| Revision as of 19:09, 9 November 2020 editJohnGDallman (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users1,714 edits →Description: Improved the English a little.← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 17:06, 24 October 2024 edit undoMonkbot (talk | contribs)Bots3,695,952 editsm Task 20: replace {lang-??} templates with {langx|??} ‹See Tfd› (Replaced 1);Tag: AWB | ||
| (5 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| {{More footnotes|date=June 2013}} | |||
| {{Infobox weapon | {{Infobox weapon | ||
| |name= UB machine gun | |name= UB machine gun | ||
| Line 22: | Line 21: | ||
| |variants= | |variants= | ||
| <!-- General specifications --> | <!-- General specifications --> | ||
| |weight={{convert|21. |
|weight={{convert|21.45|kg|1|sp=us}} (UBS)<br>{{convert|21.14|kg|1|sp=us}} (UBK)<br>{{convert|21.43|kg|1|sp=us}} (UBT) | ||
| |length={{convert|1347|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (UBS, UBK)<br>{{convert|1397|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (UBT) | |||
| |length= | |||
| |part_length= | |part_length={{convert|890|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | ||
| |width= | |width= | ||
| <!-- Ranged weapon specifications --> | <!-- Ranged weapon specifications --> | ||
| |cartridge= ] | |cartridge= ] | ||
| |action= ] | |action= ] | ||
| |rate= 800–1050 RPM | |rate= 800–1050 RPM<br>(700-800 ] UBS) | ||
| |velocity= {{convert|814|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}} | |velocity= {{convert|814|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}} | ||
| |range= | |range= | ||
| Line 37: | Line 36: | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| The '''Berezin UB''' ({{ |
The '''Berezin UB''' ({{langx|ru|УБ - Универсальный Березина}}) (''Berezin's Universal'') was a ] ] aircraft ] widely used during ]. | ||
| ==Development== | ==Development== | ||
| Line 44: | Line 43: | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| In 1937, |
In 1937, {{ill|Mikhail Berezin|ru|Березин, Михаил Евгеньевич}} began designing a new large-caliber aircraft machine gun chambered to the 12.7 mm round used by infantry machine guns. The new design passed factory trials in 1938 and was accepted into service in 1939 under the designation '''BS''' (Березин Синхронный, Berezin Sinkhronniy, Berezin Synchronized). The rate of fire made it well suited for use as defensive armament in aircraft. While a successful design, BS was not without its faults, the biggest being its cable-operated charging which required considerable physical strength. | ||
| Continued development resulted in the improved '''UB''' which came in three versions: '''UBK''' (Крыльевой, Krylyevoi, for the wings), '''UBS''' (Синхронный, Sinkhronniy, Synchronized), and '''UBT''' (Турельный, Turelniy, for the turret), with UBS and UBK charged by compressed air. The UB was accepted into service on April 22, 1941, just two months before the ]. | Continued development resulted in the improved '''UB''' which came in three versions: '''UBK''' (Крыльевой, Krylyevoi, for the wings), '''UBS''' (Синхронный, Sinkhronniy, Synchronized), and '''UBT''' (Турельный, Turelniy, for the turret), with UBS and UBK charged by compressed air. The UB was accepted into service on April 22, 1941, just two months before the ]. | ||
| Line 79: | Line 78: | ||
| | last = Koll | | last = Koll | ||
| | first = Christian | | first = Christian | ||
| | authorlink = | |||
| | coauthors = | |||
| | title = Soviet Cannon - A Comprehensive Study of Soviet Arms and Ammunition in Calibres 12.7mm to 57mm | | title = Soviet Cannon - A Comprehensive Study of Soviet Arms and Ammunition in Calibres 12.7mm to 57mm | ||
| | publisher = Koll | | publisher = Koll | ||
| Line 95: | Line 92: | ||
| {{Russian and Soviet Aircraft Ordnance}} | {{Russian and Soviet Aircraft Ordnance}} | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:06, 24 October 2024
Machine gun| UB machine gun | |
|---|---|
 UBS machine gun on display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center | |
| Type | Machine gun |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union |
| Service history | |
| Used by | Soviet Union |
| Wars | World War II |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Mikhail Yevgenyevich Berezin |
| Designed | 1937–39 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 21.45 kilograms (47.3 lb) (UBS) 21.14 kilograms (46.6 lb) (UBK) 21.43 kilograms (47.2 lb) (UBT) |
| Length | 1,347 mm (53.0 in) (UBS, UBK) 1,397 mm (55.0 in) (UBT) |
| Barrel length | 890 mm (35.0 in) |
| Cartridge | 12.7×108mm |
| Action | Gas |
| Rate of fire | 800–1050 RPM (700-800 synchronized UBS) |
| Muzzle velocity | 814 m/s (2,670 ft/s) |
| Feed system | Belt-fed |
| Sights | Iron sights |
The Berezin UB (Russian: УБ - Универсальный Березина) (Berezin's Universal) was a 12.7 mm caliber Soviet aircraft machine gun widely used during World War II.
