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{{Short description|Church in Vienna}}
{{Other uses}} {{Other uses}}
{{Infobox religious building {{Infobox religious building
| building_name = Karlskirche | building_name = Karlskirche
| infobox_width = | infobox_width =
| image = Karlskirche Abendsonne 1.jpg | image = Karlskirche Abendsonne 1.jpg
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| alt = | alt =
| caption = | caption =
| map_type = Austria | map_type = Austria Vienna#Austria
| map_size = | map_size =
| map_caption = | map_caption =
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| geo = {{coord|48|11|53.81|N|16|22|18.84|E|display=inline,title}} | geo = {{coord|48|11|53.81|N|16|22|18.84|E|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = ] | religious_affiliation = ]
| rite = | rite = ]
|archdiocese=]
| region = | region =
| state = | state =
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| functional_status = Active | functional_status = Active
| heritage_designation = | heritage_designation =
| leadership = P. Milan Kucera, OCr | leadership = P. DDr. Marek Pucalik O.Cr.
| website = {{url|www.karlskirche.at}} | website = {{URL|www.karlskirche.at}}
| architecture = yes | architecture = yes
| architect = ], ] | architect = ], ]
| architecture_type = Church | architecture_type = Church
| architecture_style = ], ] | architecture_style = ], ]
| founded_by = | founded_by = ]
| funded_by = | funded_by =
| general_contractor = | general_contractor =
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| designated = | designated =
}} }}
]
] ]
The '''''Rektoratskirche St. Karl Borromäus''''', commonly called the '''''Karlskirche''''' ({{lang-eng|St. Charles Church}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wien.info/en/sightseeing/sights/from-g-to-k/st-charles-church|title=St. Charles Church|website=VIENNA – Now. Forever|access-date=August 13, 2019}}</ref>), is a ] church located on the south side of ] in ], Austria. Widely considered the most outstanding baroque church in Vienna, as well as one of the city's greatest buildings, the church is dedicated to Saint ], one of the great counter-reformers of the sixteenth century.<ref name="brook">Brook 2012, pp. 146–147.</ref> The '''''Rektoratskirche St. Karl Borromäus''''', commonly called the {{Langnf|de|'''Karlskirche'''|Charles Church}},<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wien.info/en/sightseeing/sights/from-g-to-k/st-charles-church|title=St. Charles Church|website=VIENNA – Now. Forever|access-date=August 13, 2019}}</ref> is a ] church located on the south side of ] in ], Austria. Widely considered the most outstanding baroque church in Vienna, as well as one of the city's greatest buildings, the church is dedicated to Saint ], one of the great counter-reformers of the sixteenth century.<ref name="brook">Brook 2012, pp. 146–147.</ref>


Located on the edge of the ], approximately 200 meters outside the ], the church contains a ] in the form of an elongated ]. Located just outside of ] in ], approximately 200 metres outside the ], the church contains a ] in the form of an elongated ].


== History == == History ==
In 1713, one year after the last great ] ], ], pledged to build a church for his namesake patron saint, ], who was revered as a healer for plague sufferers. An ] was announced, in which ] prevailed over, among others, ] and ]. Construction began in 1716 under the supervision of ]. After J.B. Fischer's death in 1723, his son, ], completed the construction in 1737 using partially altered plans. The church originally possessed a direct line of sight to the ] and was also, until 1918, the imperial patron parish church. In 1713, one year after the last great ] ], ], pledged to build a church for his namesake patron saint, ], who was revered as a healer for plague sufferers. An ] was announced, in which ] prevailed over, among others, ] and ]. Construction began in 1716 under the supervision of ]. After J.B. Fischer's death in 1723, his son, ], completed the construction in 1737 using partially altered plans. The church originally possessed a direct line of sight to the ] and was also, until 1918, the imperial patron parish church.


