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{{Short description|Waterfall on Karnataka-Tamil Nadu border}}
{{pp-semi-sock|small=yes}} {{pp-sock|small=yes}}
⚫ {{Coordinate|NS=12.1182|EW=77.77385|format=decimal|type:landmark}}
{{Infobox waterfall {{Infobox waterfall
| name = Hogenakkal Falls | name = Hogenakkal Falls
| photo = Hogenakkal Falls Close.jpg | photo = Hogenakkal Falls Close.jpg
| photo_caption = Hogenakkal Falls | photo_caption = Hogenakkal Falls
| location = ] and ] | location = ] and ]
| elevation = {{convert|700|m|abbr=on}} | elevation = {{convert|700|m|abbr=on}}
⚫ | coords = {{coord|12.1182|77.77385|format=dms|type:landmark|display=inline, title}}
| type = | type =
| height = | height =
Line 13: Line 14:
| number_drops = | number_drops =
| average_flow = | average_flow =
| watercourse = | watercourse = ]
| world_rank = | world_rank =
| website = | website =
⚫ | alt_name=
|map = India Tamil Nadu#India Karnataka#India
⚫ |alt_name=Marikottayam
}} }}
'''Hogenakkal Falls''' is a ] in ] on the ] river on the border between ] of ] and ] of ].<ref>Upon entering Tamil Nadu, the Kaveri continues through a series of twisted wild gorges until it reaches Hogenakal Falls and flows through a straight, narrow gorge.... {{cite encyclopedia|title=Kaveri River|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/100477/Kaveri-River|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=6 March 2012}}</ref><ref name=law> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409234827/http://lawmin.nic.in/ncrwc/finalreport/v2b3-6.htm |date=9 April 2009 }} ''Ministry of Law, Government of India''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tnmaps.tn.nic.in/blks_info.php?dcode=05&blk_name='Pennagaram'&dcodenew=9&drdblknew=3 |title=Taluk Information |publisher=Tnmaps.tn.nic.in |accessdate=2008-11-07}}</ref><ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721162222/http://www.tnpolice.gov.in/station_details.php?code=2958730&desc=HOGENAKKAL |date=21 July 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_tamilnadu.php |title=National Portal of India : Know India : State and UTs |publisher=India.gov.in |accessdate=2008-11-07}}</ref><ref> Tamil Nadu Tourism development corporation</ref> It is located {{convert|127|km|abbr=on}} from ], {{convert|165|km|abbr=on}} from ], {{convert|147|km|abbr=on}} from ], {{convert|152|km|abbr=on}} from ], {{convert|46|km|abbr=on|}}, 181 km (112.46 mi) from ], and 46 km (29 mi) from ].<ref></ref> It is sometimes referred to as the "] of India," it is known for bathing areas and hired boat rides and as a major ]. ] rocks in this site are considered to be the oldest of its kind in ] and one of the oldest in the world.<ref>{{cite journal |id={{INIST|3910799}} |doi=10.1016/0301-9268(94)90104-X |title=2.0 Ga old pyroxenite-carbonatite complex of Hogenakal, Tamil Nadu, South India |year=1994 |last1=Natarajana |first1=M |last2=Bhaskar Rao |first2=B |last3=Parthasarathy |first3=R |last4=Kumar |first4=Anil |last5=Gopalan |first5=K |journal=Precambrian Research |volume=65 |issue=1–4 |pages=167–81}}</ref> The ] made a proposal to convert the falls into providing drinking water for the state. '''Hogenakkal Falls''' is a ] in ] on the ] river on the border between ] of ] and ] of ].<ref>Upon entering Tamil Nadu, the Kaveri continues through a series of twisted wild gorges until it reaches Hogenakal Falls and flows through a straight, narrow gorge.... {{cite encyclopedia|title=Kaveri River|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/100477/Kaveri-River|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=6 March 2012}}</ref> It is located {{Convert|46|km|mi|abbr=on}} from ] and {{Convert|199|km|mi|abbr=on}} from ]. ] rocks in this site are considered to be the oldest of its kind in ] and one of the oldest in the world.<ref>{{cite journal |id={{INIST|3910799}} |doi=10.1016/0301-9268(94)90104-X |title=2.0 Ga old pyroxenite-carbonatite complex of Hogenakal, Tamil Nadu, South India |year=1994 |last1=Natarajana |first1=M |last2=Bhaskar Rao |first2=B |last3=Parthasarathy |first3=R |last4=Kumar |first4=Anil |last5=Gopalan |first5=K |journal=Precambrian Research |volume=65 |issue=1–4 |pages=167–81}}</ref> The ] made a proposal to convert the falls into providing drinking water for the state.


