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{{Refimprove|date=January 2009}} {{More citations needed|date=January 2009}}
{{Short description|Brazilian medical research institute}}
{{Coord|22|52|29.57|S|43|14|43.58|W|display=title}} {{Coord|22|52|29.57|S|43|14|43.58|W|display=title}}
{{Infobox non-profit {{Infobox organization
| name = Oswaldo Cruz Foundation<br />''Fundação Oswaldo Cruz'' | name = Oswaldo Cruz Foundation<br />''Fundação Oswaldo Cruz''
| image = Fiocruz.jpg | image = Fiocruz.jpg
| caption = | caption =
| type = | type =
| tax_id = <!-- or | vat_id = --> | vat_id =
| registration_id = | registration_id =
| founded_date = 25 May 1900 | founded_date = {{start date and age|1900|5|25|df=y}}
| founder = ] | founder = ]
| location = ], ], Brazil | location = ], ], Brazil
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| coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LON|display=inline,title}} --> | coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LON|display=inline,title}} -->
| origins = | origins =
| key_people = Nísia Trindade Lima <small>(President)</small> | key_people = Nísia Trindade Lima (President)
| area_served = | area_served =
| products = | products =
| services = | services =
| focus = | focus =
| mission = Study biology, microorganisms, diseases and vaccines.
| method = | method =
| revenue = | revenue =
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| footnotes = | footnotes =
}} }}
] Palace of Manguinhos, seat of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz in Rio de Janeiro.]] ] façade of the Palace of Manguinhos, site of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute in ].]]
The '''Oswaldo Cruz Foundation''' (] '''''Fundação Oswaldo Cruz''''', also known as '''FIOCRUZ''') is a scientific institution for research and development in biological sciences located in ], ], it is considered one of the world's main ] research institutions. It was founded by Dr. ], a noted physician and epidemiologist. The '''Oswaldo Cruz Foundation''' (] '''''Fundação Oswaldo Cruz''''', also known as '''FIOCRUZ''') is a scientific institution for research and development in biological sciences located in ], ]; it is considered one of the world's main ] research institutions. It was founded by ], a noted physician and epidemiologist.
==History==
⚫ The organization started in 1898 as the '''Federal SeroTherapy Institute''' with the objective of developing serum and vaccines against the ].<ref name="history">{{cite web |url=http://www.cpqrr.fiocruz.br/pg/en/about-us/history/ |title=History of Fiocruz Minas – Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou |website=www.cpqrr.fiocruz.br |access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref> It was located outside ].<ref name="history"/> The institute's activities, however, changed from simple production into research and experimental medicine, especially after Oswaldo Cruz assumed its leadership in 1902. From there on, the institute became the base for memorable sanitation campaigns in an age of outbreaks and epidemics of the ], ], and ].
⚫ The institute, however, was not confined to ] and collaborated in the occupation of the country's interior through scientific expeditions, aiding in the development of the country.


⚫ When Oswaldo Cruz died in 1917, the institute, which by then already bore his name, was nationally consolidated and important scientific achievements followed, such as ]’ description of the complete cycle of the ] including the clinical pattern of the disease.
⚫ The organization started in 1898 as the '''Federal SeroTherapy Institute''' with the objective of developing serum and vaccines against the ].<ref name="history">{{cite web |url=http://www.cpqrr.fiocruz.br/pg/en/about-us/history/ |title=History of Fiocruz Minas – Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou |accessdate=3 February 2016}}</ref> It was located outside of ].<ref name="history"/> The institute’s activities, however, changed from simple production into research and experimental medicine, especially after Oswaldo Cruz assumed its leadership in 1902. From there on, the institute became the base for memorable sanitation campaigns in an age of outbreaks and epidemics of the ], ], and ].
⚫ The Institute, however, was not confined to ] and, on the contrary, collaborated in the occupation of the country’s interior through scientific expeditions, aiding in the development of the country.