As a creator of historic architecture, the elder Fischer von Erlach united the most diverse of elements. The façade in the center, which leads to the porch, corresponds to a ] ]. The neighboring two columns, crafted by ], found a model in ] in ]. Next to those, two tower pavilions extend out and show the influence of the Roman baroque (] and ]). Above the entrance, a ] rises up above a high drum, which the younger ] shortened and partly altered. As a creator of historic architecture, the elder Fischer von Erlach united the most diverse of elements. The façade in the centre, which leads to the porch, corresponds to a ] ]. The neighboring two columns, crafted by ], found a model in ] in ]. Next to those, two tower pavilions extend out and show the influence of the Roman baroque (] and ]). Above the entrance, a ] rises up above a high drum, which the younger ] shortened and partly altered.


Next to the Church was the ''Spitaler Gottesacker''. The composer ] died in Vienna and was buried there on July 28, 1741 but his tomb has been lost over time. The church hosts regular Vivaldi concerts in his honour.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.concert-vienna.info//vivaldi.html|title=Concerts in Vienna|website=www.concert-vienna.info|access-date=August 13, 2019}}</ref> Next to the Church was the ''Spitaler Gottesacker''. The composer ] died in Vienna and was buried there on July 28, 1741, but his tomb has been lost over time. The church hosts regular Vivaldi concerts in his honour.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.concert-vienna.info//vivaldi.html|title=Concerts in Vienna|website=www.concert-vienna.info|access-date=August 13, 2019}}</ref>


Hedwig Kiesler (age 19), later American movie actress and inventor ], married ] (age 32), businessman and Austrofascist, in the tiny chapel of this elaborate church on 10 August 1933. With over 200 prominent guests attending, Kiesler wore “a black-and-white print dress” and carried “a bouquet of white orchids.”<ref>The book “Beautiful,” p. 39, by Stephen Michael Shearer.</ref> Hedwig Kiesler (age 19), later American movie actress and inventor ], married ] (age 32), businessman and Austrofascist, in the tiny chapel of this elaborate church on 10 August 1933. With over 200 prominent guests attending, Kiesler wore "a black-and-white print dress" and carried "a bouquet of white orchids."<ref>The book "Beautiful", p. 39, by Stephen Michael Shearer.</ref>


