vs. Patty and Selma", and had previously accompanied his wife ] to the recording studio when she had a role in the episode "]".
==Synopsis==
{{spoiler}}
] decides to try his hand in a financial investment by investing in ] pumpkins. Thinking that they will peak in January, he does not sell them by Halloween and loses his entire investment. Now short on money and late on a ] payment, he tries to borrow it, but with no avail. Meanwhile, ] have received a promotion at the ] and have more disposable income. As a last resort, Homer asks the two if they will lend him the money. They agree, but he must become their loyal servant. Not long afterwards, ] discovers that Homer borrowed money from her sisters.


] cites scenes from the episode in describing Homer's characteristic qualities in his book '']''. Turner notes that the episode illustrates Homer's impulsiveness, silliness, and "physical stupidity". Contributor ] writes in the compilation work '']'' that the episode shows Homer's tendency to habitually lie to Marge, and cites Homer's covering for Patty and Selma when they are caught smoking as a positive aspect of his character. The episode also received positive mention from Turner in ''Planet Simpson'', Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood in their book ''I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide'', and Colin Jacobson of DVD Movie Guide.
To earn more money, Homer decides to become a ], but is pulled over when he does not have a chauffeur's license. When he goes to the ] to apply for one, Patty and Selma are his evaluators. The two mercilessly fail his driving and written test. Just after stamping his test with a large "Fail" stamp, the two light up cigarettes, but are immediately spotted by their supervisor. Their supervisor tells them that ] on the job is an offense that could cost them their promotions, but Homer acts quickly and claims the cigarettes as his own. The two are grudgingly thankful, and Homer coerces them to clear his debt in lieu of his favor to them.


==Plot==
The subplot consists of ] taking up ]. After cutting class, Bart is distressed to discover that students were choosing their physical education classes on that day. The only class available is ballet. At first Bart is embarrassed, as he considers ballet a "girl sport" and is the only male in the class. However, he takes a liking to the class when he discovers that he has a latent talent for the dance form, and is invited to star in a school ballet performance. Fearful of being taunted by his fellow students he performs while wearing a mask, but takes it off after discovering that his classmates are impressed with his dancing abilities. When several bullies discover that it is Bart they decide to beat him up, and he is forced to run from them. He attempts to escape by jumping a trench, but fails to make it and is injured.
Noticing sales have been going up, ] invests in pumpkins; not realizing it's ], he sells his futures too late and loses his entire investment. Now unable to make ] payments and unable to borrow money from the bank, Homer realizes his last resort is to ask ] for money after they receive promotions at the ]. The sisters agree to lend him money on the condition that he becomes their humble servant. The sisters take pleasure in making Homer's life miserable, while Homer begs Patty and Selma to help conceal his money woes from ], who soon finds out after seeing his ] note to her sisters.


To earn more money Homer becomes a chauffeur, but while chauffeuring his first passenger ], he is stopped by ] for not having the proper license. Homer goes to the DMV to obtain one, but is horrified to discover his evaluators will be Patty and Selma, who mercilessly fail his driving and written test. To celebrate Homer's failure, they light up cigarettes but are caught by their supervisor, who threatens to demote them for ] on the job. After seeing Marge's dismay at the situation, Homer reluctantly covers for them by claiming the lit cigarettes are his. To thank Homer for helping them avoid demotion, Patty and Selma offer to let him pass his test, but instead Homer eagerly asks them to forgive the loan.
==Trivia==
*This is one of the few times Richard gets a speaking role.
*Bart drinks a ] after a ballet lesson.


