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	=== Early opposition ===		=== Early opposition ===
	Some of the earliest criticism of Brahminical texts, including the ] and especially the ], comes from the ] (or renunciate) traditions, including ] and ]. Sramana scholars viewed Brahminical philosophy as "heretical." In particular Sramanas denied the ''sruti'' (divine) nature of the Vedas and opposed sacrificial rituals which were at the heart of Brahminical philosophy at the time.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Thapar\|first=Romila\|date=1989\|title=Imagined Religious Communities? Ancient History and the Modern Search for a Hindu Identity\|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/312738\|journal=Modern Asian Studies\|volume=23\|issue=2\|pages=209–231\|issn=0026-749X}}</ref>		Some of the earliest criticism of Brahminical texts, including the ] and especially the ], comes from the ] (or renunciate) traditions, including ] and ]. Sramana scholars viewed Brahminical philosophy as "heretical." In particular Sramanas denied the ''sruti'' (divine) nature of the Vedas and opposed sacrificial rituals which were at the heart of Brahminical philosophy at the time.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Thapar\|first=Romila\|date=1989\|title=Imagined Religious Communities? Ancient History and the Modern Search for a Hindu Identity\|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/312738\|journal=Modern Asian Studies\|volume=23\|issue=2\|pages=209–231\|issn=0026-749X}}</ref>



	Hinduism has also faced criticism from the father of the Indian constitution who called it a menace to liberty and equality, and a disease.		Hinduism has also faced criticism from the father of the Indian constitution who called it a menace to liberty and equality, and a disease.

Revision as of 14:00, 26 May 2021

Critical review and debates against Hinduism and its practices Religion

Criticism of religion
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Criticism of Hinduism refers to aspects of Hinduism which have been criticised. For prejudice against Hindus, see Anti-Hindu sentiment.

Historical background

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021)

Early opposition

Some of the earliest criticism of Brahminical texts, including the Vedas and especially the Dharmashastras, comes from the Sramana (or renunciate) traditions, including Buddhism and Jainism. Sramana scholars viewed Brahminical philosophy as "heretical." In particular Sramanas denied the sruti (divine) nature of the Vedas and opposed sacrificial rituals which were at the heart of Brahminical philosophy at the time.

Hinduism has also faced criticism from the father of the Indian constitution who called it a menace to liberty and equality, and a disease.

Caste system

The "discriminatory and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment" of over 165 million people in India justified on the basis of caste, "a defining feature of Hinduism," has repeatedly been noticed and described by Human Rights Watch and the United Nations, along with criticism of other caste systems worldwide.

References

Thapar, Romila (1989). "Imagined Religious Communities? Ancient History and the Modern Search for a Hindu Identity". Modern Asian Studies. 23 (2): 209–231. ISSN 0026-749X.
^ "Hidden Apartheid". Human Rights Watch. 2007-02-12. Retrieved 2021-01-09.
^ "CASTE DISCRIMINATION:". www.hrw.org. Retrieved 2021-01-09.
"OHCHR | Caste systems violate human rights and dignity of millions worldwide – New UN expert report". www.ohchr.org. Retrieved 2021-01-09.
"UN report slams India for caste discrimination". CBC News. 2 March 2007.

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Related topics	Abuse Apostasy In Islam In Christianity Criticism of atheism Criticism of monotheism Sexuality Slavery Superstitions Muslim Jewish

Hinduism

topics

Philosophy

Concepts

Puruṣārthas
- Dharma
- Artha
- Kama
- Moksha

Niti
- Ahimsa
- Asteya
- Aparigraha
- Brahmacharya
- Satya
- Dāna
- Damah
- Dayā
- Akrodha

Schools

Āstika: Samkhya
Yoga
Nyaya
Vaisheshika
Mīmāṃsā
Vedanta
- Dvaita
- Advaita
- Vishishtadvaita
Nāstika: Charvaka

Texts

Classification

Vedas

Rigveda Yajurveda Samaveda Atharvaveda
Divisions	Samhita Brahmana Aranyaka
Upanishads	Aitareya Kaushitaki Brihadaranyaka Isha Taittiriya Katha Maitrayaniya Shvetashvatara Chandogya Kena Mundaka Mandukya Prashna

Gods	Trimurti Brahma Vishnu Shiva Agni Dattatreya Ganesha Hanuman Indra Kartikeya Krishna Rama Surya Varuna Vayu more
Goddesses	Tridevi Saraswati Lakshmi Parvati Bhumi Durga Kali Mahavidya Matrika Radha Rukmini Sati Shakti Shashthi Sita more

Practices

Worship	Temple Murti Puja Bhakti Japa Bhajan Naivedhya Yajna Homa Tapas Dhyāna Tirthatana
Sanskaras	Garbhadhana Pumsavana Simantonayana Jatakarma Namakarana Nishkramana Annaprashana Chudakarana Karnavedha Vidyarambha Upanayana Keshanta Ritushuddhi Samavartanam Vivaha Antyeshti
Varnashrama	Varna Brahmin Kshatriya Vaishya Shudra Ashrama Brahmacharya Grihastha Vanaprastha Sannyasa
Festivals	Diwali Holi Shivaratri Raksha Bandhan Navaratri Durga Puja Ramlila Vijayadashami Ganesh Chaturthi Rama Navami Janmashtami Onam Pongal Makar Sankranti New Year Bihu Gudi Padwa Pahela Baishakh Puthandu Vaisakhi Vishu Ugadi Kumbh Mela Haridwar Nashik Prayag Ujjain Ratha Yatra Teej Vasant Panchami Others
Other	Svādhyāya Namaste Bindi Tilaka

Outline

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Revision as of 14:00, 26 May 2021

Historical background

Early opposition

Caste system

See also

References