Since Karlsplatz was restored as an ensemble in the late 1980s, the church has garnered fame because of its dome and its two flanking columns of ]s, as well as its role as an architectural counterweight to the buildings of the ] and of the ]. The church is cared for by a religious order, ], and has long been the ] as well as the seat of the Catholic student ministry of the Vienna University of Technology. Since Karlsplatz was restored as an ensemble in the late 1980s, the church has garnered fame because of its dome and its two flanking columns of ]s, as well as its role as an architectural counterweight to the buildings of the ] and of the ]. The church is cared for by a religious order, ], and has long been the ] as well as the seat of the Catholic student ministry of the Vienna University of Technology.
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==Gallery== ==Gallery==
<gallery> <gallery>
Iglesia de San Carlos Borromeo, Viena, Austria, 2020-01-31, DD 164-166 HDR.jpg|Night view of the church
Karlskirche - Wien 006.jpg|Column with spiral narrative as on ] Karlskirche - Wien 006.jpg|Column with spiral narrative as on ]
Iglesia de San Carlos Borromeo, Viena, Austria, 2020-01-31, DD 72.jpg|Top of one of the two towers Iglesia de San Carlos Borromeo, Viena, Austria, 2020-01-31, DD 72.jpg|Top of one of the two towers
Iglesia de San Carlos Borromeo, Viena, Austria, 2020-01-31, DD 49-51 HDR.jpg|High Altar ''Apotheosis of Saint Charles Borromeo'', by Alberto Camesina Iglesia de San Carlos Borromeo, Viena, Austria, 2020-01-31, DD 49-51 HDR.jpg|], ''Apotheosis of Saint Charles Borromeo'', by Alberto Camesina
Wien Karlskirche - Hochaltar 5.jpg|Saints Jerome and Augustine, High Altar, by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach Wien Karlskirche - Hochaltar 5.jpg|Saints Jerome and Augustine, High Altar, by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach
St. Charles's Church, Austria, Vienna - Gold piece high above the altar symbolizing Yahweh.jpg|The gold piece high above the altar symbolizing ] St. Charles's Church, Austria, Vienna - Gold piece high above the altar symbolizing Yahweh.jpg|The gold piece high above the altar symbolizing ]
Iglesia de San Carlos Borromeo, Viena, Austria, 2020-01-31, DD 64-66 HDR.jpg|Closer view of the dome Iglesia de San Carlos Borromeo, Viena, Austria, 2020-01-31, DD 64-66 HDR.jpg|Closer view of the dome
Intercession of Charles Borromeo supported by the Virgin Mary - Detail Rottmayr Fresco - Karlskirche - Vienna.JPG|Intercession of Charles Borromeo supported by the Virgin Mary by ] Intercession of Charles Borromeo supported by the Virgin Mary - Detail Rottmayr Fresco - Karlskirche - Vienna.JPG|Intercession of Charles Borromeo supported by the Virgin Mary by ]
Wien Karlskirche Innen Orgel 2.JPG|Organ loft Wien - Karlskirche, Orgel.JPG|Organ loft
Karlskirche pulpit.jpg|The restored canopy of the abat-voix Karlskirche pulpit.jpg|The restored canopy of the abat-voix
Iglesia de San Carlos Borromeo, Viena, Austria, 2020-01-31, DD 61-63 HDR.jpg|Huge reflecting ball inside the church Iglesia de San Carlos Borromeo, Viena, Austria, 2020-01-31, DD 61-63 HDR.jpg|Huge reflecting ball inside the church
</gallery> </gallery>
]]]


== See also == == See also ==
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==External links== ==External links==
{{Commonscatinline|Karlskirche, Vienna}} {{Commons category|Karlskirche, Vienna}}
* {{official|http://www.karlskirche.at/ }} * {{official website|http://www.karlskirche.at/ }}
* at Sacred Destinations * at Sacred Destinations
* *


{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}
{{Charles Borromeo}}

]
]
] ]
] ]
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Latest revision as of 05:45, 26 December 2024

Church in Vienna For other uses, see Karlskirche (disambiguation).
Karlskirche
Religion
AffiliationRoman Catholic
RiteRoman Rite
LeadershipP. DDr. Marek Pucalik O.Cr.
Year consecrated1737
StatusActive
Location
LocationVienna, Austria
Karlskirche is located in ViennaKarlskircheShown within ViennaShow map of ViennaKarlskirche is located in AustriaKarlskircheKarlskirche (Austria)Show map of Austria
Geographic coordinates48°11′53.81″N 16°22′18.84″E / 48.1982806°N 16.3719000°E / 48.1982806; 16.3719000
Architecture
Architect(s)Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach
TypeChurch
StyleBaroque, Rococo
FounderCharles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
Groundbreaking1716
Completed1737
Specifications
Direction of façadeNNW
Length55 m (180.4 ft)
Width40 m (131.2 ft)
Dome(s)1
Dome height (outer)70 m (229.7 ft)
Website
www.karlskirche.at
Interior of the church
Interior of the frescoed dome

The Rektoratskirche St. Karl Borromäus, commonly called the Karlskirche (German for 'Charles Church'), is a Baroque church located on the south side of Karlsplatz in Vienna, Austria. Widely considered the most outstanding baroque church in Vienna, as well as one of the city's greatest buildings, the church is dedicated to Saint Charles Borromeo, one of the great counter-reformers of the sixteenth century.

Located just outside of Innere Stadt in Wieden, approximately 200 metres outside the Ringstraße, the church contains a dome in the form of an elongated ellipsoid.

