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| {{Short description|Yugoslav military officer (1913–1948)}} | |||
| {{Infobox military person | {{Infobox military person | ||
| |honorific_prefix = | | honorific_prefix = | ||
| |name |
| name = Vuk Kalaitović | ||
| |honorific_suffix = | | honorific_suffix = | ||
| |image |
| image = | ||
| |image_upright |
| image_upright = | ||
| |alt |
| alt = | ||
| |caption |
| caption = | ||
| |native_name |
| native_name = Вук Калаитовић | ||
| |native_name_lang = | | native_name_lang = | ||
| |birth_name |
| birth_name = | ||
| |other_name |
| other_name = | ||
| |nickname |
| nickname = Kalait | ||
| |birth_date |
| birth_date = 1913 | ||
| |birth_place |
| birth_place = Štitkovo, ], ] | ||
| |death_date |
| death_date = 1948 | ||
| |death_place |
| death_place = Pravoševo, ], ] | ||
| |placeofburial |
| placeofburial = | ||
| |placeofburial_label = | | placeofburial_label = | ||
| |placeofburial_coordinates = <!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}}--> | | placeofburial_coordinates = <!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}}--> | ||
| |allegiance |
| allegiance = {{flag|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}} | ||
| |branch |
| branch = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Chetniks.svg}} ] | ||
| |branch_label |
| branch_label = <!--"Branch" or "Service"--> | ||
| |serviceyears |
| serviceyears = | ||
| |serviceyears_label = | | serviceyears_label = | ||
| |rank |
| rank = Captain | ||
| |rank_label |
| rank_label = | ||
| |servicenumber |
| servicenumber = | ||
| |unit |
| unit = | ||
| |commands |
| commands = Mileševa Corps | ||
| ⚫ | | battles = {{Tree list}} | ||
| * Mileševa Corps | |||
| * ] | |||
| ⚫ | |battles |
||
| * Capture of Kokin Brod |
** Capture of Kokin Brod | ||
| * Battle of Nova Varoš |
** Battle of Nova Varoš | ||
| * ] | ** ] | ||
| {{Tree list/end}} | |||
| |battles_label |
| battles_label = | ||
| ⚫ | | |
||
| | |
| awards = | ||
| | |
| memorials = | ||
| | |
| spouse = | ||
| | |
| children = | ||
| | |
| relations = | ||
| | |
| laterwork = | ||
| | |
| signature = | ||
| | signature_size = | |||
| |signature_alt |
| signature_alt = | ||
| |website = <!--{{URL|example.com}}--> | |||
| | |
| website = <!--{{URL|example.com}}--> | ||
| ⚫ | | module = | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''Vuk Kalaitović''' was a Yugoslav military officer holding the rank of ] |
'''Vuk Kalaitović''' ({{lang-sr-Cyrl|Вук Калаитовић}}; 1913—1948) was a ] military officer holding the rank of ] who was commander of the ] Mileševa Corps during ].<ref>{{harv|Đurić|Mijović|1993|p=241}}:" капетан Вук Калаитовић, Командант Првог милошевског корпуса"</ref> | ||
| == World War II == | == World War II == | ||
| === Anti-Axis uprising in Serbia === | === Anti-Axis uprising in Serbia === | ||
| Line 55: | Line 59: | ||
| === Establishment of the Mileševa Corps === | === Establishment of the Mileševa Corps === | ||
| On 29 October 1941 Kalaitović attended the gathering of people from villages Štitkovo, Božetić and Bukovik, organized by Chetnik officer |
On 29 October 1941 Kalaitović attended the gathering of people from villages Štitkovo, Božetić and Bukovik, organized by Chetnik officer ].<ref>Милутин Живковић - НДХ У СРБИЈИ Усташки режим у Прибоју, Пријепољу, Новој Вароши и Сјеници(април–септембар 1941, Последице усташке управе НДХ и рецидиви њене политике према муслиманима, Publishers: ДРУШТВО ИСТОРИЧАРА СРБИЈЕ „СТОЈАН НОВАКОВИЋ“, ИНСТИТУТ ЗА СРПСКУ КУЛТУРУ ПРИШТИНА-ЛЕПОСАВИЋ, Belgrade 2017 p.254</ref> In February 1942 joint forces of Chetniks under command of Kalaitović and ] commanded by ] attacked the Communist forces.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ужице 1941: устанак у ужичком крају|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xJslAQAAMAAJ|year=1961|publisher=Војно дело|page=421|quote=....фебруара 1942. године заједничке четничке снаге поручника Калаитовића и муслиманска милиција Хасана Звиздића, почели су нападати са правца Сјенице, преко села Халиловића и Мишовића,}}</ref> Originally Kalaitović was under command of Chetnik commander ], who worked both for the German-appointed puppet ] and for the Chetniks of Draža Mihailović.<ref>{{harv|Živković|2017|p=552}}</ref> During anti-Partisan operation in April–May 1942, Kalaitović's detachment was known for lack of discipline, as well as from robbery from local population. Village of Ujniče near Nova Varoš, was completely robbed and razed and few citizens were killed by Kalaitović's men. Glišić thought this behaviour was 'ruining image of Chetnik movement'.<ref>{{harv|Živković|2017|p=601}}</ref> After Glišić was arrested by ]<ref>{{harv|Živković|2017|p=546}}</ref> in Autumn of 1942 the organization of the Chetnik units in valley of the river ] was changed, based on the initiative of Pavle Đurišić, and Mileševa Corp was established.<ref>Војноисторијски гласник 2/2018, Volume 151, p. 151, {{quote= Реогранизацијом четничких снага у Полимљу, у јесен 1942. године настаје Милешевски корпус ЈВуО. Јак подстицај стварању јединице дат је на састанку четничких команданата у Колашину 15. септембра.37 Његов иницијатор био је мајор Павле Ђуришић}}</ref> | ||
