René II, Duke of Lorraine: Difference between revisions

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	==Life==		==Life==
	René was born in ], the son of ] and ].{{sfn\|Carroll\|2011\|p=310}} He spent his youth in the court of his grandfather ] between Angers and ], ~~succeeding~~ to his father in Vaudémont in 1470 and, three years later, to his uncle as captain of Angers, ] and governor of Anjou. ~~In the~~ same year he became Duke of Lorraine, which was at the time under the pressure of both ] and ] of Burgundy, with whom he initially allied. When the latter began to establish garrisons in Lorraine, however, René secretly allied with Louis (1474).		René was born in ], the son of ] and ].{{sfn\|Carroll\|2011\|p=310}} He spent his youth in the court of his grandfather ] between Angers and ]. René succeeded his father in Vaudémont in 1470 and, three years later, his uncle as captain of Angers, ] and governor of Anjou. That same year he became Duke of Lorraine, which was at the time under the pressure of both ] and ] of Burgundy, with whom he initially allied. When the latter began to establish garrisons in Lorraine, however, René secretly allied with Louis (1474).

	Charles invaded the duchy and René was forced to quit ] (30 November 1475). He regained the city on 5 October the following year and moved to Switzerland to hire an army of ]. With this force René defeated and killed Charles at the ] (5 January 1477), ending the ].{{sfn\|Carroll\|1998\|p=15}} In 1476, upon the death of his grandmother, he became sole ] and ].		Charles invaded the duchy and René was forced to quit ] (30 November 1475). He regained the city on 5 October the following year and moved to Switzerland to hire an army of ]. With this force René defeated and killed Charles at the ] (5 January 1477), ending the ].{{sfn\|Carroll\|1998\|p=15}} In 1476, upon the death of his grandmother, he became sole ] and ].

Revision as of 19:10, 21 May 2021

Duke of Lorraine

René II
Duke of Lorraine

Born	2 May 1451 Angers
Died	10 December 1508(1508-12-10) (aged 57) Fains
Spouse	Philippa of Guelders (m. 1485)
Issue	Antoine, Duke of Lorraine Claude, Duke of Guise John, Cardinal of Lorraine Louis, Count of Vaudémont François de Lorraine
House	Lorraine
Father	Frederick II of Vaudémont
Mother	Yolande of Lorraine

René II (2 May 1451 – 10 December 1508) was Count of Vaudémont from 1470, Duke of Lorraine from 1473, and Duke of Bar from 1483 to 1508. He claimed the crown of the Kingdom of Naples and the County of Provence as the Duke of Calabria 1480–1493 and as King of Naples and Jerusalem 1493–1508. He succeeded his uncle John of Vaudémont as Count of Harcourt in 1473, exchanging it for the county of Aumale in 1495. He succeeded as Count of Guise in 1504.

Life

René was born in Angers, the son of Yolande of Lorraine and Frederick, Count of Vaudémont. He spent his youth in the court of his grandfather René I of Anjou between Angers and Provence. René succeeded his father in Vaudémont in 1470 and, three years later, his uncle as captain of Angers, seneschal and governor of Anjou. That same year he became Duke of Lorraine, which was at the time under the pressure of both Louis XI of France and Charles the Bold of Burgundy, with whom he initially allied. When the latter began to establish garrisons in Lorraine, however, René secretly allied with Louis (1474).

Charles invaded the duchy and René was forced to quit Nancy (30 November 1475). He regained the city on 5 October the following year and moved to Switzerland to hire an army of Swiss mercenaries. With this force René defeated and killed Charles at the Battle of Nancy (5 January 1477), ending the Burgundian Wars. In 1476, upon the death of his grandmother, he became sole Count of Harcourt and Baron of Elbeuf.

Later, René got to bad terms with Louis, who had taken most of his heritage. In June 1478, as compensation for the royal seizure of Anjou and Provence, Louis XI reaffirmed his rights to the formerly Burgundian possessions of the Duchy of Luxembourg and the County of Burgundy, and then transferred those rights to René and all of his descendants.

The transfer of the County of Burgundy to France in 1482 with the Treaty of Arras made realization of these rights possible, but the County was returned to the Habsburgs in 1493 with the Treaty of Senlis and René would not exercise control over the County again. Likewise, any authority over Luxembourg was merely theoretical outside of the seizure of Virton, as the Duchy remained in possession of the Habsburgs throughout René's lifetime.

In 1480 René succeeded his grandfather as Duke of Bar while his mother was still living. In 1482 he conquered the prévôté of Virton, a part of the Duchy of Luxembourg, and annexed it to Bar. In 1484 Peter II, Duke of Bourbon, regent for the young King Charles VIII of France, formally installed him in the Duchy of Bar.

When his mother Yolande died in 1483, he succeeded her in her claims to the kingdoms of Naples and Jerusalem. In 1482, René traveled to Italy and defeated the Duke of Ferrara in the Battle of Adria as an ally of the Republic of Venice.

In 1485 René took part in the first phase of the so-called "Mad War", but prudentially retired after a while. In 1488 the Neapolitans offered him the crown of the Kingdom of Naples, and René set an expedition to gain possession of the realm; he was however halted by the new French king, Charles VIII, who intended to claim the realm himself.

In 1495, to settle a dispute with his second cousin, Jean IV de Rieux, over their grandmothers' inheritance, he ceded to Jean the county of Harcourt and its appurtenances, retaining only Elbeuf and Brionne, and receiving the county of Aumale.

Death

René fell ill during a hunt in Fains, and died on 10 December 1508, aged 57.

Family

On his mother's side, he was a grandson of Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine. His father was a member of the Vaudémont family, a junior branch of the Lorraine ducal family, descending from John I, Duke of Lorraine. He was thus both heir-general and heir-male to the Duchy when he succeeded on the death of his cousin Nicholas in 1473.

