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== Applications == == Applications ==
Non-fungible tokens are used to create verifiable digital scarcity, as well as digital ownership, and the possibility of asset interoperability across multiple platforms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2019/04/16/enjin-is-creating-a-real-life-ready-player-one-and-its-powered-by-blockchain/|title=Enjin is Creating a Real-Life Ready Player One, and It's Powered by Blockchain|date=2019-04-16|website=VentureBeat|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> NFTs are used in several specific applications that require unique digital items like ], crypto-collectibles and crypto-gaming.
⚫ Art was an early use case for ]. NFTs prove authenticity and ownership of digital art.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://irishtechnews.ie/the-art-world-needs-blockchain/|title=The Art World Needs Blockchain – Irish Tech News|website=irishtechnews.ie|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-02}}</ref> The launch of ] In June 2017 paved the way for "rare" art on the Ethereum Blockchain.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://breakermag.com/how-cryptopunks-creators-charmed-the-art-world-and-paved-the-way-for-blockchain-art/|title=how cryptopunks creators charmed the art world and paved the way for blockchain art|date=2019-01-19|work=Breaker|language=en-US}}</ref> DADA.art built from the CryptoPunks model and launched the first marketplace for rare digital art in Oct 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.artnome.com/news/2017/12/22/the-blockchain-art-market-is-here/|title=the blockchain art market is here|date=2017-12-17|work=Artnome|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2018, one of FRORIEP Legal firm’s partners, Catrina Luchsinger Gaehwiler and the ING Bank Art Collection in Amsterdam, <ref> https://www.linkedin.com/posts/cluchsinger_nathalie-haveman-activity-6503302354593415169-EGkY/</ref> purchased what was claimed to be the first art-based asset NFTs in a blockchain governed Patron Protocol (created by artplus.io in 2016) <ref>https://www.museumnext.com/article/how-blockchain-could-change-the-museum-industry/</ref> of 8 fractional ownership shares. The work is called “The Absence of Presence” <ref>https://wunder.art:443/webchannel/5c5c875804994e30ab151902</ref> by Romanian artist Dragos Alexandrescu, who lives and works in Vaasa, Finland.

⚫ Art was an early use case for ]. NFTs prove authenticity and ownership of digital art.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://irishtechnews.ie/the-art-world-needs-blockchain/|title=The Art World Needs Blockchain – Irish Tech News|website=irishtechnews.ie|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-02}}</ref> The launch of ] In June 2017 paved the way for "rare" art on the Ethereum Blockchain.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://breakermag.com/how-cryptopunks-creators-charmed-the-art-world-and-paved-the-way-for-blockchain-art/|title=how cryptopunks creators charmed the art world and paved the way for blockchain art|date=2019-01-19|work=Breaker|language=en-US}}</ref> DADA.art built from the CryptoPunks model and launched the first marketplace for rare digital art in Oct 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.artnome.com/news/2017/12/22/the-blockchain-art-market-is-here/|title=the blockchain art market is here|date=2017-12-17|work=Artnome|language=en-US}}</ref>

Later, popular blockchain games like '']'' made use of non-fungible tokens on the ] blockchain.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/1144169/the-ethereum-world-is-now-obsessed-with-breeding-cartoon-cats/|title=The Ethereum world is now obsessed with breeding cartoon cats|last=Wong|first=Joon Ian|work=Quartz|access-date=2018-05-02|language=en-US}}</ref> NFTs are used to represent in-game assets, and are controlled by the user, instead of the game developer.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://venturebeat.com/2017/12/04/cryptokitties-shows-everything-can-and-will-be-tokenized/|title=CryptoKitties shows everything can — and will — be tokenized|date=2017-12-04|work=VentureBeat|access-date=2018-05-02|language=en-US}}</ref> This lets the assets be traded on third-party marketplaces without permission from the game developer.