History

In 1713, one year after the last great plague epidemic, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, pledged to build a church for his namesake patron saint, Charles Borromeo, who was revered as a healer for plague sufferers. An architectural competition was announced, in which Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach prevailed over, among others, Ferdinando Galli-Bibiena and Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt. Construction began in 1716 under the supervision of Anton Erhard Martinelli. After J.B. Fischer's death in 1723, his son, Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach, completed the construction in 1737 using partially altered plans. The church originally possessed a direct line of sight to the Hofburg and was also, until 1918, the imperial patron parish church.

As a creator of historic architecture, the elder Fischer von Erlach united the most diverse of elements. The façade in the centre, which leads to the porch, corresponds to a Greek temple portico. The neighboring two columns, crafted by Lorenzo Mattielli, found a model in Trajan's Column in Rome. Next to those, two tower pavilions extend out and show the influence of the Roman baroque (Bernini and Borromini). Above the entrance, a dome rises up above a high drum, which the younger J.E. Fischer shortened and partly altered.

Next to the Church was the Spitaler Gottesacker. The composer Antonio Vivaldi died in Vienna and was buried there on July 28, 1741, but his tomb has been lost over time. The church hosts regular Vivaldi concerts in his honour.

Hedwig Kiesler (age 19), later American movie actress and inventor Hedy Lamarr, married Friedrich Mandl (age 32), businessman and Austrofascist, in the tiny chapel of this elaborate church on 10 August 1933. With over 200 prominent guests attending, Kiesler wore "a black-and-white print dress" and carried "a bouquet of white orchids."

Since Karlsplatz was restored as an ensemble in the late 1980s, the church has garnered fame because of its dome and its two flanking columns of bas-reliefs, as well as its role as an architectural counterweight to the buildings of the Musikverein and of the Vienna University of Technology. The church is cared for by a religious order, the Knights of the Cross with the Red Star, and has long been the parish church as well as the seat of the Catholic student ministry of the Vienna University of Technology.

Iconography

The iconographical program of the church originated from the imperial official Carl Gustav Heraeus and connects Saint Charles Borromeo with his imperial benefactor. The relief on the pediment above the entrance with the cardinal virtues and the figure of the patron on its apex point to the motivation of the donation. This sculpture group continues onto the attic story as well. The attic is also one of the elements which the younger Fischer introduced. The columns display scenes from the life of Charles Borromeo in a spiral relief and are intended to recall the two columns, Boaz and Jachim, that stood in front of the Temple at Jerusalem. They also recall the Pillars of Hercules and act as symbols of imperial power. The entrance is flanked by angels from the Old and New Testaments.

This program continues in the interior as well, above all in the dome fresco by Johann Michael Rottmayr of Salzburg and Gaetano Fanti, which displays an intercession of Charles Borromeo, supported by the Virgin Mary. Surrounding this scene are the cardinal virtues. The frescos in a number of side chapels are attributed to Daniel Gran.

The high altarpiece portraying the ascension of the saint was conceptualized by the elder Fischer and executed by Ferdinand Maxmilian Brokoff. The altar paintings in the side chapels are by various artists, including Daniel Gran, Sebastiano Ricci, Martino Altomonte and Jakob van Schuppen. A wooden statue of St. Anthony by Josef Josephu is also on display.

As strong effect emanates from the directing of light and architectural grouping, in particular the arch openings of the main axis. The color scheme is characterized by marble with sparring and conscious use of gold leaf. The large round glass window high above the main altar with the Hebrew Tetragrammaton/Yahweh symbolizes God's omnipotence and simultaneously, through its warm yellow tone, God's love. Below is a representation of Apotheosis of Saint Charles Borromeo.

Next to the structures at Schönbrunn Palace, which maintain this form but are more fragmented, the church is Fischer's greatest work. It is also an expression of the Austrian joie de vivre stemming from the victorious end of the Turkish Wars.

