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{{Short description|Bridge, road, railway, or similar structure that crosses over another road or railway}}
⚫ An '''overpass''' (called an '''overbridge''' or '''flyover''' in the ] and some other ] countries) is a ], ], ] or similar structure that crosses over another road or railway. An ''overpass'' and '']'' together form a ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/institute-of-traffic-engineers/traffic-engineering-handbook-hci/page-46-traffic-engineering-handbook-hci.shtml |title=Read the ebook Traffic engineering handbook by Institute of Traffic Engineers |author=Henry K. Evans |year=1950 |work=ENGINEERING HANDBOOK, Second Edition 1950 |publisher=Institute of Traffic Engineers |location=New Haven, Connecticut |accessdate=2010-10-09}}</ref> ]s are made up of many overpasses.
{{Other uses}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2021}}
in ]]]
], Japan]]
], an overpass is built along a street or road, like ], to alleviate traffic between two main roads.]]

⚫ An '''overpass''', called an '''overbridge''' or '''flyover''' (for a road only) in the United Kingdom and some other ] countries, is a ], ], ] or similar structure that is over another road or railway. An ''overpass'' and '']'' together form a ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/institute-of-traffic-engineers/traffic-engineering-handbook-hci/page-46-traffic-engineering-handbook-hci.shtml |title=Read the ebook Traffic engineering handbook by Institute of Traffic Engineers |author=Henry K. Evans |year=1950 |work=ENGINEERING HANDBOOK, Second Edition 1950 |publisher=Institute of Traffic Engineers |location=New Haven, Connecticut |via= eBooksRead.com |access-date=2010-10-09 |archive-date=2012-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318064658/http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/institute-of-traffic-engineers/traffic-engineering-handbook-hci/page-46-traffic-engineering-handbook-hci.shtml |url-status=dead}} Search for .</ref> ]s are made up of several overpasses.


==History== ==History==
⚫ The world's first railroad flyover was constructed in 1843 by the ] at ] to carry its ] vehicles over the ].<ref>{{cite book |last=Turner |first=J.T. Howard |title=The London Brighton and South Coast Railway 1. Origins and formation |publisher=Batsford |year=1977 |location=London |page=249 |isbn=978-0-7134-0275-9 |via=] |url=https://archive.org/details/londonbrightonso0000turn_t7e4/page/249/mode/1up?view=theater&q=flyover+%22the+first+in+the+world%22 }}</ref>
]]]
]
⚫ The world's first railroad flyover was constructed in 1843 by the ] at ] to carry its ] vehicles over the ].<ref>{{Cite book|last = Turner | first = J.T. Howard | title = The London Brighton and South Coast Railway 1. Origins and formation|publisher=Batsford|year=1977|location = London | pages = 249 | isbn = 978-0-7134-0275-9}}</ref>


==Highway and road== ==Highway and road==
In North American usage, a ''flyover'' is a high-level overpass, built above main overpass lanes, or a bridge built over what had been an ]. Traffic engineers usually refer to the latter as a '']''. A flyover may also be an extra ramp added to an existing interchange, either replacing an existing ] loop (or being built in place of one) with a higher, faster ramp that eventually bears left, but may be built as a right or left exit. In North American usage, a ''flyover'' is a high-level overpass, built above main overpass lanes, or a bridge built over what had been an ]. Traffic engineers usually refer to the latter as a '']''. A flyover may also be an extra ramp added to an existing interchange, either replacing an existing ] loop (or being built in place of one) with a higher, faster ramp that eventually bears left, but may be built as a right or left exit.


A cloverleaf or partial cloverleaf contains some 270 degree loops, which can slow traffic and can be difficult to construct with multiple lanes. Where all such turns are replaced with flyovers (perhaps with some underpasses) only 90 degree turns are needed, and there may be four or more distinct levels of traffic. Depending upon design, traffic may flow in all directions at or near open road speeds (when not congested). For more examples see ]. A cloverleaf or partial cloverleaf contains some 270 degree loops, which can slow traffic and can be difficult to construct with multiple lanes. Where all such turns are replaced with flyovers (perhaps with some underpasses) only 90 degree turns are needed, and there may be four or more distinct levels of traffic. Depending upon design, traffic may flow in all directions at or near open road speeds (when not congested). For more examples, see ].


==Pedestrian== ==Pedestrian==
A ] allows ] safe crossing over busy roads without affecting traffic. A ] allows traffic to pass without affecting ] safety.


==Railway== ==Railway==
Line 19: Line 25:
Railroads also use ]s and ]s instead of ]s, as a way to reverse direction and to avoid trains conflicting with those on other tracks. Railroads also use ]s and ]s instead of ]s, as a way to reverse direction and to avoid trains conflicting with those on other tracks.


{{-}}
==Gallery== ==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="160px">
{{Gallery
⚫ Overpasses in Spain.JPG|Overpasses near ]
|title= Examples of overpasses / flyovers
⚫ Cumberland Highway.jpg|] overpasses a street in ]
|width=160
⚫ Los Angeles Freeway Interchange.jpg|A high-capacity ]: the ] in ]
|height=170
⚫ SandgateRailOverpass.JPG|], New South Wales, where two main railway lines pass over two dedicated coal lines
|lines=4
⚫ South entrance of Zheng Qi Overpass 20110114.jpg|Zheng Qi overpass, ]
|align=center
⚫ Overpass-NYThruway-355.25-c.jpg|] overpass
|File:Mohakhali flyover 004.JPG| Flyover near Mohakhali in ].
⚫ Pedestrian overpass.JPG|Pedestrian overpass, ], ], ]. This overpass is located at the ].
⚫ |File:Overpasses in Spain.JPG|Overpasses near ]
⚫ Sion Panvel Highway Kharghar exit.jpeg|A road sign on ] in ] instructing travellers to use flyover for onward journey.
⚫ |File:Cumberland Highway.jpg|] overpasses a street in ]
Burbank Ave I-5 overpass under construction in Burbank, California.JPG|Overpass under construction over ] in ], July 2021
⚫ |File:Los Angeles Freeway Interchange.jpg|A high-capacity ]: the ] in ]
Athens-Kiffisia-aerial.jpg|Round overpass in ]
⚫ |File:SandgateRailOverpass.JPG|], New South Wales, where two main railway lines pass over two dedicated coal lines
General Holmes Drive from aircraft window.jpg|Sydney airport taxiway going over a major road.
⚫ |File:South entrance of Zheng Qi Overpass 20110114.jpg|Flyover on ] in ]
Welcome to New Jersey Turnpike Southbound Edgewood Road Bridge 2023.jpg|Sign welcoming drivers to the ] under the ] in ]
|File:Mohakhali flyover 001.JPG|Flyovers near Mohakhali in ].
</gallery>
⚫ |File:Overpass-NYThruway-355.25-c.jpg|] overpass
⚫ |File:Pedestrian overpass.JPG|Pedestrian overpass, ], ]. This overpass is located at the ].
|File:Mohakhali flyover 003.JPG| Flyovers near Mohakhali in ].
⚫ |File:Sion Panvel Highway Kharghar exit.jpeg|A road sign on ] in ] instructing travellers to use flyover for onward journey.
}}


==See also== ==See also==
*] * ]
*] * ]
*] * ]
*] * ]
*] * ]


==References== ==References==
{{commons category|Overpass bridges}}
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}

* {{Britannica|435973|Overpass (Bridge)}}
== External links ==
* {{Commons category inline}}

{{Road types}} {{Road types}}
{{Infrastructure}} {{Infrastructure}}


] ]
⚫ ]
] ]
⚫ ]




] ]

Latest revision as of 12:33, 4 December 2024

Bridge, road, railway, or similar structure that crosses over another road or railway For other uses, see Overpass (disambiguation).

Highway overpass in Greensboro, North Carolina
Overpass crossing multiple railway lines and roads in Kyoto, Japan
In Hong Kong, an overpass is built along a street or road, like Hill Road Flyover, to alleviate traffic between two main roads.

An overpass, called an overbridge or flyover (for a road only) in the United Kingdom and some other Commonwealth countries, is a bridge, road, railway or similar structure that is over another road or railway. An overpass and underpass together form a grade separation. Stack interchanges are made up of several overpasses.

History

The world's first railroad flyover was constructed in 1843 by the London and Croydon Railway at Norwood Junction railway station to carry its atmospheric railway vehicles over the Brighton Main Line.

Highway and road

In North American usage, a flyover is a high-level overpass, built above main overpass lanes, or a bridge built over what had been an at-grade intersection. Traffic engineers usually refer to the latter as a grade separation. A flyover may also be an extra ramp added to an existing interchange, either replacing an existing cloverleaf loop (or being built in place of one) with a higher, faster ramp that eventually bears left, but may be built as a right or left exit.

A cloverleaf or partial cloverleaf contains some 270 degree loops, which can slow traffic and can be difficult to construct with multiple lanes. Where all such turns are replaced with flyovers (perhaps with some underpasses) only 90 degree turns are needed, and there may be four or more distinct levels of traffic. Depending upon design, traffic may flow in all directions at or near open road speeds (when not congested). For more examples, see Freeway interchange.

Pedestrian

A pedestrian overpass allows traffic to pass without affecting pedestrian safety.

Railway

Railway overpasses are used to replace level crossings (at-grade crossings) as a safer alternative. Using overpasses allows for unobstructed rail traffic to flow without conflicting with vehicular and pedestrian traffic. Rapid transit systems use complete grade separation of their rights of way to avoid traffic interference with frequent and reliable service.

Railroads also use balloon loops and flying junctions instead of flat junctions, as a way to reverse direction and to avoid trains conflicting with those on other tracks.

Gallery

See also

References

  1. Henry K. Evans (1950). "Read the ebook Traffic engineering handbook by Institute of Traffic Engineers". ENGINEERING HANDBOOK, Second Edition 1950. New Haven, Connecticut: Institute of Traffic Engineers. Archived from the original on March 18, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2010 – via eBooksRead.com. Search for .
  2. Turner, J.T. Howard (1977). The London Brighton and South Coast Railway 1. Origins and formation. London: Batsford. p. 249. ISBN 978-0-7134-0275-9 – via Internet Archive.

External links

Road hierarchy
Types of road
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Other terms
Road junctions
Interchanges
(grade-separated)
Intersections
(at-grade)
Surfaces
Road safety
factors
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Space and
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