In the subplot, ] is late for school on the day students choose their ] classes. When he arrives, ] is the only class that is available. Despite his initial reluctance, Bart soon discovers he is a talented dancer and is invited to star in a school ballet. Bart insists on wearing a mask to conceal his identity, fearful that he will be taunted and beaten up; however, he manages to put on a performance that delights the audience. After his performance, Bart reveals his identity and despite his confidence in his performance, the school bullies chase Bart anyway, intending to beat him. He tries to escape by jumping over a trench but injures himself after failing the leap. Seeing that Bart is hurt from the fall, the bullies leave without pummeling him. ] tells Bart she is proud of him for showing his sensitive side.
==Quotes==

*'''Lenny''': Hey Homer, how come you got money to burn... or singe anyway.<br>
==Production==
*'''Selma''': When are you going to wake up and smell your husband, ]?<br>'''Patty''': Granted, you got some kids out of him, but when the seeds have been planted, you throw away the envelope.
] has a cameo appearance in the episode.]]
*'''Selma''': Come on, Homer: you can't spell "]" without I-O-U.<br>'''Homer''': I'll have to trust you on that.
The script for "Homer vs. Patty and Selma" was written by ] and was the first time he received a writing credit on ''The Simpsons''.<ref name="Mirkin">Mirkin, David (2005). Commentary for "Homer vs. Patty and Selma", in ''The Simpsons: The Complete Sixth Season'' . 20th Century Fox.</ref> Executive producer ] describes it as a very grounded and emotional episode that seems very "]y".<ref name="Mirkin"/>
*'''Homer''': Oh, OK Marge, I'll get along with them. Then I will hug some snakes. Yes! I will hug and kiss some poisonous snakes!

*'''Homer''': I am Romer Rimpson, the rowly dog.
Bart's ballet teacher was voiced by ],<ref>{{cite news | last =BPI Communications | title =TV People | work =] | page =13D | date =February 25, 1995 }}</ref> and was designed to look a little bit like her.<ref name="Kirkland"/> Sarandon had wanted to guest star on the show because her children were big fans; she brought them with her to the recording session.<ref name="Mirkin"/> Due to a traffic jam, she was late for the recording session, but once she arrived, she fell into character and worked very hard on getting her accent accurate.<ref name="Mirkin"/> Sarandon would later have a cameo appearance as the voice of a computer in the ] episode "]".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Susan Sarandon: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/susan-sarandon/credits/175785|publisher=www.tvguide.com|work=]|access-date=2008-12-05}}</ref> ] has a cameo appearance as himself.<ref>{{cite news | last =Staff | title =News and Notes&nbsp;— Brooks, Sarandon Lend Voices to 'The Simpsons' | work =Daily News of Los Angeles | page =L9 | date =February 22, 1995 }}</ref> His wife ] had played a role in the episode "]" and Brooks had accompanied her to the recording session.<ref name="Mirkin"/> Mirkin realized that Brooks was "dying to do the show" and asked him if he would be willing to do a guest part, and he agreed.<ref name="Mirkin"/> Many of the writers were fans of Brooks, and ] described the chance to have him guest star as "an incredible honor".<ref name="Groening">Groening, Matt (2005). Commentary for "Homer vs. Patty and Selma", in ''The Simpsons: The Complete Sixth Season'' . 20th Century Fox.</ref>
*'''Homer''': (sees Marge looking unhappy) I'll never forgive myself for this. (grabs both cigarettes)<br>'''Super''': Wait a minute! Those are yours, sir?<br>'''Homer''': (monotone) Yes. (coughs) I am in flavor country.<br>'''Super''': (skeptical) Both of them?<br>'''Homer''': It's a big country.<br>'''Super''': Ladies, I apologize. And you, sir, are worse than ]. (slaps Homer)

*'''Russian ballet teacher''': Ah, I know that you fear the boys will laugh at you.<br>'''Bart''': No, I fear the girls will laugh at me. The boys will beat the living snot out of me.
The episode was directed by ] who was a fan of Patty and Selma, having previously directed the ] episode "]", which also focuses on the duo.<ref name="Kirkland">Kirkland, Mark (2005). Commentary for "Homer vs. Patty and Selma", in ''The Simpsons: The Complete Sixth Season'' . 20th Century Fox.</ref> When directing the sequences where Bart does ballet dancing, Kirkland assigned the scenes to animators who were familiar with dancing.<ref name="Kirkland"/>
*'''Chief Wiggum''': Wow, you're ]! Hey, how 'bout we do the ] thing. You'll be ] and I'll be Police Chief Wiggum.<br>'''Mel Brooks''': Tell you what, why don't you be Carl Reiner and I'll be Police Chief Wiggum? I hate Carl Reiner!