==Etymology== ==Etymology==
The pure Tamil name of Hogenakkal Falls is Uguneer Kal (உகுநீர் கல்).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=வள்ளல் அதியமான் கோலோச்சிய பூமி: தகடூர் நாடு என்று புகழ் பெற்ற நம்ம தர்மபுரி |url=https://www.dinakaran.com/news_detail.asp?Nid=629341 |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=www.dinakaran.com}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-12-28 |title=கர்நாடகா தமிழகம் உரிமை கொண்டாடும் ஒகேனக்கல் அருவியின் சிறப்புகள் |url=https://in4net.com/hogenakkal-falls-features/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=IN4NET - Dotcom for information |language=en-US}}</ref> It was under the rule of ] from 1652 to 1768 and during that period many ] were employed and settled here in large numbers for tax collection work. Due to this reason, many ] there became ]s.That is how Uguneer Kal(உகுநீர் கல்) became Hogenakkal. The name Hogenakal is derived from ] means ‘Smoky Rocks’. The river when falls on the rock below, the gushing force of water resembles like smoke emanating from the rocks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hogenakkal Falls, Dharmapuri {{!}} Dharmapuri District, Government of Tamil Nadu {{!}} India |url=https://dharmapuri.nic.in/gallery/hogenakkal-falls/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="kannada">{{cite web
The word Hogenakkal is formed of two ] words ''hoge'' and ''kal''. When the water falls on the rocks it appears as if ''hoge'' (smoke) is emanating from the top of the ''kal'' (rock) because of the force of the water, hence ''Hogenakkal'' (smoking rocks).<ref name="kannada">{{cite web
|url=http://www.tamilnadutourism.org/places/citiestowns/Dharmapuri.aspx?CatId=C1&SubCat1Id=C1S1&SubCat2Id=C1S1S16 |url=http://www.tamilnadutourism.org/places/citiestowns/Dharmapuri.aspx?CatId=C1&SubCat1Id=C1S1&SubCat2Id=C1S1S16
|title=Dharmapuri district - places of interest |title=Dharmapuri district - places of interest
|publisher=tamilnadutorism.org |publisher=tamilnadutorism.org
|accessdate=2006-11-11 |access-date=2006-11-11
}}</ref> It is also called as ''Marikottayam'' by the people of Tamil Nadu. }}</ref> It is also called as ''Marikottayam'' by the people of Tamil Nadu.

== History ==
Hogenakkal falls is mentioned in ] as Thalaineer aruvi (தலைநீர் அருவி). All the areas around this waterfalls are called Thalaineer Naadu (தலைநீர் நாடு). It was ruled by the King named Adiyaman Neduman Anji. References to this King and the Falls are found in the ] like ] (]), ] (]), ] (]) etc.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />


==River== ==River==
{{main|Kaveri river}} {{main|Kaveri river}}


The Kaveri is considered to form at ] in the ] in the ] of ] and gathers momentum as the land drops in elevation. It becomes larger as various tributaries feed into it on the way down.<ref name="law"/> At Hogenakkal, the Kaveri, now a large river, drops and creates numerous waterfalls as the water cuts through the rocky terrain. In places the water falls as much as {{convert|20|m|abbr=on}} and is said to sound like continual thunder.{{citation needed|date=July 2011}} The river carries ] which makes the downriver land fertile. The Kaveri is considered to form at ] in the ] in the ] of ] and gathers momentum as the land drops in elevation. It becomes larger as various tributaries feed into it on the way down.<ref name=law> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409234827/http://lawmin.nic.in/ncrwc/finalreport/v2b3-6.htm |date=9 April 2009 }} ''Ministry of Law, Government of India''</ref> At Hogenakkal, the Kaveri, now a large river, drops and creates numerous waterfalls as the water cuts through the rocky terrain. In places the water falls as much as {{convert|20|m|abbr=on}} and is said to sound like continual thunder.{{citation needed|date=July 2011}} The river carries ] which makes the downriver land fertile.
At Hogenakkal the river spreads out over a wide area of sandy beaches, then flows south to the ] and creates a {{convert|60|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}}. lake called ]. Built in 1934, this project improved irrigation and provided hydropower.<ref>{{cite web At Hogenakkal the river spreads out over a wide area of sandy beaches, then flows south to the ] and creates a {{convert|60|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}}. lake called ]. Built in 1934, this project improved irrigation and provided ].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.cauvery.com/cauvery_river.html |url=http://www.cauvery.com/cauvery_river.html
|title=Cauvery River in Southern India |title=Cauvery River in Southern India
|publisher=cauvery.com |publisher=cauvery.com
|accessdate=2006-11-11 |access-date=2006-11-11
}}</ref> }}</ref>


==Weather== ==Weather==


The best season to visit is soon after the monsoons, when the river is in full spate. But some tourists prefer to visit during off-season to skip the crowd. The water temperature in summer varies between {{convert|23|-|34|°C|°F}} while during the winter it ranges from {{convert|13|-|27|°C|°F}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hogenakkal.com/services.html|title=Overview - Visit India Travel Guide Hogenakkal Adventure|publisher=Hogenakkal.com|accessdate=2014-02-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224105605/http://www.hogenakkal.com/services.html|archive-date=24 February 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The best season to visit is soon after the monsoons, when the river is in full spate. But some tourists prefer to visit during off-season to skip the crowd. The water temperature in summer varies between {{convert|23|-|34|°C|°F}} while during the winter it ranges from {{convert|13|-|27|°C|°F}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hogenakkal.com/services.html|title=Overview - Visit India Travel Guide Hogenakkal Adventure|publisher=Hogenakkal.com|access-date=2014-02-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224105605/http://www.hogenakkal.com/services.html|archive-date=24 February 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>


==Boating== ==Boating==
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] ]


