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{{Short description|Office building in Manhattan, New York}}
{{pp-move-indef}}
{{About|the current building on the site completed in 2006|the original structure destroyed on September 11, 2001|7 World Trade Center (1987–2001)}}
{{short description|Either of two office buildings that have existed at the same location in Manhattan, New York}}

{{Use American English|date = April 2019}} {{Use American English|date = April 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2018}} {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Featured article}}
{{Infobox building {{Infobox building
|name=7 World Trade Center | name = 7 World Trade Center
|image=7 World Trade Center.jpg | image = Wtc7 jan06.jpg
|image_size=275px | image_size =
|image_alt=A new skyscraper in New York's World Trade Center | image_alt = The glass facade of 7 World Trade Center, a skyscraper in New York's World Trade Center
|caption=The new 7 World Trade Center from the southeast (2008) | caption = 7 World Trade Center nearing completion, January 2006
|status= complete | status = complete
| start_date = May 7, 2002<ref name="nyt-7wtcstart">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/08/nyregion/as-a-hurdle-is-cleared-building-begins-at-ground-zero.html |title=As a Hurdle Is Cleared, Building Begins At Ground Zero |first=Charles V. |last=Bagli |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |date=May 8, 2002 |access-date=August 16, 2009 |archive-date=August 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828162104/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/08/nyregion/as-a-hurdle-is-cleared-building-begins-at-ground-zero.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|start_date=May 7, 2002<ref name="nyt-7wtcstart" />
|completion_date=2006 | completion_date = 2006
|opened=May 23, 2006 | opened = May 23, 2006
|location=250 ]<br />], ] 10006, United States | location = 250 ]<br />], ] 10006, United States
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
|coordinates={{Coord|40.7133|-74.0120|region:US-NY_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|40.7133|-74.0120|region:US-NY_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
|map_type=
| map_type =
|building_type=Office
| building_type = Office
|architectural={{convert|743|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="skyscraperCenter" />
| architectural = {{convert|743|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="skyscraperCenter">{{cite web |url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/7-world-trade-center/1117 |title=7 World Trade Center – The Skyscraper Center |work=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat |access-date=April 9, 2024 |archive-date=June 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612163722/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/7-world-trade-center/1117 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|roof={{convert|741|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="som" />
| roof = {{convert|741|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="som"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211193617/https://www.som.com/project/7-world-trade-center |date=December 11, 2013}}, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill</ref>
|top_floor={{convert|679|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="skyscraperCenter" />
| top_floor = {{convert|679|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="skyscraperCenter" />
|floor_count=52<ref name="som" /><ref name="Silverstein Properties" />
| floor_count = 52<ref name="som" /><ref name="Silverstein Properties">See: * {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205085010/https://www.silversteinproperties.com/commercial-office-space-nyc/7-world-trade-center |date=February 5, 2017}}, Silverstein Properties *</ref>
|elevator_count=29<ref name="skyscraperCenter" />
|floor_area={{convert|1681118|sqft|m2|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="skyscraperCenter" /> | elevator_count = 29<ref name="skyscraperCenter" />
|architect=] ]<ref name="skyscraperCenter" /> | floor_area = {{convert|1681118|sqft|m2|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="skyscraperCenter" />
|structural_engineer=]<ref name="skyscraperCenter" /> | architect = ] of ]<ref name="skyscraperCenter" />
|developer=]<ref name="skyscraperCenter" /><ref name="Silverstein Properties" /> | structural_engineer = ]<ref name="skyscraperCenter" />
| developer = ]<ref name="skyscraperCenter" /><ref name="Silverstein Properties" />
|website=, wtc.com
|references=<ref name="skyscraperCenter" /> | engineer = ] (MEP)<ref name="skyscraperCenter" />
| website = , wtc.com
| references = <ref name="skyscraperCenter" />
| main_contractor = ]
}} }}


'''7 World Trade Center''' ('''7 WTC''') refers to two buildings that have existed at the same location within the ] in ], ]. The original structure, part of the ], was completed in 1987 and was destroyed in the ] in 2001. The current structure opened in May 2006. Both buildings were developed by ], who holds a ] for the site from the ]. '''7 World Trade Center''' ('''7 WTC''', '''WTC-7''', or '''Tower 7''') is an office building constructed as part of the new ] in ], ]. The tower is located on a city block bounded by Greenwich, ], ], and Barclay Streets on the east, south, west, and north, respectively. 7 World Trade Center was developed by ], who holds a ] for the site from the ], and designed by ].


The building was constructed to replace ], part of the ]. The previous structure, completed in 1987, was destroyed in the ] in 2001. Construction of the new {{nowrap|7 World}} Trade Center began in 2002 and was completed on May 23, 2006. The building is {{nowrap|52 stories}} tall (plus one underground floor), making it the ].<ref name="skyscraperCenter"/> It is built on a smaller footprint than the original; a small park across Greenwich Street occupies space that was part of the original building's footprint.
The original {{nowrap|7 World}} Trade Center was {{nowrap|47 stories}} tall, clad in red masonry, and occupied a ]al footprint. An elevated walkway connected the building to the World Trade Center plaza. The building was situated above a ] power substation, which imposed unique structural design constraints. When the building opened in 1987, Silverstein had difficulties attracting tenants. ] signed a long-term lease in 1988 and became the main tenants of {{Nowrap|7 WTC}}.


The current building's design emphasizes safety, with a ] core, wider stairways, and thicker fireproofing on steel columns. It also incorporates numerous ] features. The building received the U.S. Green Building Council's ] (LEED) Gold certification and was part of the council's pilot program for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design – Core and Shell Development (LEED-CS).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wtc.com/about/office-tower-7/office-tower-7-green |title=About the WTC |publisher=Wtc.com |access-date=May 14, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528045715/http://www.wtc.com/about/office-tower-7/office-tower-7-green |archive-date=May 28, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>
On September 11, 2001, the structure was damaged by debris when the nearby North Tower of the ]. The debris also ignited fires, which continued to burn throughout the afternoon on lower floors of the building. The building's internal fire suppression system lacked water pressure to fight the fires, and the building collapsed completely at {{nowrap|5:21:10 pm}}, according to ],<ref name="fema-ch5" />{{rp|23}} while the 2008 NIST study placed the final collapse time at {{nowrap|5:20:52 pm}}.<ref name="ncstar1-a" />{{rp|19, 21, 50–51}} The collapse began when a critical internal column buckled and triggered structural failure throughout, which was first visible from the exterior with the crumbling of a rooftop penthouse structure at 5:20:33&nbsp;pm. The collapse made the old 7 World Trade Center the first tall building known to have collapsed primarily due to uncontrolled fires,<ref name="nist-questions" /> and at the time, the only steel skyscraper in the world to have collapsed due to fire.<ref name="bbc20080704" />
<!-- ==Site== -->


==History==
Construction of the new {{nowrap|7 World}} Trade Center began in 2002 and was completed in 2006. The building is {{nowrap|52 stories}} tall (plus one underground floor), making it the 28th-tallest in New York.<ref name="skyscraperCenter" /><ref name="som" /><ref name="Silverstein Properties" /> It is built on a smaller footprint than the original, and is bounded by Greenwich, ], ], and Barclay Streets on the east, south, west, and north, respectively. A small park across Greenwich Street occupies space that was part of the original building's footprint. The current building's design emphasizes safety, with a ] core, wider stairways, and thicker fireproofing of steel columns. It also incorporates numerous ] features. The building was the first commercial office building in New York City to receive the U.S. Green Building Council's ] (LEED) certification, where it won a gold rating. It was also one of the first projects accepted to be part of the Council's pilot program for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design – Core and Shell Development (LEED-CS).<ref name="wZ43A" />


The ] was a 47-story ] with a red ] facade.<ref name="NCSTAR 1-1-p13">{{cite book |title=Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Structural and Life Safety Systems (NCSTAR 1-1) |publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology |page=13 |last1=Lew |first1=H.S. |first2=Richard W. |last2=Bukowski |first3=Nicholas J. |last3=Carino |date=September 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=114932 |publisher=Emporis.com |title=Seven World Trade Center (pre-9/11) |access-date=May 7, 2006 |archive-date=April 28, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060428020754/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=114932 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> It opened in 1987 as part of the original ] building complex.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/history-wtc.html |title=History of the World Trade Center |work=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey |access-date=May 26, 2015 |archive-date=June 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607110234/https://www.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/history-wtc.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> The ] caused the ]; falling debris from the collapsing 110-story ] destroyed or severely damaged nearby buildings, including ], which collapsed shortly thereafter.<ref name="nyt-2002-02-12">{{Cite news |last1=Glanz |first1=James |last2=Lipton |first2=Eric |date=February 12, 2002 |title=Rescuing the Buildings Beyond Ground Zero |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/12/nyregion/rescuing-the-buildings-beyond-ground-zero.html |url-status=live |access-date=September 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401004744/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/12/nyregion/rescuing-the-buildings-beyond-ground-zero.html |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
=={{anchor|Original building}}Original building (1987–2001)==
<!--] is linked from ]-->


{{Stack|float=left|
===Design and layout===
]
{{multiple image
|align=left
|width=167
|image1=World Trade Center, New York City - aerial view (March 2001).jpg
|caption1=Original 7 World Trade Center, the red-tinted building behind and to the left of the Twin Towers (View from southwest)
|image2=Wtc7 from wtc observation deck.jpg
|caption2=The original 7&nbsp;World Trade Center from the WTC observation deck
}} }}
{{New World Trade Center}}
]
The original 7&nbsp;World Trade Center was a 47-story building, designed by ], with a red ] facade. The building was {{convert|610|ft|m}} tall, with a ]al footprint that was {{convert|330|ft|m|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|140|ft|m|abbr=on}} wide.<ref name="NCSTAR 1-1-p13" /><ref name="emporis1" /> ] managed construction of the building.<ref name="NCSTAR 1-1-p13" /> The ground-breaking ceremony was hosted on October 2, 1984.<ref name=":2" /> The building opened in May 1987, becoming the seventh structure of the ].<ref name="59voH" />


===Construction===
7 World Trade Center was constructed above a two-story ] ] that had been located on the site since 1967.<ref name="NCSTAR 1-9-ch2" /><ref name=":2" /> The substation had a ] foundation designed to carry the weight of a future building of 25&nbsp;stories containing {{convert|600,000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}.<ref name="salvarinas" /> The final design for 7&nbsp;World Trade Center was for a much larger building than originally planned when the substation was built.<ref name="03vhN" />{{rp|xxxviii}} The structural design of 7&nbsp;World Trade Center therefore included a system of gravity column transfer trusses and girders, located between floors&nbsp;5 and 7, to transfer loads to the smaller foundation.<ref name="ncstar1-a" />{{rp|5}} Existing caissons installed in 1967 were used, along with new ones, to accommodate the building. The 5th floor functioned as a structural diaphragm, providing lateral stability and distribution of loads between the new and old caissons. Above the 7th floor, the building's structure was a typical ] design, with columns in the core and on the perimeter, and lateral loads resisted by perimeter moment frames.<ref name="salvarinas" />
]
The construction phase of the new 7 World Trade Center began on May 7, 2002, with the installation of a fence around the construction site.<ref name="nyt-7wtcstart" /> Restoring the ] substation was an urgent priority to meet power demands of Lower Manhattan; the utility stated that it needed to replace four of the ten destroyed transformers by 2003.<ref name="nyt-20020411">{{cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W |date=April 11, 2002 |title=21st-Century Plans, but Along 18th-Century Paths |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/11/nyregion/blocks-21st-century-plans-but-along-18th-century-paths.html |url-status=live |access-date=February 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080325193831/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9405E4D91F3DF932A25757C0A9649C8B63 |archive-date=March 25, 2008 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Because 7&nbsp;World Trade Center is separate from the main {{convert|16|acre|ha|adj=on}} ], ] required approval only from the landowner, the ], before he could rebuild the tower.<ref>{{cite news |title=Developer's Pace at 7 World Trade Center Upsets Some |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |date=January 31, 2002 |last=Bagli |first=Charles V |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/31/nyregion/developer-s-pace-at-7-world-trade-center-upsets-some.html |access-date=February 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080325201844/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C01E4DD1F3AF932A05752C0A9649C8B63 |archive-date=March 25, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> Construction of the power substation was completed in October 2003,<ref name="Post 2005" /> and the substation went into service in May 2004.<ref name="Dunlap 2004 s119">{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=May 25, 2004 |title=A New Source Of Power Rises Over Ground Zero |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/25/nyregion/a-new-source-of-power-rises-over-ground-zero.html |access-date=December 8, 2023 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=December 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208021608/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/25/nyregion/a-new-source-of-power-rises-over-ground-zero.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


Work next proceeded on the office tower itself. An unusual approach was used in constructing the building; erecting the steel frame before adding the concrete core. This approach allowed the construction schedule to be shortened by a few months.<ref name="Post 2005">{{cite news |title=Strategy for Seven World Trade Center Exceeds Expectations |last=Post |first=Nadine M |work=Engineering News Record |date=September 12, 2005 |url=http://archrecord.construction.com/news/wtc/archives/050912seven.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210044447/http://archrecord.construction.com/news/wtc/archives/050912seven.asp |archive-date=December 10, 2005 |access-date=February 17, 2008}}</ref> By July 2005, ] was planning to lease {{convert|20000|ft2}} of space, making it the building's first tenant.<ref name="Fried 2005 n252">{{cite web | last=Fried | first=Joseph P. | title=7 World Trade Center Is Said to Be Close to Signing Its First Tenant | website=The New York Times | date=July 26, 2005 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/26/nyregion/7-world-trade-center-is-said-to-be-close-to-signing-its-first.html | access-date=December 8, 2023 | issn=0362-4331 | archive-date=December 8, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208011856/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/26/nyregion/7-world-trade-center-is-said-to-be-close-to-signing-its-first.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Lisberg 2005 s891">{{cite web | last=Lisberg | first=Adam | title=AMEX IS ON WAY TO 7 WTC. It'll be first real tenant | website=New York Daily News | date=July 25, 2005 | url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2005/07/25/amex-is-on-way-to-7-wtc-itll-be-first-real-tenant/ | access-date=December 8, 2023 | archive-date=December 8, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208011856/https://www.nydailynews.com/2005/07/25/amex-is-on-way-to-7-wtc-itll-be-first-real-tenant/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Although Silverstein intended for the building's design to attract tenants, he wanted occupants to pay {{cvt|50|$/ft2}} to lease space by 2005, which ''New York'' magazine called "easily the highest price in lower Manhattan".<ref name="Kolker 2019 k885" />
A shipping and receiving ramp, which served the entire World Trade Center complex, occupied the eastern quarter of the 7&nbsp;World Trade Center footprint. The building was open below the 3rd floor, providing space for truck clearance on the shipping ramp.<ref name="salvarinas" /> The spray-on ] for structural steel elements was ]-based ], which had a two-hour fire rating for steel beams, girders and trusses, and a three-hour rating for columns.<ref name="fema-ch5" />{{rp|11}}


Construction was completed in 2006 at a cost of $700&nbsp;million.<ref name="ar-June2006">{{cite news |date=May 17, 2006 |title=Major Step at Ground Zero: 7 World Trade Center Opening |work=Architectural Record |url=http://archrecord.construction.com/news/wtc/archives/060517opening.asp |access-date=February 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060522024049/http://archrecord.construction.com/news/wtc/archives/060517opening.asp |archive-date=May 22, 2006}}</ref> Though Silverstein received $861&nbsp;million from insurance on the old building, he owed more than $400&nbsp;million on its mortgage.<ref>{{cite news |last=Herman |first=Eric |date=May 31, 2002 |title=No Tenants for New 7 WTC, Construction to Begin with Financing in Doubt |work=Daily News (New York)}}</ref> Costs to rebuild were covered by $475&nbsp;million in ], which provide tax-exempt financing to help stimulate rebuilding in Lower Manhattan and insurance money that remained after other expenses.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pristin |first=Terry |date=July 12, 2006 |title=A Pot of Tax-Free Bonds for Post-9/11 Projects Is Empty |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/12/realestate/12liberty.html |url-status=live |access-date=February 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423101613/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/12/realestate/12liberty.html |archive-date=April 23, 2009 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
Mechanical equipment was installed on floors four through seven, including 12&nbsp;]s on the 5th floor. Several ] installed in the building were used by the ], ], and other tenants.<ref name="fema-ch5" />{{rp|13}} In order to supply the generators, 24,000&nbsp;gallons (91,000&nbsp;L) of ] were stored below ground level.<ref name="hk1Ii" /> Diesel fuel distribution components were located at ground level, up to the ninth floor.<ref name="othlB" />{{rp|35}} After the ] of February 26, 1993, New York City mayor ] decided to situate the emergency command center and associated fuel tanks at 7&nbsp;World Trade Center. Although this decision was criticized in light of the events of ], the fuel in the building is today not believed to have contributed to the collapse of the building.<ref name="QTTaJ" /><ref name="NIST Advisory Committee Dec 2007" />{{rp|2}} The roof of the building included a small west penthouse and a larger east mechanical penthouse.<ref name="NCSTAR 1-9-ch2" />


A {{convert|15,000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} triangular park was created between the extended Greenwich Street and West Broadway by David Childs with Ken Smith and his colleague, Annie Weinmayr, of Ken Smith Landscape Architect. The park comprises an open central plaza with a fountain and flanking groves of ] trees and ] shrubs.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nyas.org/publications/updateUnbound.asp?updateID=66 |title=A Prism with Prose&nbsp;— Seven World Trade Center |last=Collins |first=Glenn |date=July–August 2006 |work=Update Unbound |publisher=New York Academy of Science |access-date=February 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225092859/http://www.nyas.org/publications/updateUnbound.asp?updateID=66 |archive-date=February 25, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> At the center of the fountain, sculptor ] created a {{convert|9|ft|m|-tall|adj=mid}} stainless steel sculpture called ''Balloon Flower (Red)''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Luster of 7 World Trade Center Has Tattered Reminder of 9/11 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |date=May 24, 2006 |last=Dunlap |first=David W |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/24/nyregion/247wtc.html |access-date=March 20, 2017 |archive-date=March 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322112331/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/24/nyregion/247wtc.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
Each floor had {{convert|47,000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} of rentable office space, which made the building's floor plans considerably larger than most office buildings in the City.<ref name="P80dF" />
In all, 7&nbsp;World Trade Center had {{convert|1,868,000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} of office space.<ref name="fema-ch5" />{{rp|1}} Two pedestrian bridges connected the main World Trade Center complex, across Vesey Street, to the third floor of 7&nbsp;World Trade Center. The lobby of 7&nbsp;World Trade Center held three murals by artist ]: ''The Third Circle'', ''Pan North XII'', and ''Vorces VII''.<ref name="2oY0K" />


===Completion and early years===
===Tenants===
====<span class="anchor" id="Opening"></span>2000s====
]
The building was officially opened on May 23, 2006.<ref name="Stevenson 2006 w809">{{cite web |last=Stevenson |first=Peter |date=May 23, 2006 |title=Building Opens At 7 World Trade Center |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/building-opens-at-7-world-trade-center/ |access-date=December 9, 2023 |website=CBS News |archive-date=December 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209010517/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/building-opens-at-7-world-trade-center/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The opening was marked by a free concert featuring ], ], Bill Ware Vibes, ], ], ], ] (of the ]), and special guest ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/7_world_trade_center_50451.aspx |title=7 World Trade Center Opens with Musical Fanfare |publisher=Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) |date=May 22, 2006 |access-date=July 27, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809115805/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/7_world_trade_center_50451.aspx |archive-date=August 9, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="WaPo-7WTCOpens-2006">{{Cite news |last=Westfeldt |first=Amy |date=May 23, 2006 |title=First Rebuilt Skyscraper at WTC Opens |language=en-US |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/23/AR2006052301328.html |url-status=live |access-date=April 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424071647/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/23/AR2006052301328.html |archive-date=April 24, 2018 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Prior to its opening, in March 2006, the new building was used as a filming location for the movie '']''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_149/undercover.html |title=Under Cover, Tower 7 is no 'Stranger' to fame |date=March 2006 |publisher=Downtown Express |access-date=February 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221224329/http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_149/undercover.html |archive-date=February 21, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>