==Themes==
] writes in his book '']'' that the episode illustrates how Homer Simpson is "an organism of considerable complexity".{{sfn|Turner|2005|p=96}} Turner comments, "Homer is carrying the full symbolic weight of twentieth-century America on his shoulders, and no garden-variety doofus could manage that task."{{sfn|Turner|2005|p=96}} Turner discusses a moment from the episode where Marge tells her sisters, "Homer doesn't mean to be rude, he's just a very complicated man", after which Homer breaks a plate over his head and shouts "Wrong!"{{sfn|Turner|2005|p=96}} Turner writes that this "revelatory moment" is illustrative of "several of the best-known aspects of Homer's character: his impulsiveness, his inherent silliness, his evident, even physical stupidity".{{sfn|Turner|2005|p=96}}

In the compilation work '']'', edited by William Irwin, Mark T. Conrad, and Aeon J. Skoble, the episode is cited as an example where, as contributor ] writes, "Homer is a habitual liar, he lacks honesty."<ref name="irwin">{{Harvnb|Irwin|Skoble|Conrad|2001|pp=11–12}}</ref> In addition to "lying about his financial losses in investments" in the episode, Halwani notes Homer lied to Marge in "]" about "the fact that he never graduated from high school", and in the episode "]", Homer lied to Marge about getting rid of the gun he had purchased.<ref name="irwin" /> However, Halwani later highlights positive aspects of Homer's character, noting that in the episode, Homer "pretended he was the one smoking so that Patty and Selma would not get fired for smoking at their workplace".<ref>{{Harvnb|Irwin|Skoble|Conrad|2001|p=16}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Critical reception===
Chris Turner wrote in ''Planet Simpson'' that the scene where Homer "smashes a dinner plate over his head" is one of his favorite Homer moments. "I'd like to say it's the ''defining'' Homer moment, but that would do a grave injustice to the extraordinary dramatic achievement that is Homer J. Simpson", Turner comments.{{sfn|Turner|2005|p=96}}

Writing in ''I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide'', Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood said, "Patty and Selma have rarely been more evil than here&nbsp;— they are fabulously cruel."<ref name="martyn">{{Harvnb|Martyn|Wood|2000}}</ref>

In a review of the sixth season of ''The Simpsons'', Colin Jacobson of DVD Movie Guide writes, "Homer’s disdain for Marge’s sisters&nbsp;– and vice versa&nbsp;– has always led to terrific sparks, and “Vs.” provides another great round in their eternal battle. It's hilarious to see Homer indebted to the Terrible Two..."<ref>{{cite news | last =Jacobson | first =Colin | title =The Simpsons: The Complete Sixth Season (1994) | work =DVD Movie Guide | publisher =www.dvdmg.com | date =August 15, 2005 | url =http://www.dvdmg.com/simpsonsseasonsix.shtml | access-date = 2008-12-19 }}</ref>

===Ratings===
In its original broadcast, "Homer vs. Patty and Selma" finished 38th in ratings for the week of February 20–26, 1995, with a ] of 11.1, equivalent to approximately 10.6 million viewing households. It was the third highest-rated show on the Fox network that week, following '']'' and '']''.<ref>{{cite news |title=NBC keeps Thursday lock and wins|work=Sun-Sentinel|agency=Associated Press|page=4E|date=March 2, 1995}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
In ], the figure and concept of "Niño Rata", which means "Ratboy" (the nickname Homer ascribes to Bart in a scene in this episode) in the Spanish language, slowly became an ], particularly on ]. The phrase is now popularized as colloquial way to refer to irate, inexperienced and underage fans of such video games as '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'' and '']''; it is also used to designate YouTube users who ] other users in the comments bar.<ref>{{cite news | last =López | first =Angel | title =¿Qué es un Niño Rata? 10 claves para identificarlos | work =MeriStation | publisher =as.com | date =May 29, 2018 | url =https://as.com/meristation/2016/03/20/reportajes/1458464400_148962.html | access-date = 2019-01-10 }}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}


