| Revision as of 17:34, 27 May 2021 editFavonian (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Administrators287,439 edits Reverted 1 edit by Kavkas (talk): Rv blocked edit-warriorTags: Twinkle Undo← Previous edit | Revision as of 02:01, 10 June 2021 edit undoValarkho (talk | contribs)46 edits Strabo literally litterally wrote on the NORTHERN foothills of the Caucasus Mountains, not southernTag: RevertedNext edit → | ||
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| {{Short description|Ancient Scythian tribe}} | {{Short description|Ancient Scythian tribe}} | ||
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| The '''Gelae''' ({{lang-grc|Γῆλαι}},<ref>Strabo, ''Geographica'', xi. pp. 508, 510.</ref> {{lang|grc|Γέλαι}},<ref>Plutarch, "The Life of Pompeius", c. 35.</ref> or {{lang|grc|Γέλοι}},<ref>Ptolemy, ''Geographia''.</ref> ''Gélai'' or ''Géloi'' ), or '''Gelians''', were a ] tribe mentioned by ] and other ancient writers as living on the |
The '''Gelae''' ({{lang-grc|Γῆλαι}},<ref>Strabo, ''Geographica'', xi. pp. 508, 510.</ref> {{lang|grc|Γέλαι}},<ref>Plutarch, "The Life of Pompeius", c. 35.</ref> or {{lang|grc|Γέλοι}},<ref>Ptolemy, ''Geographia''.</ref> ''Gélai'' or ''Géloi'' ), or '''Gelians''', were a ] tribe mentioned by ] and other ancient writers as living on the northern shores of the Caucasus mountains. Others claim the name of the province might possibly be derived from the Gelae.<ref name="DGRG Gelae">''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography'', vol. I, p. 986 ("Gelae").</ref> | ||
| ==Classical sources== | ==Classical sources== | ||
| Strabo writes, ''"The Amazons, are said to live in the mountains above Albania. Now Theophanes, who made the expedition with Pompey and was in the country of the Albanians, says that the '''Gelae''' and the Legae, Scythian people, live between the Amazons and the Albanians, and that the Mermadalis river flows there, midway between these people and the Amazons. But others, among whom are Metrodorus of Scepsis and Hypsicrates, who themselves, likewise, were acquainted with the region in question, say that the Amazons live on the borders of the Gargarei, in the northerly foothills of the Caucasian Mountains which are called Ceraunian."'' | |||
| According to Strabo, the tribes of the southern Caspian included the Gelae, ], ], ], and ].<ref>Strabo, ''Geographica'', xi. p. 508.</ref> If, as seems probable, this description accurately represents their distribution from west to east, then the Gelae would have lived directly east of the river ], along the border of ].<ref name="DGRG Gelae"/> Their territory is supposed to have been relatively unproductive, of little agricultural or mineral value. Pliny considers the Gelae and the Cadusii to be synonymous, with "Cadusii" being the tribe's name in Greek, and "Gelae" being its eastern equivalent.<ref>Pliny, ''Historia Naturalis'', vi. 16. s. 18.</ref> If he is correct, then it is likely that the name of modern Gilan is derived from the Gelae.<ref name="DGRG Gelae"/> | |||
| Pliny considers the Gelae and the Cadusii to be synonymous, with "Cadusii" being the tribe's name in Greek, and "Gelae" being its eastern equivalent.<ref>Pliny, ''Historia Naturalis'', vi. 16. s. 18.</ref> If he is correct, then it is likely that the name of modern Gilan is derived from the Gelae.<ref name="DGRG Gelae"/> | |||
| ==Recent scholarship== | ==Recent scholarship== | ||
| Modern scholars have developed various hypotheses about the original location, ethnicity, and the language of the Gelae. ] writes, "traces of the name of Gelae can be found in northern ]".<ref>Peter von Uslar, "The Lak Language".</ref> The connection between the name of Gilan and the Gelae was further discussed by ] and E.A. Grantovsky, who accept Pliny's identification of the Gelae and ] as one people who spoke an ancestral form of the ], one of the ]. | Modern scholars have developed various hypotheses about the original location, ethnicity, and the language of the Gelae. Julius von Klaproth, Pëtr Butkov, Karl Koch, Evgeny Krupnov, Foma Gorepekin, and others, state that Strabon's Gelae are in fact the North Caucasian ''Galgai'' (]), and consider the river ''Mermadalis'' as the river ] and locate the Gelae in the vicinity of mount ].<ref>J.Klaproth. ''Travels in the Caucasus and Georgia. Performed in the Years 1806 and 1808.''</ref><ref>E.Krupnov. ''Medieval Ingushetia'' (1971)</ref><ref>Karl Koch. ''Reise Durch Russland Nach Dem Kaukasischen Isthmus In Den Jahren 1836, 1837, Und 1838''.</ref> ] writes, "traces of the name of Gelae can be found in northern ]".<ref>Peter von Uslar, "The Lak Language".</ref> The connection between the name of Gilan and the Gelae was further discussed by ] and E.A. Grantovsky, who accept Pliny's identification of the Gelae and ] as one people who spoke an ancestral form of the ], one of the ]. | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 02:01, 10 June 2021
Ancient Scythian tribe.jpg)
The Gelae (Template:Lang-grc, Γέλαι, or Γέλοι, Gélai or Géloi ), or Gelians, were a Scythian tribe mentioned by Strabo and other ancient writers as living on the northern shores of the Caucasus mountains. Others claim the name of the province might possibly be derived from the Gelae.