Pulpit

The pulpit of the church was probably designed by Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach, and his plans might have been executed by a French furniture maker, Claude Le Fort du Plessy in 1735 although there are no surviving documents attesting their authorship or the manufacturing of the church furniture. It is a wooden structure with rich floral, vegetal, rosette and rocaille ornaments, the finer carvings made of hard walnut, in a gold and brown colour scheme. The abat-voix forms a theatrical canopy with two putti holding a cross and a chalice with host; there is a flaming urn on the top. Around 1860 the abat-voix was enlarged. A wide rim was added distorting the original proportions, obscuring the elegant, swirling lines and creating a top-heavy effect. In 2006-2007 this rim was removed after a long debate and the pulpit was restored. The missing carvings of the canopy decorations were reconstructed and the original appearance of the structure was re-established.

Gallery

  • Night view of the church Night view of the church
  • Column with spiral narrative as on Trajan's Column Column with spiral narrative as on Trajan's Column
  • Top of one of the two towers Top of one of the two towers
  • High Altar, Apotheosis of Saint Charles Borromeo, by Alberto Camesina High Altar, Apotheosis of Saint Charles Borromeo, by Alberto Camesina
  • Saints Jerome and Augustine, High Altar, by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach Saints Jerome and Augustine, High Altar, by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach
  • The gold piece high above the altar symbolizing Yahweh The gold piece high above the altar symbolizing Yahweh
  • Closer view of the dome Closer view of the dome
  • Intercession of Charles Borromeo supported by the Virgin Mary by Rottmayr Intercession of Charles Borromeo supported by the Virgin Mary by Rottmayr
  • Organ loft Organ loft
  • The restored canopy of the abat-voix The restored canopy of the abat-voix
  • Huge reflecting ball inside the church Huge reflecting ball inside the church
The Karlskirche in winter, painted by Adolf Hitler

See also

References

Citations
  1. "St. Charles Church". VIENNA – Now. Forever. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
  2. Brook 2012, pp. 146–147.
  3. "Concerts in Vienna". www.concert-vienna.info. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
  4. The book "Beautiful", p. 39, by Stephen Michael Shearer.
  5. Marek Pučalík: "Ihr sehet nehmlich einen Templ, desgleichen ihr vielleicht selten, oder vielleicht niemals gesehen." Zur Ikonographie der Wiener Karlskirche, in: Orbis artium. K jubileu Lubomíra Slavíčka, Brno, Masarykova univerzita, 2009, p. 566
  6. Verein Karskirche, Nachrichten, Ausgabe 4, Jänner 2007
Bibliography
  • Brook, Stephan (2012). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Vienna. London: Dorling Kindersley Ltd. ISBN 978-0756684280.
  • Charpentrat, Pierre (1967). Living Architecture: Baroque. Oldbourne. p. 91. OCLC 59920343.
  • Clark, Roger (1985). Precedents in Architecture. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 165, 208. ISBN 0-442-21668-8.
  • Gaillemin, Jean-Louis (1994). Knopf Guides: Vienna. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0679750680.
  • Meth-Cohn, Delia (1993). Vienna: Art and History. Florence: Summerfield Press. ASIN B000NQLZ5K.
  • Schnorr, Lina (2012). Imperial Vienna. Vienna: HB Medienvertrieb GesmbH. ISBN 978-3950239690.
  • Schulte-Peevers, Andrea (2007). Alison Coupe (ed.). Michelin Green Guide Austria. London: Michelin Travel & Lifestyle. ISBN 978-2067123250.
  • Trachtenberg, Marvin; Hyman, Isabelle (1986). Architecture: From Prehistory to Post-Modernism. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. pp. 370–371. ISBN 0-13-044702-1.
  • Unterreiner, Katrin; Gredler, Willfried (2009). The Hofburg. Vienna: Pichler Verlag. ISBN 978-3854314912.

External links

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