Boating in Hogenakkal is allowed during the dry-season as the falls are not strong enough to disrupt the passage of the boats. This is the main source of income for boat operators. The coracles are about {{convert|2.24|m|abbr=on}} in diameter and can carry eight people at a time.<ref></ref> These coracles are made of ], and with all materials available takes about a day to build. The bottom of the boats are made waterproof by the use of ], but sometimes with sheets of plastic.<ref>{{cite journal |id={{INIST|13550447}} |doi=10.1080/02666030.2001.9628601 |title=Hide Boats at Hogenakal on the River Kaveri, Tamil Nadu |year=2001 |last1=Palmer |first1=Colin |last2=Blue |first2=Lucy |last3=McGrail |first3=Sean |journal=South Asian Studies |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=199–207|s2cid=192182900 }}</ref> Use of plastics in the Hogenakkal vicinity, not just for boats, has been criticised due to problems with pollution.<ref></ref> These boats are steered and propelled using a single paddle, making them unique. The coracles are locally called ''parisal'' in ] and ''teppa'' or ''harigolu'' in ].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hogenakkal Waterfalls, Hogenakkal Falls, Activities at Hogenakkal, Tour to Hogenakkal Waterfalls India|url=http://www.ecoindia.com/waterfalls/hogenakkal.html|website=www.ecoindia.com|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref> Boating in Hogenakkal is allowed during the dry-season as the falls are not strong enough to disrupt the passage of the boats. This is the main source of income for boat operators. The coracles are about {{convert|2.24|m|abbr=on}} in diameter and can carry eight people at a time.<ref></ref> These coracles are made of ], and with all materials available takes about a day to build. The bottom of the boats are made waterproof by the use of ], but sometimes with sheets of plastic.<ref>{{cite journal |id={{INIST|13550447}} |doi=10.1080/02666030.2001.9628601 |title=Hide Boats at Hogenakal on the River Kaveri, Tamil Nadu |year=2001 |last1=Palmer |first1=Colin |last2=Blue |first2=Lucy |last3=McGrail |first3=Sean |journal=South Asian Studies |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=199–207|s2cid=192182900 }}</ref> Use of plastics in the Hogenakkal vicinity, not just for boats, has been criticised due to problems with pollution.<ref></ref> These boats are steered and propelled using a single paddle, making them unique. The coracles are locally called ''parisal'' in ] and ''teppa'' or {{transl|ka|harigolu}} in ].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hogenakkal Waterfalls, Hogenakkal Falls, Activities at Hogenakkal, Tour to Hogenakkal Waterfalls India|url=http://www.ecoindia.com/waterfalls/hogenakkal.html|website=www.ecoindia.com|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref>

⚫ Freshly caught fish are sold by the gorge and also various vendors selling water and snacks up and down the gorge rowing their coracles is not uncommon. The fish caught include katla, robu, kendai, keluthi, valai, mirgal, aranjan and jilaby. After leaving the gorge, on the left shore one can find improvised stalls set up on the sand. There, one can let the fresh fishes be prepared in one of the many kitchens. Also, many people can be found swimming or bathing around there.


⚫ Freshly caught fish are sold by the gorge and also various vendors selling water and snacks up and down the gorge rowing their coracles is not uncommon. The fish caught include {{transl|ka|katla}}, {{transl|ka|robu}}, {{transl|ka|kendai}}, {{transl|ka|keluthi}}, {{transl|ka|valai}}, {{transl|ka|mirgal}}, {{transl|ka|aranjan}} and {{transl|ka|jilaby}}. After leaving the gorge, on the left shore one can find improvised stalls set up on the sand. There, one can let the fresh fishes be prepared in one of the many kitchens. Also, many people can be found swimming or bathing around there.


==Hogenakkal water project== ==Hogenakkal water project==
{{main|Hogenakkal Integrated Drinking Water Project}} {{main|Hogenakkal Integrated Drinking Water Project}}
Hogenakal Falls<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dharmapuri.nic.in/tourist-place/hogenakkal-falls/|title=Hogenakkal Falls|website=dharmapuri.nic.in|access-date=24 December 2019}}</ref> is the location for the Hogenakkal Integrated Drinking Water Project proposed by the ].<ref></ref> The objective of this project is to provide safe drinking water to the urban and rural areas in Krishnagiri and Dharmapuri districts.<ref></ref> In February 2008, The Japan Bank for International Cooperation agreed to fund the Rs 1,340-crore project.<ref></ref> Hogenakal Falls<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dharmapuri.nic.in/tourist-place/hogenakkal-falls/|title=Hogenakkal Falls|website=dharmapuri.nic.in|access-date=24 December 2019}}</ref> is the location for the Hogenakkal Integrated Drinking Water Project proposed by the ].<ref></ref> The objective of this project is to provide safe drinking water to the urban and rural areas in Krishnagiri and Dharmapuri districts.<ref></ref> In February 2008, The Japan Bank for International Cooperation agreed to fund the Rs 1,340-crore project.<ref></ref>


== Gallery == == Gallery ==
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==See also== ==See also==
*] *]
*]