| During one battle with communist forces, Chetniks commanded by Kalaitović captured 120 enemy soldiers and discovered that 22 of them wore uniform of Ustaše, to whom they belonged before they joined the communists, and immediatelly executed them.<ref>{{cite book|title=The South Slav Journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aZQsAQAAIAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Dositey Obradovich Circle.|page=63|quote=Vuk Kalaitovic's Chetniks seeing Ustashas side by side with Tito's Partisans took over and had them executed on the spot. }}</ref> | |||
| === Participation in Đurišić's raids of revenge === | === Participation in Đurišić's raids of revenge === | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| On January 5, 1943, Montenegrin Chetniks, commanded by ], attacked 33 villages predominantly populated with Muslims in the region of Lower ].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Božović|first1=Branislav|last2=Vavić|first2=Milorad|title=Surova vremena na Kosovu i Metohiji: kvislinzi i kolaboracija u drugom svetskom ratu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-gdnAAAAMAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Institut za savremenu istoriju|page=246|quote=Четници Павла Ђуришића су, 5. јануара 1943. године, напали 33 села у Доњем Бихору, настањеном Муслиманима.}}</ref> They pursued raids of revenge against Sandžak Muslims, many being innocent villagers, with the goal of settling accounts with Muslim militias.<ref>{{harvnb|Redžić|2002|p=60}}<!--{{quote|Повод за напад четника на муслимане пружили су им они сами. Њихови прваци Хоџа Пачариз, Хасан Звиздић, Ћазим Сијарић}}--></ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Sedlar|first=Jean W.|title=The Axis empire in southeast Europe, 1939–1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DoEhAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Booklocker|isbn=978-1-60145-297-9|page=163<!-- |quote=Using Italian-supplied weapons, Chetnik troops led by Captain Pavle Djurisic carried out numerous attacks on Muslims, mostly in the Italian occupation zone. The original motive was probably to settle accounts with the Muslim militias allied ... -->}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Lampe|first=John R.| |
On January 5, 1943, Montenegrin Chetniks, commanded by ], attacked 33 villages predominantly populated with Muslims in the region of Lower ].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Božović|first1=Branislav|last2=Vavić|first2=Milorad|title=Surova vremena na Kosovu i Metohiji: kvislinzi i kolaboracija u drugom svetskom ratu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-gdnAAAAMAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Institut za savremenu istoriju|page=246|isbn=9788674030400|quote=Четници Павла Ђуришића су, 5. јануара 1943. године, напали 33 села у Доњем Бихору, настањеном Муслиманима.}}</ref> They pursued raids of revenge against Sandžak Muslims, many being innocent villagers, with the goal of settling accounts with Muslim militias.<ref>{{harvnb|Redžić|2002|p=60}}<!--{{quote|Повод за напад четника на муслимане пружили су им они сами. Њихови прваци Хоџа Пачариз, Хасан Звиздић, Ћазим Сијарић}}--></ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Sedlar|first=Jean W.|title=The Axis empire in southeast Europe, 1939–1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DoEhAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Booklocker|isbn=978-1-60145-297-9|page=163<!-- |quote=Using Italian-supplied weapons, Chetnik troops led by Captain Pavle Djurisic carried out numerous attacks on Muslims, mostly in the Italian occupation zone. The original motive was probably to settle accounts with the Muslim militias allied ... -->}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Lampe|first=John R.|author-link=John R. Lampe|title=Yugoslavia as History: Twice There Was a Country|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AZ1x7gvwx_8C&pg=PA215|year=2000|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-77401-7|page=215<!-- |quote=Only the eastern commander Đurišić was openly pro-Mihailović and was probably in contact with Chetnik headquarters in Serbia. But rather than pursue any coordinated operations, Djurisic concentrated on raids of revenge against the Sandzak Muslims, many of them innocent villagers. -->}}</ref> | ||