==References== ==References==
*{{citation| last1 = Irwin | first1 = William | first2= Aeon J. |last2=Skoble|first3= Mark T. |last3=Conrad| title = ] | publisher = Open Court Publishing |year=2001 | isbn = 0-8126-9433-3}}
Bart drinks ] while he dances just like ] did in '']''.
*{{cite book |last=Turner |first=Chris |author-link=Chris Turner (author) |title=] |edition=1st revised |year=2005 |location=Cambridge |publisher=] |oclc=670978714 |isbn=978-0-306-81448-8}}
*{{citation | last1 =Martyn| first1 =Warren |first2=Adrian |last2=Wood | title =I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide | publisher =Virgin Books | year=2000 | url =https://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/simpsons/episodeguide/season6/page17.shtml | isbn = 0-7535-0495-2}}

==Further reading==
{{Portal|The Simpsons}}
*{{cite book |last=Alberti |first=John |title=] |publisher=Wayne State University Press |year=2004 |page= |isbn=0-8143-2849-0 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Alan S. |first2=Chris |last2=Logan |title=] |publisher=BenBella Books, Inc. |year=2006 |page=223 |isbn=1-932100-70-9}}

⚫ ==External links==
{{Wikiquote|The_Simpsons/Season_6#Homer_vs._Patty_.26_Selma|"Homer vs. Patty & Selma"}}
* at The Simpsons.com
⚫ * {{Snpp capsule|2F14}}
* {{IMDb episode|id=0701119}}


{{The Simpsons episodes|6}}
⚫ ==External links==
⚫ *{{snpp capsule|2F14}}
{{wikiquote}}


] ]
]
]

Latest revision as of 22:00, 26 December 2024

17th episode of the 6th season of The Simpsons
"Homer vs. Patty and Selma"
The Simpsons episode
Marge finding out about Homer's debt to Patty and Selma
Episode no.Season 6
Episode 17
Directed byMark Kirkland
Written byBrent Forrester
Production code2F14
Original air dateFebruary 26, 1995 (1995-02-26)
Guest appearances
Episode features
Chalkboard gag"I will remember to take my medication"
Couch gagThe family is beamed onto the couch the same way the characters are in Quantum Leap.
CommentaryMatt Groening
David Mirkin
Mark Kirkland
David Silverman
Episode chronology
← Previous
"Bart vs. Australia" 		Next →
"A Star Is Burns"
The Simpsons season 6
List of episodes

"Homer vs. Patty and Selma" is the seventeenth episode of the sixth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on February 26, 1995. In the episode, Homer loses all his money in pumpkin futures and must turn to Patty and Selma for a loan. Meanwhile, Bart takes up ballet lessons, with an instructor voiced by actress Susan Sarandon.

The episode was written by Brent Forrester and directed by Mark Kirkland, with David Mirkin serving as the executive producer. Sarandon had wanted to guest star on The Simpsons because her children were fans of the show; she made a later appearance in the series in the episode "Bart Has Two Mommies" as the voice of a computer. Mel Brooks also makes an appearance in "Homer vs. Patty and Selma", and had previously accompanied his wife Anne Bancroft to the recording studio when she had a role in the episode "Fear of Flying".

Chris Turner cites scenes from the episode in describing Homer's characteristic qualities in his book Planet Simpson: How a Cartoon Masterpiece Documented an Era and Defined a Generation. Turner notes that the episode illustrates Homer's impulsiveness, silliness, and "physical stupidity". Contributor Raja Halwani writes in the compilation work The Simpsons and Philosophy that the episode shows Homer's tendency to habitually lie to Marge, and cites Homer's covering for Patty and Selma when they are caught smoking as a positive aspect of his character. The episode also received positive mention from Turner in Planet Simpson, Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood in their book I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, and Colin Jacobson of DVD Movie Guide.

