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{{Short description|American astronomer}}
'''William Grant Tifft''' is Emeritus Professor of astronomer at the ], whose main interests are in ], ] and what Tifft calls redshift problems (see ]).<ref> </ref>, a view not shared by most astronomers. He has an A.B. in Astronomy from Harvard University (1954), and Ph.D. in Astronomy from the California Institute of Technology (1958).
'''William G. Tifft''' was an astronomer at the ]. His main interests were in ], ] and ].<ref></ref> He was influential in the development of the first ]s, and was an early proponent of ], conducted at a proposed ] for example. In retirement, he was a principal scientist with The Scientific Association for the Study of Time in Physics and Cosmology (SASTPC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timeincosmology.com/about/william-tifft/|title = William Tifft|date = 14 June 2014}}</ref>


He had an A.B. in Astronomy from Harvard University (1954), and Ph.D. in Astronomy from the California Institute of Technology (1958) where he wrote his dissertation on ] ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://etd.caltech.edu/etd/available/etd-01192006-093239/ |title=Tifft, William G. (1958-01-01) Multicolor photoelectric photometry of bright extragalactic systems. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01192006-093239 |website=etd.caltech.edu |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217170944/http://etd.caltech.edu/etd/available/etd-01192006-093239/ |archive-date=17 February 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
==On Redshift quantization==
Described by astronomer William M. Napier in 2006 as "controversial claims", he notes:
:"]" claims have appeared in the literature for about 30 years now and are associated with a few astronomers such as ], the ] and W.G. Tifft"<ref>W.M. Napier, "", writing in Jean Claude Pecker, Jayant Narlikar (editors) "" (2006) </ref>


==Redshift quantization==
In a 1993 article in '']'' magazine article on Tifft, popular science writer ] noted:


Based on observations of nearby galaxies, Tifft proposed that the ]s of galaxies are quantized, or that they occur preferentially as multiples of a set number. These findings on ] were originally published in 1976 and 1977 in the ].<ref name="tifft1976">{{cite journal
:"The editors of the '']'' grudgingly published his first quantized-redshift paper in 1976, but they announced in an unusual disclaimer that they couldn't endorse the idea (although they also couldn't find anything wrong with the underlying observations)"
| author=W. G. Tifft
| title=Discrete states of redshift and galaxy dynamics. I - Internal motions in single galaxies
| journal=Astrophysical Journal
| date=1976
| volume=206
| pages=38–56
| bibcode=1976ApJ...206...38T
| doi=10.1086/154354| hdl=10150/627259
| hdl-access=free
}}</ref><ref name="tifft1977a">{{cite journal
| author=W. G. Tifft
| title=Discrete states of redshift and galaxy dynamics. II - Systems of galaxies
| journal=Astrophysical Journal
| date=1977
| volume=211
| pages=31–46
| bibcode=1977ApJ...211...31T
| doi=10.1086/154901| hdl=10150/627260
| hdl-access=free
}}</ref><ref name="tifft1977b">{{cite journal
| author=W. G. Tifft
| title=Discrete states of redshift and Galaxy dynamics. III - Abnormal galaxies and stars
| journal=Astrophysical Journal
| date=1977
| volume=211
| pages=377–391
| bibcode=1977ApJ...211..377T
| doi=10.1086/154943| hdl=10150/627261
| hdl-access=free
}}</ref> The ideas were controversial when originally proposed; the editors of the Astrophysical Journal included a note in one of the papers stating that they could neither find errors within the analysis nor endorse the analysis.<ref name="tifft1977a" /> Subsequently, Tifft and Cocke put forward a theory to try to explain the quantization. Tifft's results were supported by Martin Croasdale, who claimed the effect to be statistically significant and the same over the whole sky,<ref name="croasdale1989">{{cite journal
| author=Martin R. Croasdale
| title=Periodicity in Galaxy Redshifts
| journal=Astrophysical Journal
| date=1989
| volume=345
| pages=72–83
| bibcode=1989ApJ...345...72C
| doi=10.1086/167882| doi-access=free
}}</ref> and later Napier and Guthrie.<ref name="napierguthrie1997">{{cite journal
| author=W. M. Napier
| author2=B. N. G. Guthrie
| name-list-style=amp
| title=Quantized Redshifts: A Status Report
| journal=Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy
| date=1997
| volume=18
| issue=4
| pages=455–463
| url=http://www.ias.ac.in/jarch/jaa/18/455-463.pdf
| doi=10.1007/BF02709337|bibcode = 1997JApA...18..455N | s2cid=73557034
}}</ref> Since the initial publication of these results, Tifft's findings have been used by others, such as ], in making an alternative explanation to the ], which states that galaxies are redshifted because the universe is expanding.<ref name="arp1986">{{cite journal
| author=H. Arp
| title=A corrected velocity for the local standard of rest by fitting to the mean redshift of local group galaxies
| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics
| date=1986
| volume=156
| pages=207–212
| bibcode=1986A&A...156..207A}}</ref><ref name="arp1987">{{cite journal
| author=H. Arp
| title=Additional members of the Local Group of galaxies and quantized redshifts within the two nearest groups
| journal=Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy
| date=1987
| volume=8
| issue=3
| pages=241–255
| bibcode=1987JApA....8..241A
| doi=10.1007/BF02715046| s2cid=119819755
}}</ref> However, they have not found widespread support and are now dismissed by the majority of astronomers. Tifft himself, when interviewed for the popular science magazine ''Discover'' in 1993, stated that he was not necessarily claiming that the universe was not expanding.<ref>Dava Sobel, "", ''Discover'', April, 1993)</ref>


==External links==
:" isn't necessarily claiming that the universe isn't expanding, he says -- only that if it is, some other process is affecting redshifts as well. His basic idea is that redshift could be an intrinsic property of the galaxy and not merely something done to its light as the light travels through space." <ref>Dava Sobel, "", ''Discover'', April, 1993)</ref>
*


==References==
''Astrophysical Journal'' had written:
{{Reflist}}
:"Editor's note:- The referees of this paper neither could find obvious errors with the analysis nor felt that they could enthusiastically endorse publication. The subject matter is interesting and perhaps important. A more complete assessment of the analysis is beyond the role normally expects of referees"<ref>In Tifft, W. G., "" (1977) ''Astrophysical Journal'', vol. 211, Jan. 1, 1977, pt. 1, p. 31-46.</ref>


{{DEFAULTSORT:Tifft, William G.}}
==Sources and notes==
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]

Latest revision as of 14:03, 2 January 2024

American astronomer

William G. Tifft was an astronomer at the University of Arizona. His main interests were in galaxies, superclusters and redshift quantization. He was influential in the development of the first redshift surveys, and was an early proponent of crewed space astronomy, conducted at a proposed Moon base for example. In retirement, he was a principal scientist with The Scientific Association for the Study of Time in Physics and Cosmology (SASTPC).

He had an A.B. in Astronomy from Harvard University (1954), and Ph.D. in Astronomy from the California Institute of Technology (1958) where he wrote his dissertation on photoelectric photometry.

Redshift quantization

Based on observations of nearby galaxies, Tifft proposed that the redshifts of galaxies are quantized, or that they occur preferentially as multiples of a set number. These findings on redshift quantization were originally published in 1976 and 1977 in the Astrophysical Journal. The ideas were controversial when originally proposed; the editors of the Astrophysical Journal included a note in one of the papers stating that they could neither find errors within the analysis nor endorse the analysis. Subsequently, Tifft and Cocke put forward a theory to try to explain the quantization. Tifft's results were supported by Martin Croasdale, who claimed the effect to be statistically significant and the same over the whole sky, and later Napier and Guthrie. Since the initial publication of these results, Tifft's findings have been used by others, such as Halton Arp, in making an alternative explanation to the Big Bang Theory, which states that galaxies are redshifted because the universe is expanding. However, they have not found widespread support and are now dismissed by the majority of astronomers. Tifft himself, when interviewed for the popular science magazine Discover in 1993, stated that he was not necessarily claiming that the universe was not expanding.

External links

References

  1. William G. Tifft's Personal Web page at the U. Arizona
  2. "William Tifft". 14 June 2014.
  3. "Tifft, William G. (1958-01-01) Multicolor photoelectric photometry of bright extragalactic systems. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01192006-093239". etd.caltech.edu. Archived from the original on 17 February 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2022. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  4. W. G. Tifft (1976). "Discrete states of redshift and galaxy dynamics. I - Internal motions in single galaxies". Astrophysical Journal. 206: 38–56. Bibcode:1976ApJ...206...38T. doi:10.1086/154354. hdl:10150/627259.
  5. ^ W. G. Tifft (1977). "Discrete states of redshift and galaxy dynamics. II - Systems of galaxies". Astrophysical Journal. 211: 31–46. Bibcode:1977ApJ...211...31T. doi:10.1086/154901. hdl:10150/627260.
  6. W. G. Tifft (1977). "Discrete states of redshift and Galaxy dynamics. III - Abnormal galaxies and stars". Astrophysical Journal. 211: 377–391. Bibcode:1977ApJ...211..377T. doi:10.1086/154943. hdl:10150/627261.
  7. Martin R. Croasdale (1989). "Periodicity in Galaxy Redshifts". Astrophysical Journal. 345: 72–83. Bibcode:1989ApJ...345...72C. doi:10.1086/167882.
  8. W. M. Napier & B. N. G. Guthrie (1997). "Quantized Redshifts: A Status Report" (PDF). Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy. 18 (4): 455–463. Bibcode:1997JApA...18..455N. doi:10.1007/BF02709337. S2CID 73557034.
  9. H. Arp (1986). "A corrected velocity for the local standard of rest by fitting to the mean redshift of local group galaxies". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 156: 207–212. Bibcode:1986A&A...156..207A.
  10. H. Arp (1987). "Additional members of the Local Group of galaxies and quantized redshifts within the two nearest groups". Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy. 8 (3): 241–255. Bibcode:1987JApA....8..241A. doi:10.1007/BF02715046. S2CID 119819755.
  11. Dava Sobel, "Man stops universe, maybe - William Tifft believes the universe may not be expanding", Discover, April, 1993)
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