The building was 10 percent leased by August&nbsp;2006.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ny1.com/ny1/content/index.jsp?stid=203&aid=62235 |title=9/11: Five Years Later: 7 World Trade Open For Business, Lacking Tenants |publisher=NY1 News |date=August 31, 2006 |last=Spitz |first=Rebecca |access-date=February 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215011910/http://www.ny1.com/ny1/content/index.jsp?stid=203&aid=62235 |archive-date=February 15, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Several of the unoccupied upper floors were used for events such as charity lunches, fashion shows, and black-tie galas. Silverstein Properties allowed space in the new building to be used for these events as a means to draw people to see the building.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nysun.com/article/54369?page_no=2 |title=The City's Hottest Event Space? Try 7 World Trade Center |last=Birkner |first=Gabrielle |work=New York Sun |date=May 14, 2007 |access-date=February 17, 2008 |archive-date=March 30, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080330082012/http://www2.nysun.com/article/54369?page_no=2 |url-status=live}}</ref> From September 8 to October 7, 2006, the work of photographer Jonathan Hyman was displayed in "An American Landscape", a free exhibit hosted by the ],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Turner|first1=Kay|last2=Merrill|first2=James|date=2009|title=September 11: The Burden of the Ephemeral|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40600535|journal=Western Folklore|volume=68|issue=2/3|pages=197–198|jstor=40600535 |issn=0043-373X|access-date=December 8, 2023|archive-date=December 8, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208023151/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40600535|url-status=live}}</ref> on the 45th floor of 7&nbsp;World Trade Center.<ref name="Lipton 2006 f733">{{cite web | last=Lipton | first=Jeff | title=9/11 museum takes shapeFormer Five Towner leads creation of memorial | website=Herald Community Newspapers | date=September 7, 2006 | url=https://www.liherald.com/stories/911-museum-takes-shapeformer-five-towner-leads-creation-of-memorial,7169 | access-date=December 8, 2023 | archive-date=December 8, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208023152/https://www.liherald.com/stories/911-museum-takes-shapeformer-five-towner-leads-creation-of-memorial,7169 | url-status=live }}</ref> The exhibit consisted of 63 photographs that captured Americans' responses after the September 11 attacks.<ref name="The Associated Press 2006 p625">{{cite news | agency=The Associated Press | title=Two Photo Exhibits Open Near WTC Site | website=The Denver Post | date=August 8, 2006 | url=https://www.denverpost.com/2006/08/08/two-photo-exhibits-open-near-wtc-site/ | access-date=December 8, 2023 | archive-date=December 8, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208023151/https://www.denverpost.com/2006/08/08/two-photo-exhibits-open-near-wtc-site/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Davis 2006 r765">{{cite web | last=Davis | first=Nicole | title=Moving on, despite the pull of the past, at 9/11 exhibit | website=amNewYork | date=August 31, 2006 | url=https://www.amny.com/news/moving-on-despite-the-pull-of-the-past-at-9-11-exhibit/ | access-date=December 8, 2023 | archive-date=December 8, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208024653/https://www.amny.com/news/moving-on-despite-the-pull-of-the-past-at-9-11-exhibit/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
In June 1986, before construction was completed, developer ] signed ] as a tenant to lease the entire 7&nbsp;World Trade Center building for $3&nbsp;billion over a term of 30&nbsp;years.<ref name="2QyUi" />
In December 1986, after the ] ] scandal, Drexel Burnham Lambert canceled the lease, leaving Silverstein to find other tenants.<ref name="0mIGD" />
Spicer & Oppenheim agreed to lease 14&nbsp;percent of the space, but for more than a year, as ] and other factors adversely affected the ] real estate market, Silverstein was unable to find tenants for the remaining space. By April 1988, he had lowered the rent and made other concessions.<ref name="W0lre" />


In September 2006, ] signed a 20-year lease for 15&nbsp;floors at 7&nbsp;World Trade Center;<ref>See:<br/>{{cite news |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Moody's+signs+on+dotted+line+at+7WTC.-a0152640728 |title=Moody's signs on dotted line at 7WTC |work=Real Estate Weekly |date=September 20, 2006 |access-date=May 5, 2022 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120175733/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Moody%27s+signs+on+dotted+line+at+7WTC.-a0152640728 |url-status=live}}<br/>{{cite news |url=http://gothamist.com/2006/06/20/pricey_midtown.php |title=Pricey Midtown Rents Mean Big Tenant for 7 WTC |date=June 20, 2006 |publisher=Gothamist |access-date=February 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221134128/http://gothamist.com/2006/06/20/pricey_midtown.php |archive-date=February 21, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Bagli 2006 m521"/> prior to Moody's lease, only eight floors had been occupied.<ref name="Bagli 2006 m521">{{cite web | last=Bagli | first=Charles V. | title=7 World Trade Center Gets a Major Tenant | website=The New York Times | date=June 20, 2006 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/20/nyregion/7-world-trade-center-gets-a-major-tenant.html | access-date=December 8, 2023 | issn=0362-4331 | archive-date=December 8, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208011856/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/20/nyregion/7-world-trade-center-gets-a-major-tenant.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Other tenants that had signed leases in 7&nbsp;World Trade Center in its first two years included ],<ref>{{cite web |title=Lower Manhattan: A Relative Bargain but Filling Up Fast |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |date=February 28, 2007 |last=Pristin |first=Terry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/28/realestate/commercial/28downtown.html |access-date=March 20, 2017 |archive-date=March 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322112257/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/28/realestate/commercial/28downtown.html |url-status=live}}</ref> ] Inc.,<ref name="WaPo-7WTCOpens-2006" /> ],<ref name="Observer 2007 u480">{{cite web |date=April 10, 2007 |title=7 World Trade Snags Two New Leases |url=https://observer.com/2007/04/7-world-trade-snags-two-new-leases/ |access-date=December 8, 2023 |website=Observer |archive-date=December 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208021608/https://observer.com/2007/04/7-world-trade-snags-two-new-leases/ |url-status=live }}</ref> publisher ],<ref name="Sosnowski 2006 j197">{{cite web |last=Sosnowski |first=Tom |date=July 26, 2006 |title=7 WTC Inks Mansueto to 40,000 SF |url=https://www.globest.com/sites/globest/2006/07/26/7-wtc-inks-mansueto-to-40000-sf/?slreturn=20231107204425 |access-date=December 8, 2023 |website=GlobeSt |archive-date=December 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208021618/https://www.globest.com/sites/globest/2006/07/26/7-wtc-inks-mansueto-to-40000-sf/?slreturn=20231107204425 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Dunlap 2006 v054">{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=October 30, 2006 |title=For Science Academy, Move to World Trade Center Is Like Going Home |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/30/nyregion/30wtc.html |access-date=December 8, 2023 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=December 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208021609/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/30/nyregion/30wtc.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and the ].<ref name="Dunlap 2006 v054" /><ref name="WaPo-7WTCOpens-2006" /> ] also had offices<ref name="Stevenson 2006 w809" /> and the Silver Suites executive office suites at 7 World Trade Center.<ref>{{cite news |title=Seeing Big Promise in Manhattan Corporate Apartments |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/30/realestate/commercial/silverstein-properties-adding-more-corporate-apartments-in-manhattan.html |last=Levere |first=Jane |date=January 29, 2013 |access-date=April 30, 2013 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=March 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304083757/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/30/realestate/commercial/silverstein-properties-adding-more-corporate-apartments-in-manhattan.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Architectural and engineering firms working on ], ], ], and ] also set up offices in the building.<ref>See:<br/>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/25/nyregion/25blocks.html |title=What a View to Behold, And It's Really Something |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |date=January 25, 2007 |last=Dunlap |first=David W |access-date=February 4, 2017 |archive-date=March 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322112619/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/25/nyregion/25blocks.html |url-status=live}}<br/>{{cite news |title=Behind the Scenes, Three Towers Take Shape |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |date=January 18, 2007 |last=Dunlap |first=David W |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/18/nyregion/18blocks.html |access-date=February 4, 2017 |archive-date=March 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322112251/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/18/nyregion/18blocks.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Two-thirds of the building's office space had been leased by April 2007.<ref name="Observer 2007 u480" /> After ABN AMRO was acquired by the ], ] services provider ] subleased some of the Royal Bank of Scotland's space in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |last=Geminder |first=Emily |date=November 30, 2009 |title=Midtown, Schmidtown! Currency Trader FXDD Subleases 40K Feet in 7 WTC |url=https://observer.com/2009/11/midtown-schmidtown-currency-trader-fxdd-subleases-40k-feet-in-7-wtc/ |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=Observer |archive-date=July 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728055306/https://observer.com/2009/11/midtown-schmidtown-currency-trader-fxdd-subleases-40k-feet-in-7-wtc/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
In November 1988, ] withdrew from plans to build a large new complex at ] in ], and agreed to a 20-year lease for the top 19 floors of 7&nbsp;World Trade Center.<ref name="x8QNG" /> The building was extensively renovated in 1989 to accommodate the needs of Salomon Brothers. This led to the alternative naming of the building as the Salomon Brothers building.<ref name="Salomonsolution" /> Most of three existing floors were removed as tenants continued to occupy other floors, and more than 350&nbsp;tons (U.S.) of steel were added to construct three double-height trading floors. Nine diesel generators were installed on the 5th floor as part of a backup power station. "Essentially, Salomon is constructing a building within a building – and it's an occupied building, which complicates the situation", said a district manager of ]. The unusual task was possible, said Larry Silverstein, because it was designed to allow for "entire portions of floors to be removed without affecting the building's structural integrity, on the assumption that someone might need double-height floors."<ref name="Salomonsolution" />