| In February 1943 Chetnik units commanded by Kalaitović, together with those commanded by Ostojić, Baćović, Đurišić and Lukačević killed about 1,200 Muslim Militiamen and about 8,000 women, children and old people.<ref name="DedijerMiletić1990">{{cite book|last1=Dedijer|first1=Vladimir|last2=Miletić|first2=Antun|title=Genocid nad Muslimanima, 1941-1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3_9mAAAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Svjetlost|page=591|quote=U februaru 1943. četnici, pod komandom Zaharija Ostojića, Petra Baćovića, Pavla Đurišića, Voje Lukačevića, Vuka Kalaitovića i drugih, u srezovima pljevaljskom, čajničkom i fočanskom zaklali su 1 200 muškaraca i 8000 staraca, žena i dece i }}</ref> | In February 1943, Chetnik units commanded by Kalaitović, together with those commanded by Ostojić, Baćović, Đurišić and Lukačević killed about 1,200 Muslim Militiamen and about 8,000 women, children and old people.<ref name="DedijerMiletić1990">{{cite book|last1=Dedijer|first1=Vladimir|last2=Miletić|first2=Antun|title=Genocid nad Muslimanima, 1941-1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3_9mAAAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Svjetlost|page=591|isbn=9788601015258|quote=U februaru 1943. četnici, pod komandom Zaharija Ostojića, Petra Baćovića, Pavla Đurišića, Voje Lukačevića, Vuka Kalaitovića i drugih, u srezovima pljevaljskom, čajničkom i fočanskom zaklali su 1 200 muškaraca i 8000 staraca, žena i dece i }}</ref> In just one village, Kasidoli near ], Kalaitović's troops killed 227 Muslims, most of whom were killed either by cold weapons or by being burnt alive in their homes.<ref>{{harv|Živković|2017|p=934}}</ref> | ||
| === Anti-partisan terror === | |||
| ⚫ | === Retreating with Đurišić toward Slovenia |
||
| In June 1943. Kalaitović ordered killing of 12 prominent pro-partisan villagers in Bistrica near ]. Another crime in Bistrica by Kalaitović's Chetniks happened in October of same year, when they killed 5 members of same family and burnt down 45 houses of partisan supporters.<ref>{{harv|Radanović|2016|pp=104–105}}</ref> In June 1944. 17 citizens of Nova Varoš and near by villages were executed by Mileševa Corps.<ref>{{harv|Radanović|2016|p=160}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | Mileševa Corp with 200 men at that time commanded by Kalaitović joined retreating units of ] at the end of 1944.<ref name="Kovačević1993">{{cite book|last=Kovačević|first=Branislav|title=Od vezirovog do zidanog mosta: tragična sudbina crnogorskih četnika u završnoj fazi rata : 1944-1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QhtNAAAAMAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Službeni list SRJ|page=107|quote=У саставу Ђуришићевих јединица био је и Милешевски корпус од око двије стотине бораца, којим је командовао Вук Калаитовић. }}</ref> On 16 December 1944 his units were ambushed near Miljevina and suffered substantial |
||
| ⚫ | === Retreating with Đurišić toward Slovenia through Bosnia === | ||
| ⚫ | Mileševa Corp with 200 men at that time commanded by Kalaitović joined retreating units of ] at the end of 1944.<ref name="Kovačević1993">{{cite book|last=Kovačević|first=Branislav|title=Od vezirovog do zidanog mosta: tragična sudbina crnogorskih četnika u završnoj fazi rata : 1944-1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QhtNAAAAMAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Službeni list SRJ|page=107|isbn=9788635501895|quote=У саставу Ђуришићевих јединица био је и Милешевски корпус од око двије стотине бораца, којим је командовао Вук Калаитовић. }}</ref> On 16 December 1944 his units were ambushed near Miljevina and suffered substantial casualties that left him unable for further actions.<ref name="Serbia)1968">{{cite book|last=Serbia)|first=Vojnoistorijski institut (Belgrade|title=Zbornik dokumenata i podataka o narodnooslobodilačkom ratu naroda Jugoslavija|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rZTzAAAAMAAJ|year=1968|publisher=Vojnoistorijski institut|page=287|quote= Kalaitović ima oko 300 ljudi ali je 16. (decembra) bio iznenađen kod Miljevine, pretrpeo gubitke, nesposoban he za dalju akciju. }}</ref> | ||
| The Chetnik units were restructured against the order published on 5 January 1945, but Mileševa Corps remained non-restructured and under command of Kalaitović and among other Chetnik units of Chetnik HQ for Montenegro, Boka and Old Ras.<ref name="PajovićŽeljeznov1987">{{cite book|last1=Pajović|first1=Radoje|last2=Željeznov|first2=Dušan|last3=Božović|first3=Branislav|title=Pavle Đurišić, Lovro Hacin, Juraj Špiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iE0NAAAAIAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Centar za informacije i publicitet|isbn=978-86-7125-006-1|page=88|quote=Preformiranje jedinica prema toj odluci obavljeno je 5. siječnja 1945. U sastavu komande Crne Gore, Boke i Starog Rasa nalazio se i Mileševski korpus pod zapovjedništvom Vuka Kalaitovića, koji nije preformiran...