Plot

Noticing sales have been going up, Homer invests in pumpkins; not realizing it's Hallowe'en, he sells his futures too late and loses his entire investment. Now unable to make mortgage payments and unable to borrow money from the bank, Homer realizes his last resort is to ask Patty and Selma for money after they receive promotions at the DMV. The sisters agree to lend him money on the condition that he becomes their humble servant. The sisters take pleasure in making Homer's life miserable, while Homer begs Patty and Selma to help conceal his money woes from Marge, who soon finds out after seeing his IOU note to her sisters.

To earn more money Homer becomes a chauffeur, but while chauffeuring his first passenger Mel Brooks, he is stopped by Chief Wiggum for not having the proper license. Homer goes to the DMV to obtain one, but is horrified to discover his evaluators will be Patty and Selma, who mercilessly fail his driving and written test. To celebrate Homer's failure, they light up cigarettes but are caught by their supervisor, who threatens to demote them for smoking on the job. After seeing Marge's dismay at the situation, Homer reluctantly covers for them by claiming the lit cigarettes are his. To thank Homer for helping them avoid demotion, Patty and Selma offer to let him pass his test, but instead Homer eagerly asks them to forgive the loan.

In the subplot, Bart is late for school on the day students choose their physical education classes. When he arrives, ballet is the only class that is available. Despite his initial reluctance, Bart soon discovers he is a talented dancer and is invited to star in a school ballet. Bart insists on wearing a mask to conceal his identity, fearful that he will be taunted and beaten up; however, he manages to put on a performance that delights the audience. After his performance, Bart reveals his identity and despite his confidence in his performance, the school bullies chase Bart anyway, intending to beat him. He tries to escape by jumping over a trench but injures himself after failing the leap. Seeing that Bart is hurt from the fall, the bullies leave without pummeling him. Lisa tells Bart she is proud of him for showing his sensitive side.

Production

Mel Brooks has a cameo appearance in the episode.

The script for "Homer vs. Patty and Selma" was written by Brent Forrester and was the first time he received a writing credit on The Simpsons. Executive producer David Mirkin describes it as a very grounded and emotional episode that seems very "sitcomy".

Bart's ballet teacher was voiced by Susan Sarandon, and was designed to look a little bit like her. Sarandon had wanted to guest star on the show because her children were big fans; she brought them with her to the recording session. Due to a traffic jam, she was late for the recording session, but once she arrived, she fell into character and worked very hard on getting her accent accurate. Sarandon would later have a cameo appearance as the voice of a computer in the season 17 episode "Bart Has Two Mommies". Mel Brooks has a cameo appearance as himself. His wife Anne Bancroft had played a role in the episode "Fear of Flying" and Brooks had accompanied her to the recording session. Mirkin realized that Brooks was "dying to do the show" and asked him if he would be willing to do a guest part, and he agreed. Many of the writers were fans of Brooks, and Matt Groening described the chance to have him guest star as "an incredible honor".

The episode was directed by Mark Kirkland who was a fan of Patty and Selma, having previously directed the season two episode "Principal Charming", which also focuses on the duo. When directing the sequences where Bart does ballet dancing, Kirkland assigned the scenes to animators who were familiar with dancing.

Themes

Chris Turner writes in his book Planet Simpson: How a Cartoon Masterpiece Documented an Era and Defined a Generation that the episode illustrates how Homer Simpson is "an organism of considerable complexity". Turner comments, "Homer is carrying the full symbolic weight of twentieth-century America on his shoulders, and no garden-variety doofus could manage that task." Turner discusses a moment from the episode where Marge tells her sisters, "Homer doesn't mean to be rude, he's just a very complicated man", after which Homer breaks a plate over his head and shouts "Wrong!" Turner writes that this "revelatory moment" is illustrative of "several of the best-known aspects of Homer's character: his impulsiveness, his inherent silliness, his evident, even physical stupidity".