====2010s to present====
At the time of the September 11, 2001, attacks, Salomon Smith Barney was by far the largest tenant in 7&nbsp;World Trade Center, occupying {{convert|1,202,900|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} (64&nbsp;percent of the building) which included floors 28–45.<ref name="fema-ch5" />{{rp|2}}<ref name="tenants" /> Other major tenants included ] (122,590&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft/11,400&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>), ] Bank International (106,117&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft/9,900&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>), ] (111,398&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft/10,350&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>), and the ] (106,117&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft/9,850&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>).<ref name="tenants" /> Smaller tenants included the ] Regional Council (90,430&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft/8,400&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>) and the ] (85,343&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft/7,900&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>).<ref name="tenants" /> The smallest tenants included the ],<ref name="R000978" /> ], ], First State Management Group Inc., ], and the ].<ref name="tenants" /> The ] (DOD) and ] (CIA) shared the 25th floor with the IRS.<ref name="fema-ch5" />{{rp|2}} (The clandestine CIA office was revealed only after the 9/11 attacks.)<ref name="RYPLi" /> Floors 46–47 were mechanical floors, as were the bottom six floors and part of the seventh floor.<ref name="fema-ch5" />{{rp|2}}<ref name="RYPLi" />
The law firm ] signed {{Convert|200,000|ft2}} at the building in April 2011.<ref name="Colvin 2011 n274">{{cite web |last=Colvin |first=Jill |date=April 5, 2011 |title=Law Firm Signs City's First 'Green Lease' for 7 World Trade Center |url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20110405/downtown/law-firm-signs-citys-first-green-lease-for-7-world-trade-center/ |access-date=December 8, 2023 |website=DNAinfo New York |archive-date=December 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208092329/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20110405/downtown/law-firm-signs-citys-first-green-lease-for-7-world-trade-center/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The building became fully leased that September after ] agreed to occupy {{convert|125,000|sqft|m2}} on the top floor;<ref>{{cite web | last=Chaban | first=Matt | title=Zero Ground: 7 World Trade Center Now Fully Leased | website=Observer | date=September 19, 2011 | url=https://observer.com/2011/09/zero-ground-7-world-trade-center-now-fully-leased/ | access-date=August 20, 2022 | archive-date=August 20, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820191014/https://observer.com/2011/09/zero-ground-7-world-trade-center-now-fully-leased/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=7 World Trade Center Skyscraper Fully Leased | website=NBC New York | date=September 19, 2011 | url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/7-world-trade-center-skyscraper-fully-leased/1907450/ | access-date=August 20, 2022 | archive-date=August 20, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820191015/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/7-world-trade-center-skyscraper-fully-leased/1907450/ | url-status=live }}</ref> other tenants at the time included FXDD, WilmerHale, and the bank ].<ref name="The Real Deal 2011 f611">{{cite web |date=September 19, 2011 |title=7 WTC fully leased as MSCI signs for 125,000 square feet |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2011/09/19/larry-silverstein-s-7-world-trade-center-is-fully-leased-thanks-to-deal-with-msci-brokered-by-cushman-wakefield-and-cb-richard-ellis/ |access-date=December 8, 2023 |website=The Real Deal |archive-date=December 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208021608/https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2011/09/19/larry-silverstein-s-7-world-trade-center-is-fully-leased-thanks-to-deal-with-msci-brokered-by-cushman-wakefield-and-cb-richard-ellis/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Following this, Silverstein announced in 2012 that he would refinance the building with a $452.8 million Liberty bond issue and a $125 million ] loan.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hlavenka |first=Jacqueline |date=March 19, 2012 |title=Silverstein To Refinance $577M in Bonds at 7 WTC |url=https://www.globest.com/sites/globest/2012/03/19/silverstein-to-refinance-577m-in-bonds-at-7-wtc/ |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=GlobeSt |archive-date=July 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729142917/https://www.globest.com/sites/globest/2012/03/19/silverstein-to-refinance-577m-in-bonds-at-7-wtc/?slreturn=20220629102916 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="wsj-2012-03-19">{{Cite news |last=Brown |first=Eliot |date=March 19, 2012 |title=For Silverstein, Time to Celebrate |language=en-US |work=] |url=https://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304636404577289771539018252.html |access-date=July 28, 2022 |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=June 30, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630000733/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304636404577289771539018252.html |url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, the building was valued at $940 million, in large part because it was fully occupied.<ref name="wsj-2012-03-19" /> FXDD subleased its space to engineering company ] in 2015<ref>{{Cite web |last=Santani |first=Hitem |date=March 4, 2015 |title=A firm key to the rebuilding of 7WTC will now call it home |url=https://therealdeal.com/2015/03/04/a-firm-key-to-the-rebuilding-of-7wtc-will-now-call-it-home/ |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=The Real Deal New York |language=en-US |archive-date=July 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728055307/https://therealdeal.com/2015/03/04/a-firm-key-to-the-rebuilding-of-7wtc-will-now-call-it-home/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and artificial intelligence firm ] in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cullen |first=Terence |date=June 9, 2016 |title=Artificial Intelligence Company IPsoft Takes 27K SF at 7 WTC |url=https://commercialobserver.com/2016/06/artificial-intelligence-company-ipsoft-takes-27k-sf-in-sub-sublease-at-7-wtc/ |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=Commercial Observer |archive-date=July 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728055307/https://commercialobserver.com/2016/06/artificial-intelligence-company-ipsoft-takes-27k-sf-in-sub-sublease-at-7-wtc/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The building was 94.8&nbsp;percent occupied by 2017. By then, roughly three-quarters of the space was occupied by four tenants, including ], the Royal Bank of Scotland, and WilmerHale.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gourarie |first=Chava |date=December 1, 2017 |title=Fitch upgrades CMBS debt on 7 WTC |url=https://therealdeal.com/2017/12/01/fitch-upgrades-cmbs-debt-on-7-wtc/ |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=The Real Deal New York |archive-date=July 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728055307/https://therealdeal.com/2017/12/01/fitch-upgrades-cmbs-debt-on-7-wtc/ |url-status=live}}</ref>


Wedding planning company ]<ref>{{cite web |last=Kim |first=Betsy |date=January 17, 2019 |title=Zola Gets Hitched to 7 WTC |url=https://www.globest.com/2019/01/17/zola-gets-hitched-to-7-wtc/ |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=GlobeSt |archive-date=July 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729142916/https://www.globest.com/2019/01/17/zola-gets-hitched-to-7-wtc/?slreturn=20220629102916 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the building's own architecture firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill both leased space at 7&nbsp;WTC in early 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last=Baird-Remba |first=Rebecca |date=May 6, 2019 |title=Architecture Firm SOM Nails Down 80K SF at 7 WTC |url=https://commercialobserver.com/2019/05/architecture-firm-som-nails-down-80k-sf-at-7-wtc/ |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=Commercial Observer |archive-date=July 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728055306/https://commercialobserver.com/2019/05/architecture-firm-som-nails-down-80k-sf-at-7-wtc/ |url-status=live}}</ref> This was followed in July 2019 by luxury drink brand ]<ref>{{cite web |last=Rizzi |first=Nicholas |date=July 2, 2019 |title=Moët Hennessy Ditching Chelsea for 7 WTC |url=https://commercialobserver.com/2019/07/moet-hennessy-lease-7-world-trade-center-silverstein-properties/ |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=Commercial Observer |archive-date=July 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728055305/https://commercialobserver.com/2019/07/moet-hennessy-lease-7-world-trade-center-silverstein-properties/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Real Estate Weekly 20192">{{cite web |date=July 11, 2019 |title=Itʼs raining deals at 7 World Trade Center |url=https://rew-online.com/itʼs-raining-deals-at-7-world-trade-center/ |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=Real Estate Weekly |archive-date=July 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728065317/https://rew-online.com/it%CA%BCs-raining-deals-at-7-world-trade-center/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and media company ].<ref name="Real Estate Weekly 20192" /> After Mansueto Ventures and three other firms leased space at 7&nbsp;WTC in April 2022, the building was 97 percent occupied.<ref>{{cite web |last=Young |first=Celia |date=April 7, 2022 |title=Publisher, Investment Manager Each Take 40K SF at 7 WTC |url=https://commercialobserver.com/2022/04/capstone-mansueto-ventures-7-wtc/ |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=Commercial Observer |archive-date=July 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729142914/https://commercialobserver.com/2022/04/capstone-mansueto-ventures-7-wtc/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Real Estate Weekly 2022">{{cite web |date=April 9, 2022 |title=Silverstein Properties signs four leases at 7 World Trade Center |url=https://rew-online.com/silverstein-properties-signs-four-leases-at-7-world-trade-center/ |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=Real Estate Weekly |archive-date=July 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728055308/https://rew-online.com/silverstein-properties-signs-four-leases-at-7-world-trade-center/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Shortly afterward, Silverstein Properties refinanced the property with a $458 million loan from ].<ref name="Real Estate Weekly 2022" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 7, 2022 |title=Silverstein Scores $458M Refinancing at 7 World Trade Center |url=https://therealdeal.com/2022/04/07/silverstein-refis-7-world-trade-with-458m-in-green-bonds/ |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=The Real Deal New York |language=en-US |archive-date=May 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518163635/https://therealdeal.com/2022/04/07/silverstein-refis-7-world-trade-with-458m-in-green-bonds/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Morphy |first=Erika |date=April 7, 2022 |title=7 World Trade Center Lands 104k-SF in Leases; Secures $457.5M Refi |url=https://www.globest.com/2022/04/07/7-world-trade-center-lands-104k-sf-in-leases-secures-457-5m-refi/ |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=GlobeSt |archive-date=July 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729142917/https://www.globest.com/2022/04/07/7-world-trade-center-lands-104k-sf-in-leases-secures-457-5m-refi/?slreturn=20220629102916 |url-status=live}}</ref>
===9/11 and collapse===
{{See also|Collapse of the World Trade Center#Building 7 collapse}} ]
]


====Collapse==== == Architecture ==
The new 7&nbsp;World Trade Center has 52&nbsp;stories and is {{convert|741|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall.<ref>See:<br />{{cite web |title=7 World Trade Center |url=http://www.wtc.com/about/office-tower-7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091230021527/http://www.wtc.com/about/office-tower-7 |archive-date=December 30, 2009 |access-date=January 9, 2010 |publisher=World Trade Center}}<br />{{cite news |last=Ramirez |first=Anthony |date=September 30, 2004 |title=Construction Worker Dies in Fall at Trade Center Site |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/30/nyregion/30accident.html |url-status=live |access-date=May 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505031123/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/30/nyregion/construction-worker-dies-in-fall-at-trade-center-site.html |archive-date=May 5, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The building has 42&nbsp;floors of leasable space, starting at the 11th floor, and a total of {{convert|1.7|e6sqft|m2|abbr=unit}} of office space.<ref>{{cite web |title=Seven World Trade Center (post-9/11) |url=http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=170407 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929224333/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=170407 |archive-date=September 29, 2007 |access-date=November 22, 2007 |publisher=Emporis.com}}</ref> The first ten floors house an electrical substation which provides power to much of Lower Manhattan. The office tower has a narrower footprint at ground level than did its predecessor, so the course of Greenwich Street could be restored to reunite ] and the ]. The original building, on the other hand, had bordered West Broadway on the east, necessitating the destruction of Greenwich Street between Barclay Street and the northern border of the World Trade Center superblock.<ref name="nyt-20020411" />
As the North Tower collapsed on September 11, 2001, heavy debris hit 7&nbsp;World Trade Center, damaging the south face of the building<ref name="NIST-june2004" />{{rp|18 (PDF p. 22)}} and starting fires that continued to burn throughout the afternoon.<ref name="ncstar1-a" />{{rp|16, 18}} The collapse also caused damage to the southwest corner between floors 7 and 17 and on the south face between Floor 44 and the roof; other possible structural damage included a large vertical gash near the center of the south face between Floors 24 and 41.<ref name="ncstar1-a" />{{rp|17}} The building was equipped with a ], but had many single-point vulnerabilities for failure: the sprinkler system required manual initiation of the electrical fire pumps, rather than being a fully automatic system; the floor-level controls had a single connection to the sprinkler water riser, and the sprinkler system required some power for the ] to deliver water.<ref name="xe8mP" />{{rp|11}} Additionally, water pressure was low, with little or no water to feed sprinklers.<ref name="eQl3H" />{{Rp|23–30}}