On 9 September 1471 he married Jeanne d'Harcourt (d. 1488), Countess of Tancarville, but the marriage was annulled in 1485.

René married Philippa of Guelders, daughter of Adolf, Duke of Guelders, in Orléans on 1 September 1485 and had the following children:

Charles (b. 17 August 1486, Nancy), d. young
Francis (5 July 1487, Pont-à-Mousson) (died at birth)
Antoine, Duke of Lorraine (1489–1544)
Nicholas (9 April 1493, Nancy), d. young
Claude, Duke of Guise (1496–1550), first Duke of Guise
Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine and Bishop of Metz (1498–1550)
Louis, Count of Vaudémont (1500–1528)
François, Count of Lambesc (1506–1525)
Anne (19 December 1490, Bar-le-Duc – 1491)
Isabelle (2 November 1494, Lunéville – bef. 1508)
Claude and Catherine (twins) (24 November 1502, Bar-le-Duc), d. young

Ancestors

Ancestors of René II, Duke of Lorraine

8. Frederick I, Count of Vaudémont

4. Antoine, Count of Vaudémont

9. Margaret of Joinville

2. Frederick II, Count of Vaudémont

10. John VII, Count of Harcourt

5. Marie, Countess of Harcourt

11. Marie d'Alençon

1. René II, Duke of Lorraine

12. Louis II of Naples

6. René of Anjou

13. Yolande of Aragon

3. Yolande, Duchess of Lorraine

14. Charles II, Duke of Lorraine

7. Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine

15. Margaret of the Palatinate

Notes

Carroll 1998, p. 14-15.
^ Carroll 2011, p. 310.
Carroll 1998, p. 15.
Gillespie 2017, p. 29.
Monter 2007, p. 24.
Monter 2007, pp. 23–24.
Carroll 1998, pp. 17–19.
^ Bogdan 2013, p. 100.
^ Wellman 2013, p. 236.

Sources

Bogdan, Henry (2013). La Lorraine des ducs (in French). Tempus.
Carroll, Stuart (1998). Noble Power During the French Wars of Religion: The Guise Affinity and the Catholic Cause in Normandy. Cambridge University Press.
Carroll, Stuart (2011). Martyrs and Murderers: The Guise Family and the Making of Europe. Oxford University Press.
Gillespie, Alexander (2017). The Causes of War: Volume III: 1400 CE to 1650 CE. Vol. III. Hart Publishing.
Lepage, Henri (1884). "La guerre de Sedan: Episode du règne de René II (1493–1496)". Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie lorraine. 3. 34: 183–224.
Monter, E. William (2007). A Bewitched Duchy: Lorraine and Its Dukes, 1477–1736. Librairie Droz.
Wellman, Kathleen (2013). Queens and Mistresses of Renaissance France. Yale University Press.

Titles of nobility
Preceded byFrederick II	Count of Vaudémont 1470–1508	Succeeded byAntoine
Preceded byNicholas I	Duke of Lorraine with Yolande 1473–1483 1473–1508
VacantTitle last held byNicholas I	Marquis of Pont-à-Mousson 1480–1508
Preceded byYolande	Duke of Bar 1483–1508
French nobility
Preceded byJohn	Count of Harcourt 1473–1495	Succeeded byJean IV
Preceded byJohn	Baron of Elbeuf 1473–1508	Succeeded byClaude
Preceded byJean IV	Count of Aumale 1495–1508
Preceded byCharlotte	Count of Guise 1504–1508

Categories:

Revision as of 01:57, 26 March 2021 editCitation bot (talk \| contribs)Bots5,406,495 edits Removed parameters. \| Use this bot. Report bugs. \| Suggested by Abductive \| via #UCB_webform 689/1912← Previous edit		Revision as of 19:10, 21 May 2021 edit undoParamandyr (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers49,830 edits c/eNext edit →
Line 23:		Line 23:

	==Life==		==Life==
	René was born in ], the son of ] and ].{{sfn\|Carroll\|2011\|p=310}} He spent his youth in the court of his grandfather ] between Angers and ], ~~succeeding~~ to his father in Vaudémont in 1470 and, three years later, to his uncle as captain of Angers, ] and governor of Anjou. ~~In the~~ same year he became Duke of Lorraine, which was at the time under the pressure of both ] and ] of Burgundy, with whom he initially allied. When the latter began to establish garrisons in Lorraine, however, René secretly allied with Louis (1474).		René was born in ], the son of ] and ].{{sfn\|Carroll\|2011\|p=310}} He spent his youth in the court of his grandfather ] between Angers and ]. René succeeded his father in Vaudémont in 1470 and, three years later, his uncle as captain of Angers, ] and governor of Anjou. That same year he became Duke of Lorraine, which was at the time under the pressure of both ] and ] of Burgundy, with whom he initially allied. When the latter began to establish garrisons in Lorraine, however, René secretly allied with Louis (1474).

	Charles invaded the duchy and René was forced to quit ] (30 November 1475). He regained the city on 5 October the following year and moved to Switzerland to hire an army of ]. With this force René defeated and killed Charles at the ] (5 January 1477), ending the ].{{sfn\|Carroll\|1998\|p=15}} In 1476, upon the death of his grandmother, he became sole ] and ].		Charles invaded the duchy and René was forced to quit ] (30 November 1475). He regained the city on 5 October the following year and moved to Switzerland to hire an army of ]. With this force René defeated and killed Charles at the ] (5 January 1477), ending the ].{{sfn\|Carroll\|1998\|p=15}} In 1476, upon the death of his grandmother, he became sole ] and ].

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