}}</ref> Kalaitović and his units participated in the ]. | The Chetnik units were restructured against the order published on 5 January 1945, but Mileševa Corps remained non-restructured and under command of Kalaitović and among other Chetnik units of Chetnik HQ for Montenegro, Boka and Old Ras.<ref name="PajovićŽeljeznov1987">{{cite book|last1=Pajović|first1=Radoje|last2=Željeznov|first2=Dušan|last3=Božović|first3=Branislav|title=Pavle Đurišić, Lovro Hacin, Juraj Špiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iE0NAAAAIAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Centar za informacije i publicitet|isbn=978-86-7125-006-1|page=88|quote=Preformiranje jedinica prema toj odluci obavljeno je 5. siječnja 1945. U sastavu komande Crne Gore, Boke i Starog Rasa nalazio se i Mileševski korpus pod zapovjedništvom Vuka Kalaitovića, koji nije preformiran...}}</ref> Kalaitović and his units participated in the ]. | ||
| === Leaving Đurišić and return to Štitkovo === | === Leaving Đurišić and return to Štitkovo === | ||
| After the battle, Kalaitović and group of his Chetniks retreated from the region of ] with intention to return to Sanjak region.<ref name="Vukanović1982">{{cite book|last=Vukanović|first=Radovan|title=Drugi udarni korpus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eY2EAAAAIAAJ|year=1982|publisher=Vojnoizdavački zavod|page=458|quote=Исте судбине био је Вук Калаитовић, четнички командант из Сан- иака, који се вратно из рејона Бања Луке у Санџак са групом својих припадника |
After the battle, Kalaitović and group of his Chetniks retreated from the region of ] with intention to return to Sanjak region.<ref name="Vukanović1982">{{cite book|last=Vukanović|first=Radovan|title=Drugi udarni korpus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eY2EAAAAIAAJ|year=1982|publisher=Vojnoizdavački zavod|page=458|quote=Исте судбине био је Вук Калаитовић, четнички командант из Сан- иака, који се вратно из рејона Бања Луке у Санџак са групом својих припадника, али је ускоро откривен и после гоњења од јединица КНОЈа годину дана касније убијен.}}</ref> They left Đurišić on 9 April 1945.<ref name = "glasnik">Војноисторијски гласник 1/2017. MA Boris Tomanić THE MOUNTAIN GUARD OF H. M. KING PETER II IN ORAŠAC MUNICIPALITY. FORMATION, COMBATS, CRIMES, p. 133</ref> In area between ] and ], 37th Sandžak division inflicted significant losses to Kalaitović's Chetniks. According to report dated 1 May 1945 they captured around 80 Chetniks, and Kalaitović escaped towards ] with around hundred men.<ref>{{harv|Radanović|2016|pp=449–450}}</ref> | ||
| Kalaitović was one of Chetnik commanders who survived defeat of Chetnik forces on Zelengora on 13 May 1945.<ref |
Kalaitović was one of Chetnik commanders who survived defeat of Chetnik forces on Zelengora on 13 May 1945.<ref name = "glasnik" /> | ||
| After the war Kalaitović lead a unit of outlaws, who were responsible for killing 31 people, mostly civilians.<ref>{{harv|Radanović|2016|p=542}}</ref> Kalaitović died in January 1948, in a fight with Yugoslav police.<ref>{{harv|Živković|2017|p=383}}</ref> | |||
| == Legacy == | == Legacy == | ||
| In 2010 a monument dedicated to Kalaitović was placed in village Štitkovo on the Kalaitović family estate.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vučićević |first1=Vojin |url=http://www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/230673/Acif-efendija-i-Vuk-Kalajitovic-Kalajit | |
In 2010 a monument dedicated to Kalaitović was placed in the village of Štitkovo on the Kalaitović family estate.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vučićević |first1=Vojin|title=Аћиф eфендија и Вук Калајитовић Калајит |url=http://www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/230673/Acif-efendija-i-Vuk-Kalajitovic-Kalajit |access-date=28 October 2019 |publisher=Politika |date=23 August 2012}}</ref> Serbian historian Salih Selimović states that Kalaitović protected the Muslim population and never attacked any of Muslim localities within the zone of his responsibility. When, during 1945, Communist authorities discovered that Kalaitović was hiding in the village of Kladnica, they blocked the area, but Muslim villagers helped Kalaitović to hide and escape.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Selimović|first1=Salih|date=5 February 2019|title=Светли примери заједничког живота|url=http://www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/421659/Pogledi/Svetli-primeri-zajednickog-zivota|journal=Politika|access-date=25 January 2020|quote=Командант 2. Златарског корпуса ЈВуО капетан Вук Калаитовић Калаит није дозволио да у Новој Вароши његови војници убију ниједног муслимана. Никада није напао суседно подручје Кладнице од осам села насељених муслиманима, нити је неко од њих био убијен од стране његових бораца. Када је Озна 1945. године лоцирала капетана Калаита у Кладници блокирала је са јединицама Кноја цело подручје настојећи да га ухвате или ликвидирају. Муслимани капетана Калаита стрпају у сламу натоварену на воловска кола и провуку га на безбедно место. Њих нико није контролисао, не верујући да би муслимани спасавали четничког команданта.}}</ref> Serbian historian ] objected to the monument in Štitkovo because Kalaitović's units did commit war crimes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bista Kalaita krivljenje istorije |url=https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2010&mm=09&dd=24&nav_category=12&nav_id=460894 |website=b92 |access-date=26 January 2020}}</ref> | ||