Development
In 1937, Mikhail Berezin [ru] began designing a new large-caliber aircraft machine gun chambered to the 12.7 mm round used by infantry machine guns. The new design passed factory trials in 1938 and was accepted into service in 1939 under the designation BS (Березин Синхронный, Berezin Sinkhronniy, Berezin Synchronized). The rate of fire made it well suited for use as defensive armament in aircraft. While a successful design, BS was not without its faults, the biggest being its cable-operated charging which required considerable physical strength.
Continued development resulted in the improved UB which came in three versions: UBK (Крыльевой, Krylyevoi, for the wings), UBS (Синхронный, Sinkhronniy, Synchronized), and UBT (Турельный, Turelniy, for the turret), with UBS and UBK charged by compressed air. The UB was accepted into service on April 22, 1941, just two months before the German invasion of the Soviet Union.
Description
The Berezin UB is a gas-operated air-cooled machine gun chambered for the Soviet 12.7×108mm infantry machine gun round. Ammunition is supplied via a disintegrating link belt with a unique system in which each new round helps to extract the spent cartridge. Another unusual feature is that the belt is advanced during the return of the moving portion of the gun and not during the recoil. Turret installations were charged manually, while wing and synchronized versions utilized pneumatic charging.
The UB in all variants was used by the vast majority of Soviet military aircraft of World War II.
A declassified 1952 US intelligence report notes that: "The Shkas was a comparatively intricate and well finished gun, the cost of which necessitated that it be kept in operating condition as long as possible by repair and replacement of parts. In contrast to the Shkas, the Beresin was deliberately expendable, that is, the Soviets' plan was to discard the entire gun after a short period of use during which one or another of the principal operating mechanisms became worn or broken." The same report notes that: "The design of the Beresin machine gun was greatly influenced by a captured Lahti 20-mm machine cannon; many features of the Finnish gun appear in all models of the Beresin."
Production
The following production numbers could be found in the Soviet archives:
- 1941 — 6,300
- 1943 — 43,690
- 1944 — 38,340
- 1945 — 42,952
Influences
The Berezin B-20 autocannon used an upscaled version of the UB mechanism.
The Volkov-Yartsev VYa-23 autocannon used an upscaled version of the UB mechanism.
Notes
See also
References
- Широкоград А.Б. (2001) История авиационного вооружения Харвест (Shirokograd A.B. (2001) Istorya aviatsionnogo vooruzhenia Harvest. ISBN 985-433-695-6) (History of aircraft armament)
- Koll, Christian (2009). Soviet Cannon - A Comprehensive Study of Soviet Arms and Ammunition in Calibres 12.7mm to 57mm. Austria: Koll. p. 58. ISBN 978-3-200-01445-9.
- Chinn, George M. The Machine Gun, Vol II, Part VII. US Department of the Navy, 1952
External links
| Russian and former Soviet aircraft ordnance | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missiles |
| ||||||||||||||||
| Rockets | |||||||||||||||||
| Aerial bombs | |||||||||||||||||
| Autocannons, machine guns |
| ||||||||||||||||