==References== ==References==
{{reflist|2}} {{reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
{{commons category|Hogenakkal Falls}} {{commons category|Hogenakkal Falls}}
* *


{{Kaveri River}} {{Kaveri River}}
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] ]
] ]
]

Latest revision as of 00:26, 28 December 2024

Waterfall on Karnataka-Tamil Nadu border

Hogenakkal Falls
Hogenakkal Falls
LocationTamil Nadu and Karnataka
Coordinates12°07′06″N 77°46′26″E / 12.1182°N 77.77385°E / 12.1182; 77.77385
Elevation700 m (2,300 ft)
Longest drop20 m (66 ft)
WatercourseKaveri river

Hogenakkal Falls is a waterfall in South India on the Kaveri river on the border between Dharmapuri district of Tamil Nadu and Chamrajnagar district of Karnataka. It is located 46 km (29 mi) from Dharmapuri and 199 km (124 mi) from Chamrajnagar. Carbonatite rocks in this site are considered to be the oldest of its kind in South Asia and one of the oldest in the world. The Government of Tamil Nadu made a proposal to convert the falls into providing drinking water for the state.

Etymology

The pure Tamil name of Hogenakkal Falls is Uguneer Kal (உகுநீர் கல்). It was under the rule of Mysore Kingdom from 1652 to 1768 and during that period many Kannadas were employed and settled here in large numbers for tax collection work. Due to this reason, many Tamil names there became Kannada names.That is how Uguneer Kal(உகுநீர் கல்) became Hogenakkal. The name Hogenakal is derived from Kannada means ‘Smoky Rocks’. The river when falls on the rock below, the gushing force of water resembles like smoke emanating from the rocks. It is also called as Marikottayam by the people of Tamil Nadu.

History

Hogenakkal falls is mentioned in Sangam Literature as Thalaineer aruvi (தலைநீர் அருவி). All the areas around this waterfalls are called Thalaineer Naadu (தலைநீர் நாடு). It was ruled by the King named Adiyaman Neduman Anji. References to this King and the Falls are found in the Sangam Literatures like Purananooru (புறநானூறு), Agananooru (அகநானூறு), Kurunthogai (குறுந்தொகை) etc.

River

Main article: Kaveri river

The Kaveri is considered to form at Talakaveri in the Brahmagiri hills in the Western Ghats of south India and gathers momentum as the land drops in elevation. It becomes larger as various tributaries feed into it on the way down. At Hogenakkal, the Kaveri, now a large river, drops and creates numerous waterfalls as the water cuts through the rocky terrain. In places the water falls as much as 20 m (66 ft) and is said to sound like continual thunder. The river carries sediment which makes the downriver land fertile. At Hogenakkal the river spreads out over a wide area of sandy beaches, then flows south to the Mettur Dam and creates a 60 sq mi (160 km). lake called Stanley Reservoir. Built in 1934, this project improved irrigation and provided hydropower.

Weather

The best season to visit is soon after the monsoons, when the river is in full spate. But some tourists prefer to visit during off-season to skip the crowd. The water temperature in summer varies between 23–34 °C (73–93 °F) while during the winter it ranges from 13–27 °C (55–81 °F).

Boating

See also: Indian coracles
Parisal Boating in Hogenakkal falls in Tamil Nadu

Boating in Hogenakkal is allowed during the dry-season as the falls are not strong enough to disrupt the passage of the boats. This is the main source of income for boat operators. The coracles are about 2.24 m (7 ft 4 in) in diameter and can carry eight people at a time. These coracles are made of bamboo, and with all materials available takes about a day to build. The bottom of the boats are made waterproof by the use of hides, but sometimes with sheets of plastic. Use of plastics in the Hogenakkal vicinity, not just for boats, has been criticised due to problems with pollution. These boats are steered and propelled using a single paddle, making them unique. The coracles are locally called parisal in Tamil and teppa or harigolu in Kannada.