| In 2013 a memorial |
In 2013 a memorial plaque to 108 Chetniks who died in the World War II was placed in Štitkovo.<ref>{{cite news |title=Otkriveno spomen obeležje Kalajitovim saborcima |url=https://www.blic.rs/vesti/drustvo/otkriveno-spomen-obelezje-kalajitovim-saborcima/yqw5m52 |access-date=25 January 2020 |agency=Tanjug |publisher=Blic |date=29 August 2013}}</ref> | ||
| == References == | == References == | ||
| Line 85: | Line 92: | ||
| == Sources == | == Sources == | ||
| {{refbegin| |
{{refbegin|20em}} | ||
| * {{cite book |
* {{cite book|last1=Đurić|first1=Veljko Đ|last2=Mijović|first2=Miličko|title=Ilustrovana istorija četničkog pokreta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hja5AAAAIAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Narodna knj.}} | ||
| * {{cite book|last=Pajović|first=Radoje|year=1977|title=Kontrarevolucija u Crnoj Gori: Četnički i federalistički pokret, 1941–1945|trans-title=The Counter-revolution in Montenegro: The Chetnik and Federalist Movements, 1941–1945|publisher=Obod|location=]|oclc=5351995|language=sh |
* {{cite book|last=Pajović|first=Radoje|year=1977|title=Kontrarevolucija u Crnoj Gori: Četnički i federalistički pokret, 1941–1945|trans-title=The Counter-revolution in Montenegro: The Chetnik and Federalist Movements, 1941–1945|publisher=Obod|location=]|oclc=5351995|language=sh}} | ||
| * {{cite book|last=Petrović|first=Milić F.|title=Istorija Pljevalja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n1zxZwEACAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Opština Pljevalja|chapter=Nacionalni Pokreti u Pljevaljskom Kraju 1941-1945 |
* {{cite book|last=Petrović|first=Milić F.|title=Istorija Pljevalja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n1zxZwEACAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Opština Pljevalja|chapter=Nacionalni Pokreti u Pljevaljskom Kraju 1941-1945}} | ||
| * {{cite book|last=Redžić|first=Vučeta|title=Građanski rat u Crnoj Gori: Dešavanja od sredine 1942. godine do sredine 1945. godine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=15awAAAAIAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Stupovi |
* {{cite book|last=Redžić|first=Vučeta|title=Građanski rat u Crnoj Gori: Dešavanja od sredine 1942. godine do sredine 1945. godine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=15awAAAAIAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Stupovi}} | ||
| * {{cite thesis | |||
| | type=Doctoral | |||
| | last = Živković | |||
| | first = Milutin D. | |||
| | year = 2017 | |||
| | title = Санџак 1941–1943 | |||
| | trans-title = Sandžak 1941–1943 | |||
| | publisher = University of Belgrade | |||
| | location = Belgrade | |||
| | oclc = 1242119546 | |||
| | lang = sh | |||
| }} | |||
| * {{cite book | |||
| | last = Radanović | |||
| | first = Milan | |||
| | year = 2016 | |||
| | title = Kazna i zločin: snage kolaboracije u Srbiji: odgovornost za ratne zločine (1941–1944) i vojni gubici (1944–1945) | |||
| | trans-title = Punishment and Crime: Collaboration Forces in Serbia: Responsibility for War Crimes (1941-1944) and Military Losses (1944-1945) | |||
| | language = sh | |||
| | publisher =Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung | |||
| | location = Belgrade, Serbia | |||
| | isbn = 978-86-88745-16-1 | |||
| }} | |||
| {{refend}} | {{refend}} | ||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Kalaitovic, Vuk}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Kalaitovic, Vuk}} | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
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Latest revision as of 04:53, 14 December 2024
Yugoslav military officer (1913–1948)| Vuk Kalaitović | |
|---|---|
| Native name | Вук Калаитовић |
| Nickname(s) | Kalait |
| Born | 1913 Štitkovo, Nova Varoš, Kingdom of Serbia |
| Died | 1948 Pravoševo, Zlatar, FPR Yugoslavia |
| Allegiance |  Kingdom of Yugoslavia |
| Service |  Chetniks |
| Rank | Captain |
| Commands | Mileševa Corps |
| Battles / wars |
|
Vuk Kalaitović (Serbian Cyrillic: Вук Калаитовић; 1913—1948) was a Yugoslav military officer holding the rank of captain who was commander of the Chetnik Mileševa Corps during World War II.