===Facade===
After the North Tower collapsed, some firefighters entered 7&nbsp;World Trade Center to search the building. They attempted to extinguish small pockets of fire, but low water pressure hindered their efforts.<ref name="lr3En" /> Over the course of the day, fires burned out of control on several floors of 7 World Trade Center, the flames visible on the east side of the building.<ref name="4qq59" /> During the afternoon, the fire was also seen on floors 6–10, 13–14, 19–22, and 29–30.<ref name="NIST-june2004" />{{rp|24 (PDF p. 28)}} In particular, the fires on floors 7 through 9 and 11 through 13 continued to burn out of control during the afternoon.<ref name="nist-questions" /> At approximately 2:00&nbsp;pm, firefighters noticed a bulge in the southwest corner of 7&nbsp;World Trade Center between the 10th and 13th floors, a sign that the building was unstable and might collapse.<ref name="hayden" /> During the afternoon, firefighters also heard creaking sounds coming from the building.<ref name="19xch" /> Around 3:30&nbsp;pm, FDNY Chief ] decided to halt rescue operations, surface removal, and searches along the surface of the debris near 7&nbsp;World Trade Center and evacuate the area due to concerns for the safety of personnel.<ref name="S0RDT" /> The fire expanded the girders of the building, causing some to lose their structural integrity. This led column number 79, a critical column supporting a large part of the 13th floor, to buckle, causing the floors above it to collapse to the fifth floor; however, this could not be seen from outside the building. The structure also developed cracks in the facade just before the entire building started to fall.<ref name="ncstar1-a" />{{rp|21}}<ref name=":0" /> According to FEMA, this collapse started at 5:20:33&nbsp;pm EDT when the east mechanical penthouse started crumbling.<ref name="fema-ch5" />{{rp|23}}<ref name=":1" /> Differing times are given as to what time the building completely collapsed:<ref name=":1" /> at 5:21:10&nbsp;pm EDT according to FEMA,<ref name="fema-ch5" />{{rp|23}} and at 5:20:52&nbsp;pm EDT according to NIST.<ref name="ncstar1-a" />{{rp|19, 21, 50–51}} There were no ] associated with the collapse.<ref name=":0" /> NIST found no evidence to support ] such as the collapse being the result of explosives; it found that a combination of factors including physical damage, fire, and the building's unusual construction set off a chain-reaction collapse.<ref name="2OBAX" />
]
] of ] worked in conjunction with glass artist and designer James Carpenter to create a design that uses ultra-clear, low-iron glass to provide reflectivity and light.<ref name="ar-June2006" /><ref name="Collins 2005 q802">{{cite web |last=Collins |first=Glenn |date=June 27, 2005 |title=Built to Be Noticed, and to Return the Favor |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/27/nyregion/built-to-be-noticed-and-to-return-the-favor.html |access-date=December 8, 2023 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=December 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208021609/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/27/nyregion/built-to-be-noticed-and-to-return-the-favor.html |url-status=live }}</ref> There are stainless-steel ]s behind the glass to help reflect sunlight.<ref name="ar-June2006" /> The spandrels are textured and are curved in a manner that reflects light both from each story's ]s and from the sky.<ref name="Collins 2005 q802" /> On the lower stories, there are {{convert|15|by|5|ft|adj=on}} panels with steel triangular prisms. There are 130,000 prisms in total, which are tilted at different angles to reflect natural light from the sky. The window panes on the upper floors are {{Convert|13.6|ft}} high and are made of white glass with low concentrations of iron.<ref name="Collins 2005 q802" /> Stainless steel used in the facade is ]-containing Type&nbsp;316, which provides improved resistance to corrosion.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Houska |first=Catherine |date=January 2004 |title=New 7 World Trade Center Uses Type 316&nbsp;Stainless Steel |journal=International Molybdenum Association News Letter |pages=4–6}}</ref>


The new 7&nbsp;World Trade Center was built above the Con Edison substation.<ref name="Dunlap 2004 s119" /><ref name="Skidmore 2009 p.">{{cite book |last=Skidmore, Owings & Merrill |title=Architecture of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, 1997-2008 |date=2009 |publisher=Monacelli Press |isbn=978-1-58093-224-0 |publication-place=New York |page=138 |oclc=299708729}}</ref> When the current building was constructed, the transformer vaults were rearranged into an {{convert|80|ft|m|-tall|adj=mid}} shell at the building's base.<ref name="Dunlap 2004 s119" /> To enclose the power substation and improve its aesthetics, the base of the building has a curtain wall with ] ]s that provide ventilation for the machinery.<ref>{{cite news |last=Blum |first=Andrew |date=March 28, 2006 |title=A World of Light and Glass |work=BusinessWeek |url=http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/mar2006/id20060328_770161.htm?chan=innovation_architecture_product+spotlight |url-status=dead |access-date=February 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080324231124/http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/mar2006/id20060328_770161.htm?chan=innovation_architecture_product+spotlight |archive-date=March 24, 2008}}</ref> The transformers each weigh {{convert|168|ST|LT t}} and are {{convert|20|ft}} tall. There are also radiators with vertical cooling blades facing the street, which in turn cool down the transformers.<ref name="Dunlap 2004 s119" />
====Reports====
]


There is a cable-net glass wall on the eastern ] of the facade, just above the Greenwich Street entrance.<ref name="Hill 2011 p. 27">{{cite book |last=Hill |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLn64RtcTO8C&pg=PA27 |title=Guide To Contemporary New York City Architecture |publisher=WW Norton |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-393-73326-6 |series=Architecture / regional |page=27 |access-date=December 8, 2023 |archive-date=December 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208021608/https://books.google.com/books?id=NLn64RtcTO8C&pg=PA27 |url-status=live }}</ref> This cable-net wall measures {{convert|50|by|110|ft}} across.<ref name="Skidmore 2009 p." /> During the day, the curtain wall reflects light, while at night it is illuminated by blue and white ] lights.<ref name="Collins 2005 q802" /><ref>{{cite book |author1=Marpillero, Sandro |title=James Carpenter: Environmental Refractions |author2=Frampton, Kenneth |author3=Schlaich, Jorg |publisher=Princeton Architectural Press |year=2006 |isbn=1-56898-608-4 |pages=55–70}}</ref> The curtain wall has 220,000 LEDs; at night, the prisms on the facade reflect light from each LED onto the street.<ref name="Collins 2005 q802" /> The curtain wall around the lobby uses heavily laminated, heat-strengthened glass that meets high standards for blast resistance.<ref>{{cite news |last=Garmhausen |first=Steve |date=November 16, 2004 |title=Curtain (Wall) Time |publisher=Slatin Report |url=http://www.theslatinreport.com/top_story.jsp?StoryName=1116curtains.txt |access-date=February 25, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050225083353/http://www.theslatinreport.com/top_story.jsp?StoryName=1116curtains.txt |archive-date=February 25, 2005}}</ref> At night, a large cube of light above the lobby also emanates blue light, while during the day it provides white light to the lobby, and at dusk, it transitions to violet and back to blue.<ref>{{cite news |date=July 1, 2007 |title=7 World Trade Center&nbsp;— Outstanding Achievement, Exterior Lighting |work=Architectural Lighting Magazine |url=http://www.architectmagazine.com/industry-news.asp?sectionID=1325&articleID=554018 |url-status=dead |access-date=February 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321093516/http://www.architectmagazine.com/industry-news.asp?sectionID=1325&articleID=554018 |archive-date=March 21, 2008}}</ref>
In May 2002, the ] (FEMA) issued a report on the collapse based on a preliminary investigation conducted jointly with the Structural Engineering Institute of the ] under the leadership of Dr. ], P.E. FEMA made preliminary findings that the collapse was not primarily caused by actual impact damage from the collapse of 1&nbsp;WTC and 2&nbsp;WTC but by fires on multiple stories ignited by debris from the other two towers that continued burning unabated due to lack of water for sprinklers or manual firefighting. The report did not reach conclusions about the cause of the collapse and called for further investigation.<ref name="NIST Advisory Committee Dec 2007" />{{rp|3}}


=== Features ===
Subsequently, the ] (NIST) ] to lead an investigation into the structural failure and ] Twin Towers and 7&nbsp;World Trade Center.<ref name="nist-questions" /> The investigation, led by Dr S. Shyam Sunder, drew upon in-house technical expertise as well as the knowledge of several outside private institutions, including the Structural Engineering Institute of the ] (SEI/ASCE); the ] (SFPE); the ] (NFPA); the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC); the ] (CTBUH); and the ] (SEAoNY).<ref name="T1eaX" />
] office space on the 40th floor]]
Inside the main lobby, artist ] created an LED installation<ref name="Kolker 2019 k885">{{cite web |last=Kolker |first=Robert |date=April 8, 2005 |title=The Building Everyone Will Date But No One Will Marry |url=https://nymag.com/nymetro/realestate/urbandev/features/11718/ |access-date=December 9, 2023 |website=New York Magazine |archive-date=December 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209010516/https://nymag.com/nymetro/realestate/urbandev/features/11718/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Hill 2011 p. 27" /><ref name="Collins 2006">{{Cite news |last=Collins |first=Glenn |date=March 6, 2006 |title=At Ground Zero, Accord Brings a Work of Art |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/06/nyregion/at-ground-zero-accord-brings-a-work-of-art.html |url-status=live |access-date=July 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728060104/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/06/nyregion/at-ground-zero-accord-brings-a-work-of-art.html |archive-date=July 28, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> with glowing text moving across wide plastic panels.<ref name="ar-June2006" /> The wall measures {{convert|65|ft|m|abbr=on}} wide and {{convert|14|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall. Holzer worked with Klara Silverstein, the wife of Larry Silverstein, to select poetry for the art installation.<ref name="Collins 2006" /> The wall of the lobby is structurally fortified as a security measure.<ref name="Collins 2006" /> On the upper stories, some tenants customized the design of their spaces. The space occupied by Mansueto Ventures was designed to maximize natural light exposure and has an open floor plan.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Claire |date=May 13, 2007 |title=An Open, Sunlit Space At 7 World Trade Center |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/13/realestate/commercial/13sqft.html |url-status=live |access-date=February 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210144311/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/13/realestate/commercial/13sqft.html |archive-date=December 10, 2008 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The 40th-floor space used by the New York Academy of Sciences was designed by H3 Hardy Collaboration Architecture and includes a reception lobby with an ] screen; a 296-seat event room; and a horizontal {{convert|72|ft|m|-long|adj=mid}} mural.<ref name="Dunlap 2006 v054" />


7 World Trade Center is equipped with ] ] to reduce dwell times and travel times.<ref>{{cite news |last=Angwin |first=Julia |author-link=Julia Angwin |date=November 19, 2006 |title=No-button elevators take orders in lobby |work=Charleston Gazette (West Virginia)}}</ref> After pressing their destination floor number on a keypad in the lobby, passengers are directed to specific elevators that will stop at the selected floor; the elevator cabs do not contain buttons. The elevator system is integrated with the lobby key-card system, which can identify the floor on which an employee works, then automatically call an elevator for that floor.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kretkowski |first=Paul |date=March 2007 |title=First Up |publisher=ARCHI-TECH |url=http://www.architechmag.com/articles/detail.aspx?contentID=3608 |access-date=February 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013193735/http://www.architechmag.com/articles/detail.aspx?contentID=3608 |archive-date=October 13, 2007}}</ref>
] helicopter captured footage of the south face of 7&nbsp;World Trade Center, including a glimpse of a gash, extending approximately 10 stories.]]