Freshly caught fish are sold by the gorge and also various vendors selling water and snacks up and down the gorge rowing their coracles is not uncommon. The fish caught include katla, robu, kendai, keluthi, valai, mirgal, aranjan and jilaby. After leaving the gorge, on the left shore one can find improvised stalls set up on the sand. There, one can let the fresh fishes be prepared in one of the many kitchens. Also, many people can be found swimming or bathing around there.

Hogenakkal water project

Main article: Hogenakkal Integrated Drinking Water Project

Hogenakal Falls is the location for the Hogenakkal Integrated Drinking Water Project proposed by the Tamil Nadu Government. The objective of this project is to provide safe drinking water to the urban and rural areas in Krishnagiri and Dharmapuri districts. In February 2008, The Japan Bank for International Cooperation agreed to fund the Rs 1,340-crore project.

Gallery

Gallery
  • Mountain near the hogenakkal falls Mountain near the hogenakkal falls
  • Whirlpool damaged mountain portion in Hogenakkal Falls in Tamil Nadu Whirlpool damaged mountain portion in Hogenakkal Falls in Tamil Nadu
  • Area near Hogenakkal falls with the coracles beached for picnics Area near Hogenakkal falls with the coracles beached for picnics
  • Hogenakkal Falls bathing area Hogenakkal Falls bathing area

See also

References

  1. Upon entering Tamil Nadu, the Kaveri continues through a series of twisted wild gorges until it reaches Hogenakal Falls and flows through a straight, narrow gorge.... "Kaveri River". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  2. Natarajana, M; Bhaskar Rao, B; Parthasarathy, R; Kumar, Anil; Gopalan, K (1994). "2.0 Ga old pyroxenite-carbonatite complex of Hogenakal, Tamil Nadu, South India". Precambrian Research. 65 (1–4): 167–81. doi:10.1016/0301-9268(94)90104-X. INIST 3910799.
  3. ^ "வள்ளல் அதியமான் கோலோச்சிய பூமி: தகடூர் நாடு என்று புகழ் பெற்ற நம்ம தர்மபுரி". www.dinakaran.com. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  4. ^ "கர்நாடகா தமிழகம் உரிமை கொண்டாடும் ஒகேனக்கல் அருவியின் சிறப்புகள்". IN4NET - Dotcom for information. 28 December 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  5. "Hogenakkal Falls, Dharmapuri | Dharmapuri District, Government of Tamil Nadu | India". Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  6. "Dharmapuri district - places of interest". tamilnadutorism.org. Retrieved 11 November 2006.
  7. ARTICLE 262 AND INTER-STATE DISPUTES RELATING TO WATER Archived 9 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine Ministry of Law, Government of India
  8. "Cauvery River in Southern India". cauvery.com. Retrieved 11 November 2006.
  9. "Overview - Visit India Travel Guide Hogenakkal Adventure". Hogenakkal.com. Archived from the original on 24 February 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
  10. The Hindu - Row, row, row your boat
  11. Palmer, Colin; Blue, Lucy; McGrail, Sean (2001). "Hide Boats at Hogenakal on the River Kaveri, Tamil Nadu". South Asian Studies. 17 (1): 199–207. doi:10.1080/02666030.2001.9628601. S2CID 192182900. INIST 13550447.
  12. Garbage ruining Hogenakkal's beauty - The Hindu
  13. "Hogenakkal Waterfalls, Hogenakkal Falls, Activities at Hogenakkal, Tour to Hogenakkal Waterfalls India". www.ecoindia.com. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  14. "Hogenakkal Falls". dharmapuri.nic.in. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
  15. The Hindu - The 1998 story of Hogenakkal
  16. Times of India - Hogenakkal project: Water of hope
  17. Business Line - Japan Bank agrees to fund Hogenakkal water project

External links

Kaveri basin
Riparian states/UT
Tributaries
Distributaries
Dams
Waterfalls and lagoons
Geographical features
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Hydrography of Tamil Nadu
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