World War II
Anti-Axis uprising in Serbia
Kalaitović became active in resistance to Axis occupation of Yugoslavia in August 1941. On 25 August, together with units of voivode Đekić and Vlajko Ćurčić (voivode of Zlatar) he participated in capture of Axis controlled Kokin Brod when all members of its garrison were killed. His deputy was Borislav Mirković.
Kalaitović almost certainly participated in the Battle of Nova Varoš on 5 September 1941.
Establishment of the Mileševa Corps
On 29 October 1941 Kalaitović attended the gathering of people from villages Štitkovo, Božetić and Bukovik, organized by Chetnik officer Boža Javorski. In February 1942 joint forces of Chetniks under command of Kalaitović and Muslim militia commanded by Hasan Zvizdić attacked the Communist forces. Originally Kalaitović was under command of Chetnik commander Miloš Glišić, who worked both for the German-appointed puppet Government of National Salvation and for the Chetniks of Draža Mihailović. During anti-Partisan operation in April–May 1942, Kalaitović's detachment was known for lack of discipline, as well as from robbery from local population. Village of Ujniče near Nova Varoš, was completely robbed and razed and few citizens were killed by Kalaitović's men. Glišić thought this behaviour was 'ruining image of Chetnik movement'. After Glišić was arrested by Gestapo in Autumn of 1942 the organization of the Chetnik units in valley of the river Lim was changed, based on the initiative of Pavle Đurišić, and Mileševa Corp was established.
Participation in Đurišić's raids of revenge
On January 5, 1943, Montenegrin Chetniks, commanded by Pavle Đurišić, attacked 33 villages predominantly populated with Muslims in the region of Lower Bihor. They pursued raids of revenge against Sandžak Muslims, many being innocent villagers, with the goal of settling accounts with Muslim militias.
In February 1943, Chetnik units commanded by Kalaitović, together with those commanded by Ostojić, Baćović, Đurišić and Lukačević killed about 1,200 Muslim Militiamen and about 8,000 women, children and old people. In just one village, Kasidoli near Priboj, Kalaitović's troops killed 227 Muslims, most of whom were killed either by cold weapons or by being burnt alive in their homes.
Anti-partisan terror
In June 1943. Kalaitović ordered killing of 12 prominent pro-partisan villagers in Bistrica near Nova Varoš. Another crime in Bistrica by Kalaitović's Chetniks happened in October of same year, when they killed 5 members of same family and burnt down 45 houses of partisan supporters. In June 1944. 17 citizens of Nova Varoš and near by villages were executed by Mileševa Corps.
Retreating with Đurišić toward Slovenia through Bosnia
Mileševa Corp with 200 men at that time commanded by Kalaitović joined retreating units of Pavle Đurišić at the end of 1944. On 16 December 1944 his units were ambushed near Miljevina and suffered substantial casualties that left him unable for further actions.
The Chetnik units were restructured against the order published on 5 January 1945, but Mileševa Corps remained non-restructured and under command of Kalaitović and among other Chetnik units of Chetnik HQ for Montenegro, Boka and Old Ras. Kalaitović and his units participated in the Battle of Lijevče Field.
Leaving Đurišić and return to Štitkovo
After the battle, Kalaitović and group of his Chetniks retreated from the region of Banja Luka with intention to return to Sanjak region. They left Đurišić on 9 April 1945. In area between Kalinovik and Foča, 37th Sandžak division inflicted significant losses to Kalaitović's Chetniks. According to report dated 1 May 1945 they captured around 80 Chetniks, and Kalaitović escaped towards Romanija with around hundred men.
Kalaitović was one of Chetnik commanders who survived defeat of Chetnik forces on Zelengora on 13 May 1945.
After the war Kalaitović lead a unit of outlaws, who were responsible for killing 31 people, mostly civilians. Kalaitović died in January 1948, in a fight with Yugoslav police.
Legacy
In 2010 a monument dedicated to Kalaitović was placed in the village of Štitkovo on the Kalaitović family estate. Serbian historian Salih Selimović states that Kalaitović protected the Muslim population and never attacked any of Muslim localities within the zone of his responsibility. When, during 1945, Communist authorities discovered that Kalaitović was hiding in the village of Kladnica, they blocked the area, but Muslim villagers helped Kalaitović to hide and escape. Serbian historian Dubravka Stojanović objected to the monument in Štitkovo because Kalaitović's units did commit war crimes. In 2013 a memorial plaque to 108 Chetniks who died in the World War II was placed in Štitkovo.
References
- (Đurić & Mijović 1993, p. 241):" капетан Вук Калаитовић, Командант Првог милошевског корпуса"
- Милутин Живковић - НДХ У СРБИЈИ Усташки режим у Прибоју, Пријепољу, Новој Вароши и Сјеници (април–септембар 1941, Последице усташке управе НДХ и рецидиви њене политике према муслиманима, Publishers: ДРУШТВО ИСТОРИЧАРА СРБИЈЕ „СТОЈАН НОВАКОВИЋ“, ИНСТИТУТ ЗА СРПСКУ КУЛТУРУ ПРИШТИНА-ЛЕПОСАВИЋ, Belgrade 2017 p.195, "Одред војводе Ђекића извршио је крајем августа 1941. године неколико успешних напада на оружничке станице у Нововарошком и Сјеничком котару. Дана 25. августа заузета је постаја Кокин Брод, а њена целокупна посада ликвидирана. У овом нападу су вероватно учествовали и одреди које су водили Влајко Ћурчић, војвода златарски, чија се јединица (настала маја 1941) кретала Божетићком општином, те бивши поручник Југословенске војске Вук Калаитовић (1913– 1948) из Штиткова, који се активира управо током августа."
- Treća proleterska sandžačka brigada: zbornik sećanja. Vojnoizdavaćki zavod. 1970. p. 121.
Борислав Мирковић, заменик Вука Калаитовића.
- Милутин Живковић - НДХ У СРБИЈИ Усташки режим у Прибоју, Пријепољу, Новој Вароши и Сјеници (април–септембар 1941, Последице усташке управе НДХ и рецидиви њене политике према муслиманима, Publishers: ДРУШТВО ИСТОРИЧАРА СРБИЈЕ „СТОЈАН НОВАКОВИЋ“, ИНСТИТУТ ЗА СРПСКУ КУЛТУРУ ПРИШТИНА-ЛЕПОСАВИЋ, Belgrade 2017 p.242
- Милутин Живковић - НДХ У СРБИЈИ Усташки режим у Прибоју, Пријепољу, Новој Вароши и Сјеници(април–септембар 1941, Последице усташке управе НДХ и рецидиви њене политике према муслиманима, Publishers: ДРУШТВО ИСТОРИЧАРА СРБИЈЕ „СТОЈАН НОВАКОВИЋ“, ИНСТИТУТ ЗА СРПСКУ КУЛТУРУ ПРИШТИНА-ЛЕПОСАВИЋ, Belgrade 2017 p.254
- Ужице 1941: устанак у ужичком крају. Војно дело. 1961. p. 421.
....фебруара 1942. године заједничке четничке снаге поручника Калаитовића и муслиманска милиција Хасана Звиздића, почели су нападати са правца Сјенице, преко села Халиловића и Мишовића,
- (Živković 2017, p. 552)
- (Živković 2017, p. 601)
- (Živković 2017, p. 546)
- Војноисторијски гласник 2/2018, Volume 151, p. 151, {{quote= Реогранизацијом четничких снага у Полимљу, у јесен 1942. године настаје Милешевски корпус ЈВуО. Јак подстицај стварању јединице дат је на састанку четничких команданата у Колашину 15. септембра.37 Његов иницијатор био је мајор Павле Ђуришић}}
- Božović, Branislav; Vavić, Milorad (1991). Surova vremena na Kosovu i Metohiji: kvislinzi i kolaboracija u drugom svetskom ratu. Institut za savremenu istoriju. p. 246. ISBN 9788674030400.
Четници Павла Ђуришића су, 5. јануара 1943. године, напали 33 села у Доњем Бихору, настањеном Муслиманима.
- Redžić 2002, p. 60
- Sedlar, Jean W. (2007). The Axis empire in southeast Europe, 1939–1945. Booklocker. p. 163. ISBN 978-1-60145-297-9.
- Lampe, John R. (2000). Yugoslavia as History: Twice There Was a Country. Cambridge University Press. p. 215. ISBN 978-0-521-77401-7.
- Dedijer, Vladimir; Miletić, Antun (1990). Genocid nad Muslimanima, 1941-1945. Svjetlost. p. 591. ISBN 9788601015258.