] served as structural engineer on the project, while ] was the MEP engineer.<ref name="ncstar1-a">{{cite report |url=http://ws680.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=861610 |title=NIST NCSTAR1-A: Final Report on the Collapse of World Trade Center Building 7 |date=November 2008 |publisher=] |access-date=July 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721055820/http://wtc.nist.gov/NCSTAR1/PDF/NCSTAR%201A.pdf |archive-date=July 21, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nearly 30 percent of structural steel used in the building consists of recycled steel.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=April 16, 2006 |title=7 World Trade Center and Hearst Building: New York's Test Cases for Environmentally Aware Office Towers |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/16/arts/design/7-world-trade-center-and-hearst-building-new-yorks-test-cases.html |url-status=live |access-date=July 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211184549/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/16/arts/design/7-world-trade-center-and-hearst-building-new-yorks-test-cases.html |archive-date=December 11, 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Rainwater is collected and used for irrigation of the park and to cool the building.<ref name="ar-June2006" /> Along with other sustainable design features, the building is designed to allow in plenty of natural light, power is metered to tenants to encourage them to conserve energy, the heating steam is reused to generate some power for the building, and recycled materials are used for insulation and interior materials.<ref>{{cite news |last=DePalma |first=Anthony |date=January 20, 2004 |title=At Ground Zero, Rebuilding With Nature in Mind |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/20/nyregion/at-ground-zero-rebuilding-with-nature-in-mind.html |url-status=live |access-date=February 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080326222147/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D03E6D91539F933A15752C0A9629C8B63 |archive-date=March 26, 2008 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
The bulk of the investigation of 7 World Trade Center was delayed until after reports were completed on the Twin Towers.<ref name="nist-questions" /> In the meantime, NIST provided a preliminary report about 7 WTC in June 2004, and thereafter released occasional updates on the investigation.<ref name="NIST-june2004" /> According to NIST, the investigation of 7&nbsp;World Trade Center was delayed for a number of reasons, including that NIST staff who had been working on 7&nbsp;World Trade Center were assigned full-time from June 2004 to September 2005 to work on the investigation of the collapse of the Twin Towers.<ref name="NISTFAQ" /> In June 2007, Shyam Sunder explained, <blockquote>We are proceeding as quickly as possible while rigorously testing and evaluating a wide range of scenarios to reach the most definitive conclusion possible. The 7&nbsp;WTC investigation is in some respects just as challenging, if not more so than the study of the towers. However, the current study does benefit greatly from the significant technological advances achieved and lessons learned from our work on the towers.<ref name="NIST7STAT1" /></blockquote>


The building was promoted as one of the safest skyscrapers in the U.S. upon its completion<ref>{{cite web |title=Downtown Construction and Building Information |url=http://www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/7_world_trade_center_75464.asp#activities |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060517100513/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/7_world_trade_center_75464.asp |archive-date=May 17, 2006 |access-date=May 22, 2006 |publisher=Lower Manhattan Construction Command Center}}</ref> According to Silverstein Properties, it "incorporate a host of life-safety enhancements that will become the prototype for new high-rise construction."<ref>{{cite press release |title=Silverstein Properties Names CB Richard Ellis to Serve as Exclusive Leasing Agent for 7&nbsp;World Trade Center |publisher=Silverstein Properties |date=September 28, 2004}}</ref> The building has {{convert|2|ft|m|adj=mid|-thick}} ] and ] elevator and stairway access shafts. The original building used only ] to line these shafts.<ref name="reiss">{{cite news |last=Reiss |first=Matthew |date=March 2003 |title=Shortcuts to Safety |work=Metropolis Magazine / Skyscraper Safety Campaign |url=http://www.skyscrapersafety.org/html/article_20040309.html |url-status=dead |access-date=February 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183820/http://www.skyscrapersafety.org/html/article_20040309.html |archive-date=March 3, 2016}}</ref> The stairways are wider than in the original building to permit faster egress.<ref name="reiss" />
]'s ] was heavily damaged from the collapse of 7&nbsp;World Trade Center.]]

In November 2008, NIST released its final report on the causes of the collapse of 7&nbsp;World Trade Center.<ref name="ncstar1-a" /> This followed NIST's August 21, 2008, draft report which included a period for public comments,<ref name="nist-questions" /> and was followed in 2012 by a peer-reviewed summary in the '']''.<ref name="Rbfbr" /> In its investigation, NIST utilized ] to model events leading up to collapse initiation and ] models to simulate the global response to the initiating events.<ref name="ZsGBe" />{{rp|6–7}} NIST determined that diesel fuel did not play an important role, nor did the structural damage from the collapse of the Twin Towers or the transfer elements (trusses, girders, and cantilever overhangs). The lack of water to fight the fire was an important factor. The fires burned out of control during the afternoon, causing floor beams near column 79 to expand and push a key girder off its seat, triggering the floors to fail around column 79 on Floors 8 to 14. With a loss of lateral support across nine floors, column 79 buckled – pulling the east penthouse and nearby columns down with it. With the buckling of these critical columns, the collapse then progressed east-to-west across the core, ultimately overloading the perimeter support, which buckled between Floors 7 and 17, causing the remaining portion of the building above to fall down as a single unit. The fires, which were fueled by office contents and burned for 7 hours, along with the lack of water, were the key reasons for the collapse.<ref name="ncstar1-a" />{{rp|21–22}} Incidentally, this made the old 7 WTC the only steel skyscraper at the time to have collapsed from fire.<ref name="bbc20080704" />

When 7&nbsp;WTC collapsed, debris caused substantial damage and contamination to the ]'s ] building, located adjacent at 30&nbsp;West Broadway, to the extent that the building was not salvageable.<ref name="pvpL2" /> A revised plan called for demolition in 2009 and completion of the new Fiterman Hall in 2012, at a cost of $325&nbsp;million.<ref name="WXVcB" /> The adjacent ], an ] building constructed in 1926, had extensive damage to its east facade from the collapse of 7&nbsp;World Trade Center, though it was able to be restored at a cost of US$1.4&nbsp;billion.<ref name="nyconstruction" />

]

Files relating to numerous federal investigations had been housed in 7 World Trade Center. The ] estimated over 10,000 of its cases were affected.<ref name="NYLEq" /> Investigative files in the Secret Service's largest field office were lost, with one Secret Service agent saying, "All the evidence that we stored at 7 World Trade, in all our cases, went down with the building."<ref name="TTV" /> Copies of emails in connection with the ] scandal that were later requested by the ] from ], a subsidiary of ] housed in the building, were also destroyed.<ref name="street" />

The NIST report found no evidence supporting the conspiracy theories that 7 World Trade Center was brought down by controlled demolition. Specifically, the window breakage pattern and blast sounds that would have resulted from the use of explosives were not observed.<ref name="ncstar1-a" />{{rp|26–28}} The suggestion that an incendiary material such as ] was used instead of explosives was considered unlikely by NIST because of observations of the fire and the building's structural response to the fire, and because it is unlikely the necessary quantity of material could have been planted without discovery.<ref name="nist-questions" /> Based on its investigation, NIST reiterated several recommendations it had made in its earlier report on the collapse of the Twin Towers.<ref name="ncstar1-a" />{{rp|63–73}} It urged immediate action on a further recommendation: that fire resistance should be evaluated under the assumption that sprinklers are unavailable;<ref name="ncstar1-a" />{{rp|65–66}} and that the effects of thermal expansion on floor support systems be considered.<ref name="ncstar1-a" />{{rp|65, 69}} Recognizing that current building codes are drawn to prevent loss of life rather than building collapse, the main point of NIST's recommendations was that buildings should not collapse from fire even if sprinklers are unavailable.<ref name="ncstar1-a" />{{rp|63–73}}

==New building==
{{Stack|float=left|
]
]
}}
{{New World Trade Center}}

The new 7&nbsp;World Trade Center has 52&nbsp;stories and is {{convert|741|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall.<ref name="Txdhz" /> The building has 42&nbsp;floors of leasable space, starting at the 11th floor, and a total of {{convert|1,700,000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} of office space.<ref name="emporis2" /> The first ten floors house an electrical substation which provides power to much of Lower Manhattan. The office tower has a narrower footprint at ground level than did its predecessor, so the course of Greenwich Street could be restored to reunite ] and the ]. The original building, on the other hand, had bordered West Broadway on the east, necessitating the destruction of Greenwich Street between Barclay Street and the northern border of the World Trade Center superblock.<ref name="nyt-20020411" />

===Design===
The first design meeting for the new building occurred in April, 2000.

] of ] worked in conjunction with glass artist and designer James Carpenter to create a design that uses ultra-clear, low-iron glass to provide reflectivity and light, with stainless-steel ]s behind the glass to help reflect sunlight.<ref name="ar-June2006" /> Stainless steel used in the building façade is ]-containing Type&nbsp;316, which provides improved resistance to corrosion.<ref name="h5SJY" /> To enclose the power substation and improve its aesthetics, the base of the building has a curtain wall with ] ]s that provide ventilation for the machinery.<ref name="SvPR3" /> During the day, the curtain wall reflects light, while at night it is illuminated with blue ] lights.<ref name="sOSZj" /> The curtain wall around the lobby uses heavily laminated, heat-strengthened glass that meets high standards for blast resistance.<ref name="FT0vg" /> At night, a large cube of light above the lobby also emanates blue light, while during the day it provides white light to the lobby, and at dusk it transitions to violet and back to blue.<ref name="LXUcR" /> Inside the main lobby, artist ] created a large light installation with glowing text moving across wide plastic panels.<ref name="ar-June2006" /> The entire wall, which is {{convert|65|ft|m|abbr=on}} wide and {{convert|14|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall, changes color according to the time of day. Holzer worked with Klara Silverstein, the wife of Larry Silverstein, to select poetry for the art installation. The wall is structurally fortified as a security measure.<ref name="UHsLh" />

The building is being promoted as the safest skyscraper in the U.S.<ref name="lower" /> According to Silverstein Properties, the owner of the building, it "incorporate a host of life-safety enhancements that will become the prototype for new high-rise construction."<ref name="NjgTl" /> The building has {{convert|2|ft|m|adj=mid|-thick}} ] and ] elevator and stairway access shafts. The original building used only ] to line these shafts.<ref name="reiss" /> The stairways are wider than in the original building to permit faster egress.<ref name="reiss" />

7 World Trade Center is equipped with ] ].<ref name="Ym4Gt" /> After pressing a destination floor number on a lobby keypad, passengers are grouped and directed to specific elevators that will stop at the selected floor (there are no buttons to press inside the elevators). This system is designed to reduce elevator waiting and travel times. The elevator system is integrated with the lobby turnstile and card reader system that identifies the floor on which a person works as he or she enters and can automatically call the elevator for that floor.<ref name="07aQD" />

Nearly 30 percent of structural steel used in the building consists of recycled steel.<ref name="VVJY5" /> Rainwater is collected and used for irrigation of the park and to cool the building.<ref name="ar-June2006" /> Along with other sustainable design features, the building is designed to allow in plenty of natural light, power is metered to tenants to encourage them to conserve energy, the heating steam is reused to generate some power for the building, and recycled materials are used for insulation and interior materials.<ref name="5S8ti" />

===Construction===
]
The construction phase of the new 7 World Trade Center began on May 7, 2002, with the installation of a fence around the construction site.<ref name="nyt-7wtcstart" /> Tishman Construction Corporation of New York began work at the new 7&nbsp;World Trade Center in 2002, soon after the site was cleared of debris. Restoring the Con Ed ] was an urgent priority to meet power demands of Lower Manhattan.<ref name="nyt-20020411" /> Because 7&nbsp;World Trade Center is separate from the main {{convert|16|acre|ha|adj=on}} ], ] required approval from only the ], and rebuilding was able to proceed quickly.<ref name="zRVfI" /> Building Seven was not included in the original World Trade Center master plan by ], but was designed by ] under the leadership of ], who largely redesigned ].

Once construction of the power substation was completed in October 2003, work proceeded on building the office tower. An unusual approach was used in constructing the building; erecting the steel frame before adding the concrete core. This approach allowed the construction schedule to be shortened by a few months.<ref name="0pjsf" /> Construction was completed in 2006 at a cost of $700&nbsp;million.<ref name="ar-June2006" /> Though Silverstein received $861&nbsp;million from insurance on the old building, he owed more than $400&nbsp;million on its mortgage.<ref name="s21tj" /> Costs to rebuild were covered by $475&nbsp;million in ], which provide tax-exempt financing to help stimulate rebuilding in Lower Manhattan and insurance money that remained after other expenses.<ref name="eAXxQ" />

A {{convert|15,000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} triangular park was created between the extended Greenwich Street and West Broadway by David Childs with Ken Smith and his colleague, Annie Weinmayr, of Ken Smith Landscape Architect. The park comprises an open central plaza with a fountain and flanking groves of ] trees and ] shrubs.<ref name="xNreh" /> At the center of the fountain, sculptor ] created ''Balloon Flower (Red)'', whose mirror-polished stainless steel represents a twisted balloon in the shape of a flower.<ref name="X73Me" />

===Opening===
The building was officially opened at noon on May 23, 2006, with a free concert featuring ], ], Bill Ware Vibes, ], ], ], ] (of the ]), and special guest ].<ref name="ZiBOm" /><ref name="WaPo-7WTCOpens-2006" /> Prior to opening, in March 2006, the new 7&nbsp;World Trade Center frontage and lobby were used in scenes for the movie '']'' with ] and ].<ref name="ahqQ4" />

Since the building opened, several unleased upper floors have been used for events such as charity lunches, fashion shows, and black-tie galas. Silverstein Properties allowed space in the new building to be used for these events as a means to draw people to see the building.<ref name="0MmmY" /> From September 8 to October 7, 2006, the work of photographer Jonathan Hyman was displayed in "An American Landscape", a free exhibit hosted by the ] at 7&nbsp;World Trade Center. The photographs captured the response of people in New York City and across the United States after the September 11, 2001, attacks. The exhibit took place on the 45th floor while space remained available for lease.<ref name="LHRnP" />

] office (lobby) on the 40th floor]]

By March 2007, 60&nbsp;percent of the building had been leased.<ref name="dYZDT" /> In September 2006, ] signed a 20-year lease to rent 15&nbsp;floors of 7&nbsp;World Trade Center.<ref name="7V7gR" /> Other tenants that had signed leases in 7&nbsp;World Trade Center, as of May 2007, included ],<ref name="XB9pB" /> ] Inc.,<ref name="9TZHT" /><ref name="WaPo-7WTCOpens-2006" /> law firm ], Darby & Darby P.C.,<ref name="9AQIr" /> Mansueto Ventures LLC, business publisher of ] and ],<ref name="NlY6L" /> and the ].<ref name="1Fkl2" /><ref name="WaPo-7WTCOpens-2006" />

The space occupied by Mansueto Ventures has been designed to use the maximum amount of natural light and has an open floor plan.<ref name="fZZND" /> The space used by the New York Academy of Sciences on the 40th floor, designed by H<sup>3</sup> Hardy Collaboration Architecture, works with the parallelogram shape of the building. Keeping with the green design of the building, the NYAS uses recycled materials in many of the office furnishings, has zoned heating and cooling, and lights that detect motion, coming on automatically only when people are present, and adjust according to incoming sunlight.<ref name="Fhtx9" />

] also has offices and the Silver Suites executive office suites<ref name="LOoIJ" /> in 7 World Trade Center, along with office space used by the architectural and engineering firms working on ], ], ], and ].<ref name="Vn4BR" /> The building became fully leased in September 2011 when ] was reported to have leased a {{convert|125,000|sqft|m2}} space on the top floor.<ref name="PxId6" />


==See also== ==See also==
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==References== ==References==
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<ref name="NjgTl">{{cite press release |title=Silverstein Properties Names CB Richard Ellis to Serve as Exclusive Leasing Agent for 7&nbsp;World Trade Center |publisher=Silverstein Properties |date=September 28, 2004}}</ref>
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<ref name="0pjsf">{{cite news |title=Strategy for Seven World Trade Center Exceeds Expectations |last=Post |first=Nadine M |work=Engineering News Record |date=September 12, 2005 |url=http://archrecord.construction.com/news/wtc/archives/050912seven.asp |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210044447/http://archrecord.construction.com/news/wtc/archives/050912seven.asp |archivedate=December 10, 2005 |accessdate=February 17, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="s21tj">{{cite news |last=Herman |first=Eric |title=No Tenants for New 7 WTC, Construction to Begin with Financing in Doubt |work=Daily News (New York) |date=May 31, 2002}}</ref>
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<ref name="ZiBOm">{{cite web|url=http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/7_world_trade_center_50451.aspx |title=7 World Trade Center Opens with Musical Fanfare |publisher=Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) |date=May 22, 2006 |accessdate=July 27, 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809115805/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/7_world_trade_center_50451.aspx |archivedate=August 9, 2007 |url-status=dead |df=}}</ref>
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<ref name="LHRnP">{{cite press release |url=http://www.buildthememorial.org/site/DocServer/5th_Anniversary_Exhibitions.pdf?docID=1881 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210512/http://www.buildthememorial.org/site/DocServer/5th_Anniversary_Exhibitions.pdf?docID=1881 |archivedate=September 27, 2007 |format=PDF |title=WTC Memorial Foundation Announces Photography Exhibitions to Mark 5th Anniversary of 9/11 |publisher=World Trade Center Memorial Foundation |date=August 7, 2006 |accessdate=February 17, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="dYZDT">{{cite news |url=http://www.ny1.com/ny1/content/index.jsp?stid=203&aid=62235 |title=9/11: Five Years Later: 7 World Trade Open For Business, Lacking Tenants |publisher=NY1 News |date=August 31, 2006 |last=Spitz |first=Rebecca |accessdate=February 17, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215011910/http://www.ny1.com/ny1/content/index.jsp?stid=203&aid=62235 |archivedate=February 15, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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<ref name="9TZHT">{{cite press release |url=http://ir.ameriprise.com/news.aspx?iid=113901&start=241&mode=1 |title=Ameriprise Financial to lease 20,000 SF at 7 WTC |publisher=AmeriPrise Financial |date=January 4, 2006 |accessdate=April 30, 2010}}</ref>
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<ref name="NlY6L">{{cite press release |url=http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-5604926/Mansueto-Ventures-Signs-Lease-at.html#abstract |title=Mansueto Ventures signs lease at 7 World Trade Center to become the first corporate tenant to locate its national headquarters in the building |publisher=Goliath |date=July 26, 2006 |accessdate=February 17, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321092121/http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-5604926/Mansueto-Ventures-Signs-Lease-at.html |archivedate=March 21, 2008 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
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<ref name="Vn4BR">* {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/25/nyregion/25blocks.html |title=What a View to Behold, And It's Really Something |work=The New York Times |date=January 25, 2007 |last=Dunlap |first=David W}} * {{cite news |title=Behind the Scenes, Three Towers Take Shape |work=The New York Times |date=January 18, 2007 |last=Dunlap, |first=David W |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/18/nyregion/18blocks.html}}</ref>
<ref name="PxId6">{{cite web |url=https://nypost.com/2011/09/19/7-world-trade-center-fully-leased/ |title=7 World Trade Center fully leased |work=New York Post |date=September 19, 2011 |first=Steve |last=Cuozzo}}</ref>
}}


==External links== ==External links==
{{Commons category|7 World Trade Center}} {{Commons category}}
* * at SilversteinProperties.com
* on ] Skyscraper Center * on ] Skyscraper Center


{{World Trade Center}} {{World Trade Center}}
{{Financial District, Manhattan}}
{{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 04:40, 25 November 2024

Office building in Manhattan, New York This article is about the current building on the site completed in 2006. For the original structure destroyed on September 11, 2001, see 7 World Trade Center (1987–2001).

7 World Trade Center
The glass facade of 7 World Trade Center, a skyscraper in New York's World Trade Center7 World Trade Center nearing completion, January 2006
General information
StatusCompleted
TypeOffice
Location250 Greenwich Street
Manhattan, New York City 10006, United States
Coordinates40°42′48″N 74°00′43″W / 40.7133°N 74.0120°W / 40.7133; -74.0120
Construction startedMay 7, 2002
Completed2006
OpenedMay 23, 2006
Height
Architectural743 ft (226 m)
Roof741 ft (226 m)
Top floor679 ft (207 m)
Technical details
Floor count52
Floor area1,681,118 sq ft (156,181 m)
Lifts/elevators29
Design and construction
Architect(s)David Childs of SOM
DeveloperSilverstein Properties
EngineerJaros, Baum & Bolles (MEP)
Structural engineerWSP Cantor Seinuk
Main contractorTishman Construction
Website
7 World Trade Center, wtc.com
References

7 World Trade Center (7 WTC, WTC-7, or Tower 7) is an office building constructed as part of the new World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan, New York City. The tower is located on a city block bounded by Greenwich, Vesey, Washington, and Barclay Streets on the east, south, west, and north, respectively. 7 World Trade Center was developed by Larry Silverstein, who holds a ground lease for the site from the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, and designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill.

The building was constructed to replace the original structure on the site, part of the original World Trade Center. The previous structure, completed in 1987, was destroyed in the September 11 attacks in 2001. Construction of the new 7 World Trade Center began in 2002 and was completed on May 23, 2006. The building is 52 stories tall (plus one underground floor), making it the 64th-tallest in New York. It is built on a smaller footprint than the original; a small park across Greenwich Street occupies space that was part of the original building's footprint.

The current building's design emphasizes safety, with a reinforced concrete core, wider stairways, and thicker fireproofing on steel columns. It also incorporates numerous green design features. The building received the U.S. Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold certification and was part of the council's pilot program for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design – Core and Shell Development (LEED-CS).

History

The original 7 World Trade Center was a 47-story skyscraper with a red granite facade. It opened in 1987 as part of the original World Trade Center building complex. The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks caused the collapse of the World Trade Center; falling debris from the collapsing 110-story Twin Towers destroyed or severely damaged nearby buildings, including 7 World Trade Center, which collapsed shortly thereafter.

Preliminary site plans for the World Trade Center rebuild
World Trade Center
Towers
Other elements
Artwork
History

Construction

7 World Trade Center construction in October 2004

The construction phase of the new 7 World Trade Center began on May 7, 2002, with the installation of a fence around the construction site. Restoring the Consolidated Edison substation was an urgent priority to meet power demands of Lower Manhattan; the utility stated that it needed to replace four of the ten destroyed transformers by 2003. Because 7 World Trade Center is separate from the main 16-acre (6.5 ha) World Trade Center site, Larry Silverstein required approval only from the landowner, the Port Authority, before he could rebuild the tower. Construction of the power substation was completed in October 2003, and the substation went into service in May 2004.

Work next proceeded on the office tower itself. An unusual approach was used in constructing the building; erecting the steel frame before adding the concrete core. This approach allowed the construction schedule to be shortened by a few months. By July 2005, American Express Financial Advisors was planning to lease 20,000 square feet (1,900 m) of space, making it the building's first tenant. Although Silverstein intended for the building's design to attract tenants, he wanted occupants to pay $50/sq ft ($540/m) to lease space by 2005, which New York magazine called "easily the highest price in lower Manhattan".

Construction was completed in 2006 at a cost of $700 million. Though Silverstein received $861 million from insurance on the old building, he owed more than $400 million on its mortgage. Costs to rebuild were covered by $475 million in Liberty Bonds, which provide tax-exempt financing to help stimulate rebuilding in Lower Manhattan and insurance money that remained after other expenses.

A 15,000 sq ft (1,400 m) triangular park was created between the extended Greenwich Street and West Broadway by David Childs with Ken Smith and his colleague, Annie Weinmayr, of Ken Smith Landscape Architect. The park comprises an open central plaza with a fountain and flanking groves of sweetgum trees and boxwood shrubs. At the center of the fountain, sculptor Jeff Koons created a 9-foot-tall (2.7 m) stainless steel sculpture called Balloon Flower (Red).

Completion and early years

2000s

The building was officially opened on May 23, 2006. The opening was marked by a free concert featuring Suzanne Vega, Citizen Cope, Bill Ware Vibes, Brazilian Girls, Ollabelle, Pharaoh's Daughter, Ronan Tynan (of the Irish Tenors), and special guest Lou Reed. Prior to its opening, in March 2006, the new building was used as a filming location for the movie Perfect Stranger.

The building was 10 percent leased by August 2006. Several of the unoccupied upper floors were used for events such as charity lunches, fashion shows, and black-tie galas. Silverstein Properties allowed space in the new building to be used for these events as a means to draw people to see the building. From September 8 to October 7, 2006, the work of photographer Jonathan Hyman was displayed in "An American Landscape", a free exhibit hosted by the World Trade Center Memorial Foundation, on the 45th floor of 7 World Trade Center. The exhibit consisted of 63 photographs that captured Americans' responses after the September 11 attacks.

In September 2006, Moody's signed a 20-year lease for 15 floors at 7 World Trade Center; prior to Moody's lease, only eight floors had been occupied. Other tenants that had signed leases in 7 World Trade Center in its first two years included ABN AMRO, Ameriprise Financial Inc., DRW Trading Group, publisher Mansueto Ventures, and the New York Academy of Sciences. Silverstein Properties also had offices and the Silver Suites executive office suites at 7 World Trade Center. Architectural and engineering firms working on 1 World Trade Center, 150 Greenwich Street, 175 Greenwich Street, and 200 Greenwich Street also set up offices in the building. Two-thirds of the building's office space had been leased by April 2007. After ABN AMRO was acquired by the Royal Bank of Scotland, forex services provider FXDD subleased some of the Royal Bank of Scotland's space in 2009.

2010s to present

The law firm WilmerHale signed 200,000 square feet (19,000 m) at the building in April 2011. The building became fully leased that September after MSCI agreed to occupy 125,000 square feet (11,600 m) on the top floor; other tenants at the time included FXDD, WilmerHale, and the bank WestLB. Following this, Silverstein announced in 2012 that he would refinance the building with a $452.8 million Liberty bond issue and a $125 million commercial mortgage-backed security loan. At the time, the building was valued at $940 million, in large part because it was fully occupied. FXDD subleased its space to engineering company Permasteelisa in 2015 and artificial intelligence firm IPsoft in 2016. The building was 94.8 percent occupied by 2017. By then, roughly three-quarters of the space was occupied by four tenants, including Moody's, the Royal Bank of Scotland, and WilmerHale.

Wedding planning company Zola and the building's own architecture firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill both leased space at 7 WTC in early 2019. This was followed in July 2019 by luxury drink brand Moët Hennessy and media company AccuWeather. After Mansueto Ventures and three other firms leased space at 7 WTC in April 2022, the building was 97 percent occupied. Shortly afterward, Silverstein Properties refinanced the property with a $458 million loan from Goldman Sachs.

7 World Trade Center looking from the southwest in 2008.

Architecture

The new 7 World Trade Center has 52 stories and is 741 ft (226 m) tall. The building has 42 floors of leasable space, starting at the 11th floor, and a total of 1.7 million sq ft (160,000 m) of office space. The first ten floors house an electrical substation which provides power to much of Lower Manhattan. The office tower has a narrower footprint at ground level than did its predecessor, so the course of Greenwich Street could be restored to reunite TriBeCa and the Financial District. The original building, on the other hand, had bordered West Broadway on the east, necessitating the destruction of Greenwich Street between Barclay Street and the northern border of the World Trade Center superblock.

Facade

The new 7 World Trade Center from the ground

David Childs of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill worked in conjunction with glass artist and designer James Carpenter to create a design that uses ultra-clear, low-iron glass to provide reflectivity and light. There are stainless-steel spandrels behind the glass to help reflect sunlight. The spandrels are textured and are curved in a manner that reflects light both from each story's window sills and from the sky. On the lower stories, there are 15-by-5-foot (4.6 by 1.5 m) panels with steel triangular prisms. There are 130,000 prisms in total, which are tilted at different angles to reflect natural light from the sky. The window panes on the upper floors are 13.6 feet (4.1 m) high and are made of white glass with low concentrations of iron. Stainless steel used in the facade is molybdenum-containing Type 316, which provides improved resistance to corrosion.

The new 7 World Trade Center was built above the Con Edison substation. When the current building was constructed, the transformer vaults were rearranged into an 80-foot-tall (24 m) shell at the building's base. To enclose the power substation and improve its aesthetics, the base of the building has a curtain wall with stainless steel louvers that provide ventilation for the machinery. The transformers each weigh 168 short tons (150 long tons; 152 t) and are 20 feet (6.1 m) tall. There are also radiators with vertical cooling blades facing the street, which in turn cool down the transformers.

There is a cable-net glass wall on the eastern elevation of the facade, just above the Greenwich Street entrance. This cable-net wall measures 50 by 110 feet (15 by 34 m) across. During the day, the curtain wall reflects light, while at night it is illuminated by blue and white LED lights. The curtain wall has 220,000 LEDs; at night, the prisms on the facade reflect light from each LED onto the street. The curtain wall around the lobby uses heavily laminated, heat-strengthened glass that meets high standards for blast resistance. At night, a large cube of light above the lobby also emanates blue light, while during the day it provides white light to the lobby, and at dusk, it transitions to violet and back to blue.

Features

New York Academy of Sciences office space on the 40th floor

Inside the main lobby, artist Jenny Holzer created an LED installation with glowing text moving across wide plastic panels. The wall measures 65 ft (20 m) wide and 14 ft (4.3 m) tall. Holzer worked with Klara Silverstein, the wife of Larry Silverstein, to select poetry for the art installation. The wall of the lobby is structurally fortified as a security measure. On the upper stories, some tenants customized the design of their spaces. The space occupied by Mansueto Ventures was designed to maximize natural light exposure and has an open floor plan. The 40th-floor space used by the New York Academy of Sciences was designed by H3 Hardy Collaboration Architecture and includes a reception lobby with an openwork screen; a 296-seat event room; and a horizontal 72-foot-long (22 m) mural.

7 World Trade Center is equipped with Otis destination elevators to reduce dwell times and travel times. After pressing their destination floor number on a keypad in the lobby, passengers are directed to specific elevators that will stop at the selected floor; the elevator cabs do not contain buttons. The elevator system is integrated with the lobby key-card system, which can identify the floor on which an employee works, then automatically call an elevator for that floor.

WSP Cantor Seinuk served as structural engineer on the project, while Jaros, Baum & Bolles was the MEP engineer. Nearly 30 percent of structural steel used in the building consists of recycled steel. Rainwater is collected and used for irrigation of the park and to cool the building. Along with other sustainable design features, the building is designed to allow in plenty of natural light, power is metered to tenants to encourage them to conserve energy, the heating steam is reused to generate some power for the building, and recycled materials are used for insulation and interior materials.

The building was promoted as one of the safest skyscrapers in the U.S. upon its completion According to Silverstein Properties, it "incorporate a host of life-safety enhancements that will become the prototype for new high-rise construction." The building has 2-foot-thick (0.61 m) reinforced-concrete and fireproofed elevator and stairway access shafts. The original building used only drywall to line these shafts. The stairways are wider than in the original building to permit faster egress.

See also

References

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