== Standards == == Standards ==
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== Growth and mainstream appeal == == Growth and mainstream appeal ==
Non-fungible tokens first became popular when ] went viral<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/1145833/cryptokitties-is-causing-ethereum-network-congestion/|title=CryptoKitties is jamming up the ethereum network|last=Wong|first=Joon Ian|work=Quartz|access-date=2018-05-10|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-04/cryptokitties-quickly-becomes-most-widely-used-ethereum-app|title=CryptoKitties Mania Overwhelms Ethereum Network's Processing|date=2017-12-04|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=2018-05-10|language=en}}</ref> and subsequently raised a $12.5 million investment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/03/20/cryptokitties-raises-12m-from-andreessen-horowitz-and-union-square-ventures/|title=CryptoKitties raises $12M from Andreessen Horowitz and Union Square Ventures – TechCrunch|website=techcrunch.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-07}}</ref> RareBits, a Non-Fungible Token marketplace and exchange, raised a $6 million investment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/04/19/rare-bits-crypto-marketplace/|title=Crypto-collectibles and Kitties marketplace Rare Bits raises $6M – TechCrunch|website=techcrunch.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-07}}</ref> Gamedex, a collectible cards game platform made possible by NFTs, raised a $800,000 seed round.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techstartups.com/2018/07/16/blockchain-startup-gamedex-raises-0-8-million-seed-round-build-platform-digital-collectible-card-games-like-pokemon//|title=Blockchain startup Gamedex raises $0.8 million seed round to build platform for digital collectible card games like Pokemon – TechStartups|website=techstartups.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-07}}</ref> Decentraland, a blockchain-based ], raised $26 million in an ],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-12/making-a-killing-in-virtual-real-estate |title=Making a Killing in Virtual Real Estate |last=Russo |first=Camilla |date=2018-06-12 |work=Bloomberg |access-date=2018-09-05}}</ref> and had a $20 million internal economy {{asof|2018|09|lc=y}}.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/people-are-making-more-than-500-buying-property-that-doesnt-actually-exist-2018-09-04 |title=People are making more than 500% buying property that doesn't actually exist |last=Hankin |first=Aaron |date=2018-09-04 |work=MarketWatch |access-date=2018-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> ] holds a patent for its blockchain-based NFT-sneakers called ‘CryptoKicks’.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Beedham|first=Matthew|date=2019-12-10|title=Nike now holds patent for blockchain-based sneakers called ‘CryptoKicks’|url=https://thenextweb.com/hardfork/2019/12/10/nike-blockchain-sneakers-cryptokick-patent/|access-date=2020-12-23|website=Hard Fork {{!}} The Next Web|language=en-us}}</ref>. Non-fungible tokens first became popular when ] went viral<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/1145833/cryptokitties-is-causing-ethereum-network-congestion/|title=CryptoKitties is jamming up the ethereum network|last=Wong|first=Joon Ian|work=Quartz|access-date=2018-05-10|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-04/cryptokitties-quickly-becomes-most-widely-used-ethereum-app|title=CryptoKitties Mania Overwhelms Ethereum Network's Processing|date=2017-12-04|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=2018-05-10|language=en}}</ref> and subsequently raised a $12.5 million investment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/03/20/cryptokitties-raises-12m-from-andreessen-horowitz-and-union-square-ventures/|title=CryptoKitties raises $12M from Andreessen Horowitz and Union Square Ventures – TechCrunch|website=techcrunch.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-07}}</ref> RareBits, a Non-Fungible Token marketplace and exchange, raised a $6 million investment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/04/19/rare-bits-crypto-marketplace/|title=Crypto-collectibles and Kitties marketplace Rare Bits raises $6M – TechCrunch|website=techcrunch.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-07}}</ref> Gamedex, a collectible cards game platform made possible by NFTs, raised a $800,000 seed round.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techstartups.com/2018/07/16/blockchain-startup-gamedex-raises-0-8-million-seed-round-build-platform-digital-collectible-card-games-like-pokemon//|title=Blockchain startup Gamedex raises $0.8 million seed round to build platform for digital collectible card games like Pokemon – TechStartups|website=techstartups.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-07}}</ref> Decentraland, a blockchain-based ], raised $26 million in an ],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-12/making-a-killing-in-virtual-real-estate |title=Making a Killing in Virtual Real Estate |last=Russo |first=Camilla |date=2018-06-12 |work=Bloomberg |access-date=2018-09-05}}</ref> and had a $20 million internal economy {{asof|2018|09|lc=y}}.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/people-are-making-more-than-500-buying-property-that-doesnt-actually-exist-2018-09-04 |title=People are making more than 500% buying property that doesn't actually exist |last=Hankin |first=Aaron |date=2018-09-04 |work=MarketWatch |access-date=2018-09-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> ] holds a patent for its blockchain-based NFT-sneakers called ‘CryptoKicks’.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Beedham|first=Matthew|date=2019-12-10|title=Nike now holds patent for blockchain-based sneakers called ‘CryptoKicks’|url=https://thenextweb.com/hardfork/2019/12/10/nike-blockchain-sneakers-cryptokick-patent/|access-date=2020-12-23|website=Hard Fork {{!}} The Next Web|language=en-us}}</ref>

On February 19, 2021, the ] ($591,702.00 on that day) as an NFT.