U februaru 1943. četnici, pod komandom Zaharija Ostojića, Petra Baćovića, Pavla Đurišića, Voje Lukačevića, Vuka Kalaitovića i drugih, u srezovima pljevaljskom, čajničkom i fočanskom zaklali su 1 200 muškaraca i 8000 staraca, žena i dece i
- (Živković 2017, p. 934)
- (Radanović 2016, pp. 104–105)
- (Radanović 2016, p. 160)
- Kovačević, Branislav (1993). Od vezirovog do zidanog mosta: tragična sudbina crnogorskih četnika u završnoj fazi rata : 1944-1945. Službeni list SRJ. p. 107. ISBN 9788635501895.
У саставу Ђуришићевих јединица био је и Милешевски корпус од око двије стотине бораца, којим је командовао Вук Калаитовић.
- Serbia), Vojnoistorijski institut (Belgrade (1968). Zbornik dokumenata i podataka o narodnooslobodilačkom ratu naroda Jugoslavija. Vojnoistorijski institut. p. 287.
Kalaitović ima oko 300 ljudi ali je 16. (decembra) bio iznenađen kod Miljevine, pretrpeo gubitke, nesposoban he za dalju akciju.
- Pajović, Radoje; Željeznov, Dušan; Božović, Branislav (1987). Pavle Đurišić, Lovro Hacin, Juraj Špiler. Centar za informacije i publicitet. p. 88. ISBN 978-86-7125-006-1.
Preformiranje jedinica prema toj odluci obavljeno je 5. siječnja 1945. U sastavu komande Crne Gore, Boke i Starog Rasa nalazio se i Mileševski korpus pod zapovjedništvom Vuka Kalaitovića, koji nije preformiran...
- Vukanović, Radovan (1982). Drugi udarni korpus. Vojnoizdavački zavod. p. 458.
Исте судбине био је Вук Калаитовић, четнички командант из Сан- иака, који се вратно из рејона Бања Луке у Санџак са групом својих припадника, али је ускоро откривен и после гоњења од јединица КНОЈа годину дана касније убијен.
- ^ Војноисторијски гласник 1/2017. MA Boris Tomanić THE MOUNTAIN GUARD OF H. M. KING PETER II IN ORAŠAC MUNICIPALITY. FORMATION, COMBATS, CRIMES, p. 133
- (Radanović 2016, pp. 449–450)
- (Radanović 2016, p. 542)
- (Živković 2017, p. 383)
- Vučićević, Vojin (23 August 2012). "Аћиф eфендија и Вук Калајитовић Калајит". Politika. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
- Selimović, Salih (5 February 2019). "Светли примери заједничког живота". Politika. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
Командант 2. Златарског корпуса ЈВуО капетан Вук Калаитовић Калаит није дозволио да у Новој Вароши његови војници убију ниједног муслимана. Никада није напао суседно подручје Кладнице од осам села насељених муслиманима, нити је неко од њих био убијен од стране његових бораца. Када је Озна 1945. године лоцирала капетана Калаита у Кладници блокирала је са јединицама Кноја цело подручје настојећи да га ухвате или ликвидирају. Муслимани капетана Калаита стрпају у сламу натоварену на воловска кола и провуку га на безбедно место. Њих нико није контролисао, не верујући да би муслимани спасавали четничког команданта.
- "Bista Kalaita krivljenje istorije". b92. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
- "Otkriveno spomen obeležje Kalajitovim saborcima". Blic. Tanjug. 29 August 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
Sources
- Đurić, Veljko Đ; Mijović, Miličko (1993). Ilustrovana istorija četničkog pokreta. Narodna knj.
- Pajović, Radoje (1977). Kontrarevolucija u Crnoj Gori: Četnički i federalistički pokret, 1941–1945 [The Counter-revolution in Montenegro: The Chetnik and Federalist Movements, 1941–1945] (in Serbo-Croatian). Cetinje: Obod. OCLC 5351995.
- Petrović, Milić F. (2009). "Nacionalni Pokreti u Pljevaljskom Kraju 1941-1945". Istorija Pljevalja. Opština Pljevalja.
- Redžić, Vučeta (2002). Građanski rat u Crnoj Gori: Dešavanja od sredine 1942. godine do sredine 1945. godine. Stupovi.
- Živković, Milutin D. (2017). Санџак 1941–1943 [Sandžak 1941–1943] (Doctoral) (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade: University of Belgrade. OCLC 1242119546.
- Radanović, Milan (2016). Kazna i zločin: snage kolaboracije u Srbiji: odgovornost za ratne zločine (1941–1944) i vojni gubici (1944–1945) [Punishment and Crime: Collaboration Forces in Serbia: Responsibility for War Crimes (1941-1944) and Military Losses (1944-1945)] (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade, Serbia: Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung. ISBN 978-86-88745-16-1.