In the compilation work The Simpsons and Philosophy: The D'oh! of Homer, edited by William Irwin, Mark T. Conrad, and Aeon J. Skoble, the episode is cited as an example where, as contributor Raja Halwani writes, "Homer is a habitual liar, he lacks honesty." In addition to "lying about his financial losses in investments" in the episode, Halwani notes Homer lied to Marge in "The Front" about "the fact that he never graduated from high school", and in the episode "The Cartridge Family", Homer lied to Marge about getting rid of the gun he had purchased. However, Halwani later highlights positive aspects of Homer's character, noting that in the episode, Homer "pretended he was the one smoking so that Patty and Selma would not get fired for smoking at their workplace".

Reception

Critical reception

Chris Turner wrote in Planet Simpson that the scene where Homer "smashes a dinner plate over his head" is one of his favorite Homer moments. "I'd like to say it's the defining Homer moment, but that would do a grave injustice to the extraordinary dramatic achievement that is Homer J. Simpson", Turner comments.

Writing in I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood said, "Patty and Selma have rarely been more evil than here — they are fabulously cruel."

In a review of the sixth season of The Simpsons, Colin Jacobson of DVD Movie Guide writes, "Homer’s disdain for Marge’s sisters – and vice versa – has always led to terrific sparks, and “Vs.” provides another great round in their eternal battle. It's hilarious to see Homer indebted to the Terrible Two..."

Ratings

In its original broadcast, "Homer vs. Patty and Selma" finished 38th in ratings for the week of February 20–26, 1995, with a Nielsen rating of 11.1, equivalent to approximately 10.6 million viewing households. It was the third highest-rated show on the Fox network that week, following Beverly Hills, 90210 and Married... with Children.

Legacy

In Latin America, the figure and concept of "Niño Rata", which means "Ratboy" (the nickname Homer ascribes to Bart in a scene in this episode) in the Spanish language, slowly became an Internet meme, particularly on YouTube. The phrase is now popularized as colloquial way to refer to irate, inexperienced and underage fans of such video games as Minecraft, Call of Duty, FIFA, Grand Theft Auto Online and Fortnite; it is also used to designate YouTube users who troll other users in the comments bar.

Notes

  1. ^ Martyn & Wood 2000
  2. ^ Mirkin, David (2005). Commentary for "Homer vs. Patty and Selma", in The Simpsons: The Complete Sixth Season . 20th Century Fox.
  3. BPI Communications (February 25, 1995). "TV People". St. Petersburg Times. p. 13D.
  4. ^ Kirkland, Mark (2005). Commentary for "Homer vs. Patty and Selma", in The Simpsons: The Complete Sixth Season . 20th Century Fox.
  5. "Susan Sarandon: Credits". TV Guide. www.tvguide.com. Retrieved December 5, 2008.
  6. Staff (February 22, 1995). "News and Notes — Brooks, Sarandon Lend Voices to 'The Simpsons'". Daily News of Los Angeles. p. L9.
  7. Groening, Matt (2005). Commentary for "Homer vs. Patty and Selma", in The Simpsons: The Complete Sixth Season . 20th Century Fox.
  8. ^ Turner 2005, p. 96.
  9. ^ Irwin, Skoble & Conrad 2001, pp. 11–12
  10. Irwin, Skoble & Conrad 2001, p. 16
  11. Jacobson, Colin (August 15, 2005). "The Simpsons: The Complete Sixth Season (1994)". DVD Movie Guide. www.dvdmg.com. Retrieved December 19, 2008.
  12. "NBC keeps Thursday lock and wins". Sun-Sentinel. Associated Press. March 2, 1995. p. 4E.
  13. López, Angel (May 29, 2018). "¿Qué es un Niño Rata? 10 claves para identificarlos". MeriStation. as.com. Retrieved January 10, 2019.

References

Further reading

External links

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