Today the institution has a broad range of responsibilities related to the health and wellbeing of the Brazilian population, functioning as a national institute of health for the Brazilian government. These responsibilities include
⚫ When Oswaldo Cruz died, in 1917, the Institute, which by then already bore his name, was nationally consolidated through important scientific achievements, such as ]’ description of the complete cycle of the ] including the clinical pattern of the disease.
* hospital and ambulatory care,
On 16 January 2007, the Institute announced that it had developed a gel from ] which it is hoped will reduce ] transmission to women.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6266527.stm |title=Algae gel to combat HIV infection | work=BBC News | date=16 January 2007 | accessdate=5 January 2010}}</ref>
* health-related research,
* development of vaccines, drugs, reagents, and diagnostic kits
* research, development and production,
* training of public health and health workers,
* providing information and communications related to health, science, and technology.


Today the institution has a broad range of responsibilities related to the health and wellbeing of the Brazilian population. This includes hospital and ambulatory care; health-related research; development of vaccines, drugs, reagents, and diagnostic kits; training of public health and health workers; and providing information and communications related to health, science, and technology. The Fiocruz workforce members are over 7,500. Fiocruz includes several fixed facilities in Rio de Janeiro and other locations; however, it contributes to improving health throughout the country, through its support to the Sistema Único de Saúde (Unified Health System, the Brazilian public health system), its proposals on public health policy-making, its research activities, its scientific expeditions, and the reach of its health services and products. The Fiocruz workforce members number over 7,500. Fiocruz includes several fixed facilities in Rio de Janeiro and other locations; however, it contributes to improving health throughout the country, through its support to the Sistema Único de Saúde (Unified Health System, the Brazilian public health system), its proposals on public health policy-making, its research activities, its scientific expeditions, and the reach of its health services and products.


Fiocruz is one of the founding members of the ], a membership organization of ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ianphi.org/whoweare/history.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130428072858/http://www.ianphi.org/whoweare/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 28, 2013 |title=Hisyory |publisher=IANPHI |accessdate=August 4, 2014 }}</ref> Fiocruz is one of the founding members of the ], a membership organization of ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ianphi.org/whoweare/history.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130428072858/http://www.ianphi.org/whoweare/history.html |website=www.ianphi.org |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 28, 2013 |title=History |publisher=IANPHI |access-date=August 4, 2014 }}</ref> The foundation has a longstanding collaboration with ], analyzing and curating ] virus data in the Americas, then quickly contributing those genetic sequences to the repository.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ferreira |first1=Vinicius |title=Fiocruz integrates platform of genomic data on influenza and new coronavirus |url=https://portal.fiocruz.br/en/news/fiocruz-integrates-platform-genomic-data-influenza-and-new-coronavirus |website=Fiocruz |publisher=Oswaldo Cruz Foundation |access-date=16 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Khalik |first1=Salma |title=Punching above its weight in global fight against Covid-19 |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/punching-above-its-weight-in-global-fight-against-covid-19 |access-date=16 August 2021 |work=The Straits Times |agency=SPH Digital News |publisher=Singapore Press Holdings Ltd. Co. |date=15 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
<br>
<br>
A study by the Oswaldo Cruz foundation in 2024 discovered high levels of cocaine in 13 Brazilian sharpnose sharks near Rio de Janeiro, with concentrations up to 100 times higher than previously recorded in other marine species. The contamination was believed to come from illegal drug manufacturing labs, excrement from drug users, or possibly from cocaine packages lost or discarded at sea by traffickers. All the sharks tested were pregnant, raising concerns about the potential effects on their offspring. Researchers called for further investigation into whether cocaine exposure affects shark behavior, noting that similar drug effects have been observed in animals and humans.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wright |first=George |title=Sharks off Brazil coast test positive for cocaine |date=23 July 2024 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cek9mr43x1xo |website=BBC News |access-date=24 July 2024}}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
*] * ]
*] * ]
*'']'', its official ] * '']''


==References== ==References==
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{{Pasteur Institute}} {{Pasteur Institute}}

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] ]
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Latest revision as of 12:33, 11 September 2024

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Brazilian medical research institute

22°52′29.57″S 43°14′43.58″W / 22.8748806°S 43.2454389°W / -22.8748806; -43.2454389

Oswaldo Cruz Foundation
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Founded25 May 1900; 124 years ago (1900-05-25)
FounderOswaldo Cruz
Location
Official languages Portuguese
Key peopleNísia Trindade Lima (President)
WebsiteFiocruz
Neo-Moorish façade of the Palace of Manguinhos, site of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute in Rio de Janeiro.

The Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Portuguese Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, also known as FIOCRUZ) is a scientific institution for research and development in biological sciences located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; it is considered one of the world's main public health research institutions. It was founded by Oswaldo Cruz, a noted physician and epidemiologist.

History

The organization started in 1898 as the Federal SeroTherapy Institute with the objective of developing serum and vaccines against the bubonic plague. It was located outside Rio de Janeiro. The institute's activities, however, changed from simple production into research and experimental medicine, especially after Oswaldo Cruz assumed its leadership in 1902. From there on, the institute became the base for memorable sanitation campaigns in an age of outbreaks and epidemics of the bubonic plague, yellow fever, and smallpox. The institute, however, was not confined to Rio de Janeiro and collaborated in the occupation of the country's interior through scientific expeditions, aiding in the development of the country.

When Oswaldo Cruz died in 1917, the institute, which by then already bore his name, was nationally consolidated and important scientific achievements followed, such as Carlos Chagas’ description of the complete cycle of the American trypanosomiasis including the clinical pattern of the disease.

Today the institution has a broad range of responsibilities related to the health and wellbeing of the Brazilian population, functioning as a national institute of health for the Brazilian government. These responsibilities include

  • hospital and ambulatory care,
  • health-related research,
  • development of vaccines, drugs, reagents, and diagnostic kits
  • research, development and production,
  • training of public health and health workers,
  • providing information and communications related to health, science, and technology.

The Fiocruz workforce members number over 7,500. Fiocruz includes several fixed facilities in Rio de Janeiro and other locations; however, it contributes to improving health throughout the country, through its support to the Sistema Único de Saúde (Unified Health System, the Brazilian public health system), its proposals on public health policy-making, its research activities, its scientific expeditions, and the reach of its health services and products.

Fiocruz is one of the founding members of the International Association of National Public Health Institutes, a membership organization of national public health institutes. The foundation has a longstanding collaboration with GISAID, analyzing and curating COVID-19 virus data in the Americas, then quickly contributing those genetic sequences to the repository.

A study by the Oswaldo Cruz foundation in 2024 discovered high levels of cocaine in 13 Brazilian sharpnose sharks near Rio de Janeiro, with concentrations up to 100 times higher than previously recorded in other marine species. The contamination was believed to come from illegal drug manufacturing labs, excrement from drug users, or possibly from cocaine packages lost or discarded at sea by traffickers. All the sharks tested were pregnant, raising concerns about the potential effects on their offspring. Researchers called for further investigation into whether cocaine exposure affects shark behavior, noting that similar drug effects have been observed in animals and humans.

See also

References

  1. ^ "History of Fiocruz Minas – Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou". www.cpqrr.fiocruz.br. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  2. "History". www.ianphi.org. IANPHI. Archived from the original on April 28, 2013. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  3. Ferreira, Vinicius. "Fiocruz integrates platform of genomic data on influenza and new coronavirus". Fiocruz. Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  4. Khalik, Salma (15 January 2021). "Punching above its weight in global fight against Covid-19". The Straits Times. Singapore Press Holdings Ltd. Co. SPH Digital News. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  5. Wright, George (23 July 2024). "Sharks off Brazil coast test positive for cocaine". BBC News. Retrieved 24 July 2024.

External links

International Network of Pasteur Institutes
Europe
Middle East and Africa
Asia-Pacific
Former/corresponding institutes
Categories: