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| {{Short description|Sports-prototype racing car (1991–92)}} | |||
| ⚫ | The '''Jaguar XJR-14''' is a ] racing car introduced for ] |
||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}} | |||
| {{Use British English|date=February 2018}} | |||
| {{Racing car | |||
| | Image = ] | |||
| | Category = ] | |||
| | Car_name = Jaguar XJR-14 | |||
| | Constructor = ]<br>(]) | |||
| | Team = {{flagicon|GBR}} ] ] (WSC)<br>{{flagicon|GBR}} ] (IMSA) | |||
| | Designer = ]<br>John Piper<br>Mark Thomas | |||
| | Drivers = {{flagicon|GBR}} ]<br>{{flagicon|GBR}} ]<br>{{flagicon|AUS}} ]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} ]<br>{{flagicon|USA}} ]<br>{{flagicon|NED}} ] | |||
| | Test drivers = | |||
| | Front suspension = | |||
| | Rear suspension = | |||
| | Engine position = ] | |||
| | Engine name = ] | |||
| | Capacity = 3500 cc | |||
| | Turbo/NA = ] | |||
| | Configuration = ]. | |||
| | Gearbox name = | |||
| | Gears = | |||
| | Type = ] | |||
| | Differential = | |||
| | Tyres = ] | |||
| | Fuel = | |||
| | Debut = ] | |||
| | Races = 19 | |||
| | Cons_champ = 1 (]) | |||
| | Drivers_champ = 1 (], ]) | |||
| | Wins = 6 | |||
| | Poles = 11 | |||
| | Fastest_laps = 11 | |||
| | Last_season = 1992| | |||
| | weight = 762 kg (1680lbs) | |||
| | wheelbase = 2807 mm (110.5 in) | |||
| | width = 2000 mm (78.7 in) | |||
| | height = 1092 mm (43.0 in) | |||
| | length = 4800 mm (189 in) | |||
| | chassis = Carbon fibre and aluminium honeycomb monocoque, with 4-point, bolt-on steel roll-over hoop | |||
| }} | |||
| ⚫ | The '''Jaguar XJR-14''' is a ] racing car introduced for the 1991 ] season. It was designed by ] and John Piper, and was built and run by ] (TWR), on behalf of ]. | ||
| ==Design== | |||
| Designed by ] during his spell as TWR's Technical Director, the XJR-14 was unveiled in 1991 and made its race debut in the opening race of the ]. The XJR-14 was one of the first Group C prototype to truly take advantage of a clean sheet of paper approach under the 3.5 L regulations. Brawn applied F1 thinking in designing the car, but in more ways than simply design application, he also brought in F1 design methodology. In the past, TWR Jaguars had been designed under the direction of ], while Brawn worked with a design staff. | |||
| The 1991 season marked the introduction of the ]’s new, and controversial, 3.5 Litre Formula which replaced the highly successful ] category that had been used in the World Sports Car Championship since 1982. However, due to a small number of entries in the new 3.5 litre formula heavily penalised Group C cars were allowed participate in the newly created C2 category for the 1991 season but Jaguar participated in the new formula. | |||
| To comply with the new regulations Jaguar produced an all-new car, the XJR-14. It was designed by ] and John Piper, and was built by ] (TWR).<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/motorsport/formulaone/5378983/Ross-Brawn-Formula-1s-kingmaker-profile.html |title=Ross Brawn, Formula 1's kingmaker: profile |first=Ian |last=Johnston |work=] |date=24 May 2009 |location=London |issn=0307-1235 |oclc=49632006 |access-date=15 April 2012}}</ref> In the past, TWR's Jaguars had been designed under the direction of ], while Brawn worked with a large design staff (12 according to John Piper); a paradigm shift (albeit small) in its own right and reflective of Brawn's Formula One background. | |||
| Although it won the 1991 World Sportscar Championship, the XJR-14 was not a dominant race car, having taken advantage of the points-gaining momentum early in the season. By the end of the 1991 season ] had caught up from a performance standpoint. In 1992, while the XJR-14 had retired with Jaguar's pullout from ], it did race in the form of the ] and was essentially outclassed by the updated ] and ]. | |||
| The abandonment of the Group C fuel consumption regulations meant a change in aerodynamic design philosophy. Coupled that with vastly different packaging requirements for a small, light, normally aspirated engine meant that concerns over drag became a secondary requirement to downforce. The new design targeted a lower kerb weight of {{convert|1650|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} and higher downforce levels meant that the XJR-14 was a lot faster in corners compared to the previous Group C front runners. | |||
| Three XJR-14 chassis were built, chassis #591, 691, and 791. Apart from their career in World Sportscars, chassis 591 and 791 also raced in the ] GTP series, and were heavily damaged in accidents in ] and ] during the 1992 season. Both were essentially written off and turned into show cars, before being sold to private collectors. Chassis 691 was converted into a TWR-Porsche WSC by ] and won the ] in ] and ]. TWR manufacturerd an additional XJR-14 monocoque for the TWR-Porsche project though this chassis took on a Porsche serial number from the start. Chassis 691 resides in the Joest museum in its final double Le Mans winning form of TWR-Porshe WSC. | |||
| ==Engine== | |||
| The Mazda MXR-01 has direct lineage to the XJR-14 and has been described as a "productionized" XJR-14, being built to a budget. It is believed that four or five chassis were manufactured. | |||
| The primary feature of the new regulations centred on 3.5-litre ]s. Although the XJR-14's predecessor, the ], used a twin turbo-charged 3.5-litre engine derived from the ]-derived JV6 engine, in order to comply with the new rules the two turbochargers would need to be removed. Naturally this wasn't a realistic option, nor was it ever considered, given the design compromises of not using a bespoke engine. | |||
| Given the Jaguar-Ford connection however, it was decided to utilise the 3.5-litre ] Formula One power plant. Developed by Geoff Goddard, and most notably used by the Benetton Formula One team, the now Jaguar-badged HB was detuned to around 11,500 rpm and 650 bhp (compared to the 13,000 rpm and 700 bhp F1 spec) with aims at enhancing reliability. | |||
| ==Race results== | |||
| Three chassis were built and used for 1991: #591, #691, and #791. In the early part of the 1991 World Sportscar Championship season the XJR-14 was in a league of its own, totally outclassing its rivals and in particular the ] and ]. Only the opening race went Peugeot's way, but that was seen more as a result of luck than the 905's competitiveness. The fact that Jaguar already had a race proven engine certainly helped the team’s cause, but the rest of the car was far superior to its rivals. | |||
| It was not until midway through the season that the Jaguar met its match through Peugeot's new 905B. This meant a hard fight with the new and quickly improving Peugeot squad for the rest of the season, but Jaguar was able to hold on and secure the manufacturers title with 3 victories. | |||
| At the ], Jaguar initially entered two XJR-14s but later decided that the XJR-14 would not be capable of finishing the distance due to unknowns in the development of the Cosworth HB to last 24 hours. Jaguar instead decided to enter three older ] which entered in the C2 class. Although the XJR-12s did not manage to win, Jaguar's decision not to run the untested XJR-14 was vindicated by the fact that Peugeot's 905 failed to finish the race. Mercedes also withdrew its C291 in favour of its older ] models. | |||
| After 1991, Jaguar decided not to continue in Group C, believing that they had spent enough time in Group C and the instability of rules recently in the World Sportscar Championship. Opting against further development of the XJR-16, TWR sent the XJR-14 to the United States for the ]. Chassis 691 (Rebadged as #192) debuted at the 1992 Grand Prix of Miami where it broke the track record by four seconds. Without a major upgrade to the suspension and with the car unable to deal with the high G loads of U.S circuits, the XJR-14 was unable to beat the latest challengers from Toyota and Nissan, forced to finish third in the championship with only two victories. Jaguar continued to use the three updated 1991 chassis throughout the season. | |||
| ==Derivatives== | |||
| Meanwhile, TWR had reached an agreement to supply more XJR-14 chassis to ], minus the Cosworth V8s but installed with Mazda-badged ] V10s for the ]. Mazda would rebadge the XJR-14s as ]. The MXR-01 was essentially a productionised XJR-14 and as there had been no ongoing development they ended up not being particularly competitive, scoring no wins and finishing third in the championship. | |||
| Several years later, TWR would resurrect XJR-14 chassis #691/192 for the development of a new prototype for Porsche. They renamed the car the TWR-]. Its most significant feature was that it had the roof removed, turning it into an open cockpit prototype to run under the then-new LMP regulations. The WSC-95 would carry a Porsche 3.0L turbocharged Flat-6. After chassis #691 was modified, TWR built a second WSC-95 from scratch. In both the ] and ], the TWR-Porsches were able to take the overall win. See Chassis Log. | |||
| ==Chassis log== | |||
| ] | |||
| '''591''' - 1991: Suzuka (DNF), '''Monza (1st)''', Silverstone (3rd), Autopolis (2nd). 1992 : Laguna Seca (4th), Road America (crash in warm-up). | |||
| Rebuilt to running order at TWR, sold to US collector (2003-2009). Sold to Chamberlain-Synergy, England (2009-2015) Location : MecAuto, Belgium, since 2015. | |||
| '''691/192''' - 1991: Suzuka (DNF), Monza (2nd), '''Silverstone (1st)''', Nurburgring (2nd), Magny Cours (3rd), Mexico (did not race), Autopolis (3rd), '''Sugo (1st)'''. 1992 (chassis number changed to 192): '''Mid-Ohio (1st)''', New Orleans (4th), Watkins Glen (3rd), Laguna Seca (3rd), Portland (DNF), Phoenix (2nd), Del Mar (3rd-DNF). Converted to a Porsche WSC95 Spyder in late 1994, raced at Le Mans in 1996 and 1997 by ], winning the race on both occasions. Location : now in Reinhold Joest's private museum. | |||
| '''791''' - 1991: '''Nürburgring (1st)''', Magny Cours (5th), Mexico (6th), Sugo (9th). 1992: Miami (6th-DNF), '''Road Atlanta (1st)''', Lime Rock (accident in race). Rebuilt by Retract Composite and Lanzante Motorsport. Now as Show Car. Location : Previously England with same owner as X91 in 2014-2015, but since sold and exported to the U.S. in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Stafford Iii: U.S. Customs data|url=https://www.tradesparq.com/Customs/21087886/Customs-Data-John-Stafford-Iii|access-date=2020-07-10|website=www.tradesparq.com}}</ref> | |||
| '''X91''' : New chassis tub built in 2003 before TWR liquidation. Location : Lanzante Motorsports, South of England (2003-2014). Sold in 2015 to new owner in England. | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| * |
* | ||
| * {{fr}} | * {{in lang|fr}} | ||
| * {{in lang|fr}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315004356/http://www.wikif1.org/Jaguar_XJR-14 |date=15 March 2007 }} | |||
| {{Jaguar modern timeline}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 00:46, 17 June 2024
Sports-prototype racing car (1991–92)Racing car model
 | |||||||||
| Category | Group C | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constructor | Jaguar Cars (Tom Walkinshaw Racing) | ||||||||
| Designer(s) | Ross Brawn John Piper Mark Thomas | ||||||||
| Technical specifications | |||||||||
| Chassis | Carbon fibre and aluminium honeycomb monocoque, with 4-point, bolt-on steel roll-over hoop | ||||||||
| Length | 4800 mm (189 in) | ||||||||
| Width | 2000 mm (78.7 in) | ||||||||
| Height | 1092 mm (43.0 in) | ||||||||
| Wheelbase | 2807 mm (110.5 in) | ||||||||
| Engine | Cosworth HB 3500 cc V8. Naturally aspirated mid-mounted | ||||||||
| Transmission | manual transmission | ||||||||
| Weight | 762 kg (1680lbs) | ||||||||
| Tyres | Goodyear | ||||||||
| Competition history | |||||||||
| Notable entrants |  Silk Cut Jaguar (WSC) Jaguar Racing (IMSA) | ||||||||
| Notable drivers | Derek Warwick Martin Brundle David Brabham Teo Fabi Davy Jones Arie Luyendyk | ||||||||
| Debut | 1991 430 km of Suzuka | ||||||||
| Last season | 1992 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Constructors' Championships | 1 (1991) | ||||||||
| Drivers' Championships | 1 (1991, Teo Fabi) | ||||||||
The Jaguar XJR-14 is a sports-prototype racing car introduced for the 1991 World Sportscar Championship season. It was designed by Ross Brawn and John Piper, and was built and run by Tom Walkinshaw Racing (TWR), on behalf of Jaguar Cars.
Design
The 1991 season marked the introduction of the FIA’s new, and controversial, 3.5 Litre Formula which replaced the highly successful Group C category that had been used in the World Sports Car Championship since 1982. However, due to a small number of entries in the new 3.5 litre formula heavily penalised Group C cars were allowed participate in the newly created C2 category for the 1991 season but Jaguar participated in the new formula.
To comply with the new regulations Jaguar produced an all-new car, the XJR-14. It was designed by Ross Brawn and John Piper, and was built by Tom Walkinshaw Racing (TWR). In the past, TWR's Jaguars had been designed under the direction of Tony Southgate, while Brawn worked with a large design staff (12 according to John Piper); a paradigm shift (albeit small) in its own right and reflective of Brawn's Formula One background.
The abandonment of the Group C fuel consumption regulations meant a change in aerodynamic design philosophy. Coupled that with vastly different packaging requirements for a small, light, normally aspirated engine meant that concerns over drag became a secondary requirement to downforce. The new design targeted a lower kerb weight of 1,650 lb (748 kg) and higher downforce levels meant that the XJR-14 was a lot faster in corners compared to the previous Group C front runners.
Engine
The primary feature of the new regulations centred on 3.5-litre naturally aspirated engines. Although the XJR-14's predecessor, the XJR-11, used a twin turbo-charged 3.5-litre engine derived from the Metro 6R4-derived JV6 engine, in order to comply with the new rules the two turbochargers would need to be removed. Naturally this wasn't a realistic option, nor was it ever considered, given the design compromises of not using a bespoke engine.
Given the Jaguar-Ford connection however, it was decided to utilise the 3.5-litre Ford HB V8 Formula One power plant. Developed by Geoff Goddard, and most notably used by the Benetton Formula One team, the now Jaguar-badged HB was detuned to around 11,500 rpm and 650 bhp (compared to the 13,000 rpm and 700 bhp F1 spec) with aims at enhancing reliability.
Race results
Three chassis were built and used for 1991: #591, #691, and #791. In the early part of the 1991 World Sportscar Championship season the XJR-14 was in a league of its own, totally outclassing its rivals and in particular the Peugeot 905 and Mercedes-Benz C291. Only the opening race went Peugeot's way, but that was seen more as a result of luck than the 905's competitiveness. The fact that Jaguar already had a race proven engine certainly helped the team’s cause, but the rest of the car was far superior to its rivals.
It was not until midway through the season that the Jaguar met its match through Peugeot's new 905B. This meant a hard fight with the new and quickly improving Peugeot squad for the rest of the season, but Jaguar was able to hold on and secure the manufacturers title with 3 victories.
At the 1991 24 Hours of Le Mans, Jaguar initially entered two XJR-14s but later decided that the XJR-14 would not be capable of finishing the distance due to unknowns in the development of the Cosworth HB to last 24 hours. Jaguar instead decided to enter three older XJR-12s which entered in the C2 class. Although the XJR-12s did not manage to win, Jaguar's decision not to run the untested XJR-14 was vindicated by the fact that Peugeot's 905 failed to finish the race. Mercedes also withdrew its C291 in favour of its older C11 models.
After 1991, Jaguar decided not to continue in Group C, believing that they had spent enough time in Group C and the instability of rules recently in the World Sportscar Championship. Opting against further development of the XJR-16, TWR sent the XJR-14 to the United States for the 1992 IMSA Camel GTP championship. Chassis 691 (Rebadged as #192) debuted at the 1992 Grand Prix of Miami where it broke the track record by four seconds. Without a major upgrade to the suspension and with the car unable to deal with the high G loads of U.S circuits, the XJR-14 was unable to beat the latest challengers from Toyota and Nissan, forced to finish third in the championship with only two victories. Jaguar continued to use the three updated 1991 chassis throughout the season.
Derivatives
Meanwhile, TWR had reached an agreement to supply more XJR-14 chassis to Mazda, minus the Cosworth V8s but installed with Mazda-badged Judd V10s for the World Sportscar Championship. Mazda would rebadge the XJR-14s as MXR-01s. The MXR-01 was essentially a productionised XJR-14 and as there had been no ongoing development they ended up not being particularly competitive, scoring no wins and finishing third in the championship.
Several years later, TWR would resurrect XJR-14 chassis #691/192 for the development of a new prototype for Porsche. They renamed the car the TWR-Porsche WSC-95. Its most significant feature was that it had the roof removed, turning it into an open cockpit prototype to run under the then-new LMP regulations. The WSC-95 would carry a Porsche 3.0L turbocharged Flat-6. After chassis #691 was modified, TWR built a second WSC-95 from scratch. In both the 1996 and 1997 24 Hours of Le Mans, the TWR-Porsches were able to take the overall win. See Chassis Log.
Chassis log
591 - 1991: Suzuka (DNF), Monza (1st), Silverstone (3rd), Autopolis (2nd). 1992 : Laguna Seca (4th), Road America (crash in warm-up). Rebuilt to running order at TWR, sold to US collector (2003-2009). Sold to Chamberlain-Synergy, England (2009-2015) Location : MecAuto, Belgium, since 2015.
691/192 - 1991: Suzuka (DNF), Monza (2nd), Silverstone (1st), Nurburgring (2nd), Magny Cours (3rd), Mexico (did not race), Autopolis (3rd), Sugo (1st). 1992 (chassis number changed to 192): Mid-Ohio (1st), New Orleans (4th), Watkins Glen (3rd), Laguna Seca (3rd), Portland (DNF), Phoenix (2nd), Del Mar (3rd-DNF). Converted to a Porsche WSC95 Spyder in late 1994, raced at Le Mans in 1996 and 1997 by Reinhold Joest, winning the race on both occasions. Location : now in Reinhold Joest's private museum.
791 - 1991: Nürburgring (1st), Magny Cours (5th), Mexico (6th), Sugo (9th). 1992: Miami (6th-DNF), Road Atlanta (1st), Lime Rock (accident in race). Rebuilt by Retract Composite and Lanzante Motorsport. Now as Show Car. Location : Previously England with same owner as X91 in 2014-2015, but since sold and exported to the U.S. in 2017.
X91 : New chassis tub built in 2003 before TWR liquidation. Location : Lanzante Motorsports, South of England (2003-2014). Sold in 2015 to new owner in England.
See also
References
- Johnston, Ian (24 May 2009). "Ross Brawn, Formula 1's kingmaker: profile". The Daily Telegraph. London. ISSN 0307-1235. OCLC 49632006. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- "John Stafford Iii: U.S. Customs data". www.tradesparq.com. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
External links
- Jaguar XJR-14 Technical Analysis
- (in French) Jaguar XJR-14 website
- (in French) Jaguar XJR-14 on WikiF1 Archived 15 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine
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