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{{Short description|Hindu fishing caste}}
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'''Turaiha''' is a ] ] ] found in ] of ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=तुरैहा समाज को अनुसूचित जाति में करें शामिल |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/rampur/story-include-turaiha-society-in-scheduled-caste-4100202.html |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-20 |title=लाल बहादुर बने भारतीय तुरैहा समाज के युवा जिला अध्यक्ष - Ballia News - बलिया समाचार, Ballia खबर, Breaking News on Crime, Politics & more by बलिया LIVE |work=Ballia News - बलिया समाचार, Ballia खबर, Breaking News on Crime, Politics & more by बलिया LIVE - न TV न अखबार, बस खांटी समाचार |url=https://ballialive.in/2023/115530/ballia-district/sikandarpur/lal-bahadur-became-the-youth-district-president-of-indian-turaiha-samaj/ |access-date=2024-05-26 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
'''Turaiha (Turai)'''(Turaha) is a fishing related Hindu ], mostly found in Northern Indian states of United Province, Delhi, Bihar, Bengal and Maharashtra. Main population of Turaiha depends on rivers, fish ponds and lakes. In ] they known as Turai, Turaha and Turahiya. As similar they found Agra, Gorakhpur, ] (], ], Ballia ], Oudh and Benares divisions of United Province.<ref>As described by W. Crooke 1896{{where|date=August 2012}}</re


==History== ==References==
⚫ {{reflist}}
The synonyms of Turaiha people are Turi<ref> Census of India 1961 , Appendices to census manual- part 1 Uttar Pradesh , issued by superintendent census operations Uttar Pradesh Lucknow (September 1960 ) में अनुसूचित जाति Name of Scheduled castes के सम्मुख Synonyms पर्यायवाची or generic name का उल्लेख है। जिसके क्रमांक 63 पर Shilpkar अनुसूचित जाति के सामने उसकी Synonyms पर्यायवाची or generic name का उल्लेख है। क्रमांक 64 पर Turaiha अनुसूचित जाति का उल्लेख है -Turaiha . . „ (Symbol „ means The ditto mark ( „ ) is a typographic symbol indicating that the word(s) or figure(s) above its are to be repeated or same as above )
इस प्रकार से Shilpkar अनुसूचित जाति के सामने जो उसकी Synonyms पर्यायवाची or generic name का उल्लेख है वही हु बहु Turaiha अनुसूचित जाति की Synonyms पर्यायवाची or generic name है। जिसमे Turi Synonyms पर्यायवाची or generic name का उल्लेख है।
</ref>, Toriya, Turai, Turahiya, Turha or Turaha<ref>W. Crooke - An ethnographical handbook for North Western Province & Oudh 1890, Page Number 195( 1890 में William Crooke द्वारा लिखित किताब An Ethnographical Hand-Book for the North-Western Provinces & Oudh के page no. 195 में Turi के Synonyms पर्यायवाची or generic name का उल्लेख है जो की Toriya, Turai, Turha or Turaha हैं।)</ref> and Turaiya, These are all fisherman and where they are, they usually engaged in fishing, cultivational and fruit selling job. In Gorakhpur and Benares divisions of United Province, they also grow vegetables, take fruit gardens and fisheries on contract. They are the best fishmongers of India. Turaiha community is near to ] tribe and also treated as '']'' (fishing caste).<ref>E.J. Kitts, in their compendium of Tribe & Castes of India: 1885</ref> They worship son god and Chaat mai for their Happiness. They are growing are moving towards the economically stable condition. There is also a small community of Turai people in Sangli, Maharashtra.


==Origin== ===Notes===
In census report of 1931 A.C. Turner describes, "Turaha are an offshoot (Branch) from Kahar, who have a sub caste Turai in the plains and of ] in Hills. Now they form a distinct caste apart from Kahar. They are unknown about their origin but they accept, they have a relation with Sun God]. They form one endogamous group. The Gotra (Clan) of Turaiha People is '']'' and they have no sub castes. Marriage by exchange is practiced. The dowry is largely prevalent and is paid in cash and kind but little more. Widow remarriage is freely allowed, and younger brother may take his elder brother's widow to wife if he chooses . Polygamy is permissible but is seldom practiced. The Turahas cremate their dead. Turahas take ''Pakki'' prepared by ]s, Kahar, Nai, ], Kalwar, Teli, ] and Pasi. After independence, Turaiha was declared as scheduled caste in constitution of India."


⚫ *{{cite book |title=The tribes and castes of the North-western Provinces and Oudh |last=Crooke |first=William |author-link=William Crooke |year=1896 |publisher=Office of the superintendent of government printing |oclc=4770515 }}
==Belief==
⚫ *{{cite book |title=A compendium of the castes and tribes found in India |last=Kitts |first=Eustace J. |year=1885 |publisher=Education Society's Press |oclc=221519543 }}
The Turaiha are Hindu. They belong to Shiva and Baghwat Sects. Their deities are siloman Baba, Amna Bhawani, Biratiya, Bhairo, Pancho Peer, Ghatoria Baba, Maadho Baba and Kalu Dev. They follows themselves to Guru Machchhendar Nath. They accept ''Mata ]'' and ''Veer ''] as their ancestors and regards them to frame their pictures in their houses. They celebrate their main festival in the month of Sawan held on last Saturday with offering seven chief grains (Wheat, Rice, Gram, Urd, Barley, Peas and Til) with Bread and Kheer ]. Many people scarifie goats to ''Sanichar Raja ] ] (Kalu Baba)''. ''Sanichar Raja (Kalu Baba)]'' is the chief deity ] of Turaihas. They have an impermanent ''panchayat'' which consists of the whole ''biradari''. The ''Chaudhri'' presides and act as the executive officer of the community. Stern action is taken against anyone who fails to obey the ''panchayat'' which does not hesitate to order ''Hukka-Pani band''.
⚫ *{{cite book |title=Hindu castes and sects: an exposition of the origin of the Hindu caste system and the bearing of the sects towards each other and towards other religious systems |last=Bhattacharya |first=Jogendra Nath |author-link=Jogendra Nath Bhattacharya |year=1896 |publisher=Thacker, Spink |oclc=11383590 }}