== References == == References ==

Revision as of 19:28, 19 February 2021

File:NFT Icon.png
NFT Icon

A non-fungible token (NFT) is a special type of cryptographic token which represents something unique; non-fungible tokens are thus not mutually interchangeable. This is in contrast to cryptocurrencies like bitcoin, and many network or utility tokens that are fungible in nature.

Applications

Non-fungible tokens are used to create verifiable digital scarcity, as well as digital ownership, and the possibility of asset interoperability across multiple platforms. NFTs are used in several specific applications that require unique digital items like crypto art, crypto-collectibles and crypto-gaming.

Art was an early use case for blockchain. NFTs prove authenticity and ownership of digital art. The launch of CryptoPunks In June 2017 paved the way for "rare" art on the Ethereum Blockchain. DADA.art built from the CryptoPunks model and launched the first marketplace for rare digital art in Oct 2017.

Later, popular blockchain games like CryptoKitties made use of non-fungible tokens on the Ethereum blockchain. NFTs are used to represent in-game assets, and are controlled by the user, instead of the game developer. This lets the assets be traded on third-party marketplaces without permission from the game developer.

Standards

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Specific token standards have been created to support the use of a blockchain in gaming. These include the ERC-721 standard of CryptoKitties, and the more recent ERC-1155 standard.

ERC-721 Standard

ERC721 was the first standard for representing non-fungible digital assets. ERC721 is an inheritable Solidity smart contract standard, meaning that developers can easily create new ERC721-compliant contracts by importing it from the OpenZeppelin library.

ERC-1155 Standard

ERC1155, brings the idea of semi-fungibility to the NFT world as well as it provides a superset of ERC721 functionality, meaning that an ERC721 asset could be built using ERC1155.

Growth and mainstream appeal

Non-fungible tokens first became popular when CryptoKitties went viral and subsequently raised a $12.5 million investment. RareBits, a Non-Fungible Token marketplace and exchange, raised a $6 million investment. Gamedex, a collectible cards game platform made possible by NFTs, raised a $800,000 seed round. Decentraland, a blockchain-based virtual world, raised $26 million in an initial coin offering, and had a $20 million internal economy as of September 2018. Nike holds a patent for its blockchain-based NFT-sneakers called ‘CryptoKicks’.

References

  1. Merriam Webster Definition
  2. Schroeder, Stan. "Crypto trading card game 'Gods Unchained' looks pretty sweet in first gameplay trailer". Mashable. Retrieved 2018-11-18.
  3. "Enjin is Creating a Real-Life Ready Player One, and It's Powered by Blockchain". VentureBeat. 2019-04-16. Retrieved 2019-08-14.
  4. "The Art World Needs Blockchain – Irish Tech News". irishtechnews.ie. Retrieved 2018-05-02.
  5. "how cryptopunks creators charmed the art world and paved the way for blockchain art". Breaker. 2019-01-19.
  6. "the blockchain art market is here". Artnome. 2017-12-17.
  7. Wong, Joon Ian. "The Ethereum world is now obsessed with breeding cartoon cats". Quartz. Retrieved 2018-05-02.
  8. "CryptoKitties shows everything can — and will — be tokenized". VentureBeat. 2017-12-04. Retrieved 2018-05-02.
  9. Wong, Joon Ian. "CryptoKitties is jamming up the ethereum network". Quartz. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  10. "CryptoKitties Mania Overwhelms Ethereum Network's Processing". Bloomberg.com. 2017-12-04. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  11. "CryptoKitties raises $12M from Andreessen Horowitz and Union Square Ventures – TechCrunch". techcrunch.com. Retrieved 2018-05-07.
  12. "Crypto-collectibles and Kitties marketplace Rare Bits raises $6M – TechCrunch". techcrunch.com. Retrieved 2018-05-07.
  13. "Blockchain startup Gamedex raises $0.8 million seed round to build platform for digital collectible card games like Pokemon – TechStartups". techstartups.com. Retrieved 2018-05-07.
  14. Russo, Camilla (2018-06-12). "Making a Killing in Virtual Real Estate". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2018-09-05.
  15. Hankin, Aaron (2018-09-04). "People are making more than 500% buying property that doesn't actually exist". MarketWatch. Retrieved 2018-09-05.
  16. Beedham, Matthew (2019-12-10). "Nike now holds patent for blockchain-based sneakers called 'CryptoKicks'". Hard Fork | The Next Web. Retrieved 2020-12-23.

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