Classical sources
Strabo writes, "The Amazons, are said to live in the mountains above Albania. Now Theophanes, who made the expedition with Pompey and was in the country of the Albanians, says that the Gelae and the Legae, Scythian people, live between the Amazons and the Albanians, and that the Mermadalis river flows there, midway between these people and the Amazons. But others, among whom are Metrodorus of Scepsis and Hypsicrates, who themselves, likewise, were acquainted with the region in question, say that the Amazons live on the borders of the Gargarei, in the northerly foothills of the Caucasian Mountains which are called Ceraunian."
Pliny considers the Gelae and the Cadusii to be synonymous, with "Cadusii" being the tribe's name in Greek, and "Gelae" being its eastern equivalent. If he is correct, then it is likely that the name of modern Gilan is derived from the Gelae.
Recent scholarship
Modern scholars have developed various hypotheses about the original location, ethnicity, and the language of the Gelae. Julius von Klaproth, Pëtr Butkov, Karl Koch, Evgeny Krupnov, Foma Gorepekin, and others, state that Strabon's Gelae are in fact the North Caucasian Galgai (Ingush), and consider the river Mermadalis as the river Terek and locate the Gelae in the vicinity of mount Kazbek. Peter von Uslar writes, "traces of the name of Gelae can be found in northern Dagestan". The connection between the name of Gilan and the Gelae was further discussed by Vasily Bartold and E.A. Grantovsky, who accept Pliny's identification of the Gelae and Cadusii as one people who spoke an ancestral form of the Talysh language, one of the Iranian languages.
References
- Strabo, Geographica, xi. pp. 508, 510.
- Plutarch, "The Life of Pompeius", c. 35.
- Ptolemy, Geographia.
- ^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, vol. I, p. 986 ("Gelae").
- Pliny, Historia Naturalis, vi. 16. s. 18.
- J.Klaproth. Travels in the Caucasus and Georgia. Performed in the Years 1806 and 1808.
- E.Krupnov. Medieval Ingushetia (1971)
- Karl Koch. Reise Durch Russland Nach Dem Kaukasischen Isthmus In Den Jahren 1836, 1837, Und 1838.
- Peter von Uslar, "The Lak Language".
Bibliography
- Strabo, Geographica.
- Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus (Plutarch), Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans.
- Claudius Ptolemaeus (Ptolemy), Geographia.
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1854).
- Peter von Uslar, Этнография Кавказа. Языкознание. IV. Лакский язык (Ethnography of the Caucasus, vol. IV: "The Lak Language"), Tbilisi (1890).
- Kamilla Trever, "Albania in the IV–II Centuries BCE", in Essays on the History and Culture of Caucasian Albania: IV Century BC–VII Century AD (1959).
- "Onomastics and Epigraphy of Medieval Eastern Europe and Byzantium" (1993), p. 204.
- Naturkunde: Lateinisch-Deutsch, Buch VI, Kai Brodersen, ed., Zürich (1996), p. 184.
- A.K. Alikberov, "To the Sources and Historical Foundations of the Koranic story about Yl'juj, Ma'juj and Zu-l-Karnain", in Ars Islamica: In Honor of Stanislav Mikhailovich Prozorov, Nauka, Moscow (2016), p. 350.
External links
Cadusii, at Encyclopædia Iranica.
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