⚫ *{{cite book |title=Census of India, 1931, vol. XVIII. United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. Part I |last=Turner |first=A. C. |year=1933 |publisher=The Superintendent, Printing and stationery, United Provinces |oclc=79175745 }}
==Contemporary problems==
⚫ *{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Rampur State |year=1911 |publisher=W.C. Abel, Govt. Press, United Provinces |oclc=15933577 }}
The main problems of this community are frequent joblessness, lack of education and lifelong poverty. Turaiha people are mostly Landless labour and live in ''Kachche Houses''. 98% population of Turaiha people are living below poverty level. 0.1% people are educated and Socio-economic condition of the whole community is very poor. In Indian political reference, Caste factor plays an important role in election, so due to minority, lack of organization and disunity, there is no political Sound and Godfather of Turaihas. Although the government has declared Turaiha as schedule caste since 1952, but the beneficiaries are some other majority holding schedule castes only. The main organizations of Turaihas are Bhartiya Turaiha Mahasabha (Regd.) led by Dr. Ram Swaroop Verma {Aligarh}, Akhil Bhartiya Turaiha samaaj (Regd.) headed by Dr. Ram Avtar "Madhur" (Meerut) and Turaiha Machhuaara kanyaan Parishad (Regd.) presided by Dr. Kripaal Singh Turaiha (Rampur). Akhil Bhartiya Turaiha Samaj Bilari (Regd.) presided by Dr. Ajay pal Singh Vill. ] (Moradabad)UP.
⚫ *{{cite book |title=A glossary of the tribes & castes of the Punjab & North-west frontier province |last=Rose |first=H. A. |year=1911 |publisher=Superintendent, government printing, Punjab |oclc=63616288 }}

==Population==
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2012}}
*India about 609,000
*Uttar Pradesh 175,000
*Bihar 248,000
*West Bengal 96,000
*Uttaranchal 10,000
*Delhi 55,000
*Jharkhand 25,000
*Maharashtra 10,000

==References==
⚫ {{reflist}}
⚫ *{{cite book |title=The tribes and castes of the North-western Provinces and Oudh |last=Crooke |first=William |authorlink=William Crooke |year=1896 |publisher=Office of the superintendent of government printing |oclc=4770515 |page= }}
⚫ *{{cite book |title=A compendium of the castes and tribes found in India |last=Kitts |first=Eustace J. |year=1885 |publisher=Education Society's Press |oclc=221519543 |page= }}
⚫ *{{cite book |title=Hindu castes and sects: an exposition of the origin of the Hindu caste system and the bearing of the sects towards each other and towards other religious systems |last=Bhattacharya |first=Jogendra Nath |authorlink=Jogendra Nath Bhattacharya |year=1896 |publisher=Thacker, Spink |oclc=11383590 |page= }}
⚫ *{{cite book |title=Census of India, 1931, vol. XVIII. United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. Part I |last=Turner |first=A. C. |year=1933 |publisher=The Superintendent, Printing and stationary, United Provinces |oclc=79175745 |page= }}
⚫ *{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Rampur State |year=1911 |publisher=W.C. Abel, Govt. Press, United Provinces |oclc=15933577 |page= }}
⚫ *{{cite book |title=A glossary of the tribes & castes of the Punjab & North-west frontier province |last=Rose |first=H. A. |year=1911 |publisher=Superintendent, government printing, Punjab |oclc=63616288 |page= }}
*Retrieved January 24, 2019, from http://164.100.129.6/netnrega/state_html/UID_rpt_detail.aspx?DBT=&page=P&type=1&short_name=MH&state_name=MAHARASHTRA&state_code=18&district_name=SANGLI&district_code=1812&block_name=JATH&block_code=&panchayat_name=VHASPETH&panchayat_code=1812005145&fin_year=2014-2015&source=&Digest=NVy2UbhJ4gfnhqi/F4ln+w *Retrieved January 24, 2019, from http://164.100.129.6/netnrega/state_html/UID_rpt_detail.aspx?DBT=&page=P&type=1&short_name=MH&state_name=MAHARASHTRA&state_code=18&district_name=SANGLI&district_code=1812&block_name=JATH&block_code=&panchayat_name=VHASPETH&panchayat_code=1812005145&fin_year=2014-2015&source=&Digest=NVy2UbhJ4gfnhqi/F4ln+w


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Hindu fishing caste
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Turaiha is a Hindu fishing caste found in Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

References

  1. "तुरैहा समाज को अनुसूचित जाति में करें शामिल". Hindustan (in Hindi). Retrieved 26 May 2024.
  2. "लाल बहादुर बने भारतीय तुरैहा समाज के युवा जिला अध्यक्ष - Ballia News - बलिया समाचार, Ballia खबर, Breaking News on Crime, Politics & more by बलिया LIVE". Ballia News - बलिया समाचार, Ballia खबर, Breaking News on Crime, Politics & more by बलिया LIVE - न TV न अखबार, बस खांटी समाचार. 20 August 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2024.

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