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Revision as of 13:16, 28 June 2021 editLennart97 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Page movers69,822 editsm Disambiguating links to Hakkari (link changed to Hakkari (historical region)) using DisamAssist.← Previous edit Revision as of 14:38, 18 September 2021 edit undoMugsalot (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users8,505 edits Added contentNext edit →
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{{for|the village in Iran|Harir, Iran}} {{for|the village in Iran|Harir, Iran}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement {{Infobox settlement
| name = Harir |name = Harir
| other_name = |settlement_type = Town
| native_name = |image_skyline = Harir.jpg
| image_skyline = Harir.jpg |imagesize =
| imagesize = |image_caption =
| image_caption = The town of Harir |pushpin_map = Iraq#Iraqi Kurdistan
|pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map = Iraqi Kurdistan#Iraq
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Iraq
⚫ | pushpin_mapsize =
|subdivision_type = ]
⚫ | map_caption =
| subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Iraq}}
⚫ |subdivision_type1 = Region
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Iraq}}
⚫ |subdivision_name1 ={{flag|Kurdistan Region}}
⚫ | subdivision_type1 = Autonomous region
⚫ |subdivision_type2 = ]
⚫ | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Kurdistan Region}}
|subdivision_name2 = ]
⚫ | subdivision_type2 = Province
| subdivision_name2 = ] |subdivision_type3 = ]
| leader_title = ] |subdivision_name3 = ]
|subdivision_type4 = ]
⚫ | leader_name =
| established_title = |subdivision_name4 = Harir
| established_date = |leader_title =
| area_total_sq_mi = |leader_name =
| area_total_km2 = |established_title =
| population_as_of = |established_date =
| population_total = |area_total_km2 =
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/KRSO_IOM_UNFPA_Demographic_Survey_Kurdistan_Region_of_Iraq.pdf|title=Kurdistan Region of Iraq: Demographic Survey|author1=Ali Sindi|author2=Ramanathan Balakrishnan|author3=Gerard Waite|publisher=]|access-date=5 September 2021|date=July 2018|website=]|p=74}}</ref>
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_density_km2 = | population_urban = 28518
| utc_offset = | population_as_of = 2014
| population_blank1_title = Rural
⚫ | coordinates = {{coord|36.5517|N|44.3516|E|source:wikidata|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_ft = | population_blank1 = 9954
|timezone=
| elevation_m =
|utc_offset=
| website =
|timezone_DST=
| footnotes =
|utc_offset_DST=
| official_name =
⚫ |coordinates = {{coord|36.5517|N|44.3516|E|source:wikidata|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes =
⚫ |elevation_m =
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⚫ |website =
⚫ |footnotes =
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'''Harir''' ({{lang-ku|ھەریر ,Harîr}})<ref>{{cite news |title=ھاتوچۆی بارھەڵگر لە ڕێگەی دووسایدی شەقڵاوە –ھەریر قەدەغە دەکرێت |url=http://www.basnews.com/index.php/so/news/kurdistan/520127 |accessdate=19 December 2019 |language=ku}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Xîyaneta ‘ohetê sînorî’ |url=http://yeniozgurpolitika.net/xiyaneta-ohete-sinori/ |accessdate=19 December 2019 |work=Yeni Özgür Politika |date=9 June 2017 |language=ku}}</ref> is a town and sub-district located in the district of ], ], ] in ]. '''Harir''' ({{lang-ar|ھەرير}},<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-96046.html|title=Ḩarīr, Shaqlawa, Muḩāfaz̧at Arbīl, Iraq|website=]|access-date=18 September 2021}}</ref> {{lang-ku|ھەریر|Harîr}})<ref>{{cite news |title=ھاتوچۆی بارھەڵگر لە ڕێگەی دووسایدی شەقڵاوە –ھەریر قەدەغە دەکرێت |url=http://www.basnews.com/index.php/so/news/kurdistan/520127 |accessdate=19 December 2019 |language=ku}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Xîyaneta ‘ohetê sînorî’ |url=http://yeniozgurpolitika.net/xiyaneta-ohete-sinori/ |accessdate=19 December 2019 |work=Yeni Özgür Politika |date=9 June 2017 |language=ku}}</ref> is a town and sub-district in ] in ], ]. It is located in the ].

In the town, there was a church of ] Yohanna.{{sfnp|Donabed|2015|pp=276–277}}


==History== ==History==
Harir is mentioned by ] in '']'' in the 17th century as part of ].{{sfnp|Hamza|2020|p=208}} The district was ruled by ] of the ] during the reign of the ] ] ] ({{reign|1623|1640}}).{{sfnp|Bengio|2016|p=32}} The town was rebuilt in 1928 by ] refugees, all of whom were adherents of the ] and were originally from ] in the ] mountains in ], after they had departed the refugee camp at ] in the aftermath of the ] in the ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.shlama.org/population?fbclid=IwAR0rMdQbvDzjzV0_CIWBCjOGCU4OSVLrbsltgKijiY1fqYC2H6VAoQ8hJ8M|title=Population Project|website=Shlama Foundation|access-date=19 August 2021}}</ref> The church of ] Yohanna was built soon after.{{sfnp|Donabed|2015|pp=276–277}}
] included the town as part of ] in his demarcation and mentioned that the town was ruled by ].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bengio|first=Ofra|date=2014|title=Game Changers: Kurdish Women in Peace and War|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43698618?seq=1|journal=]|volume=70|pages=30-4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Gurses|first=Mehmet|title=The Kurds in the Middle East: Enduring Problems and New Dynamics|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2020|isbn=9781793613592|pages=208}}</ref> The town was destroyed during the ] and rebuilt by ] ] refugees from ]. A church was built during the reconscruction. In 1938, Harir had seventy-eight families (485 people). Prior to its destruction, the total number of Assyrian households numbered over ninety.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Donabed|first1=Sargon|title=Reforging a Forgotten History|publisher=]|year=2015|page=|pages=276-277}}</ref>


By 1938, Harir was inhabited by 485 Assyrians in 78 families.{{sfnp|Donabed|2015|pp=276–277}} The town was destroyed and its population displaced by pro-government militia, who settled at Harir, in 1963 during the ], prior to which there were over 90 Assyrian households.{{sfnp|Donabed|2015|pp=158, 276–277}} The discovery of a mass grave, in which 37 Assyrians from Harir were buried, was announced by ]'s Minister of Human Rights on 18 February 2006.{{sfnp|Donabed|2015|pp=276–277}}
In the 1947 census, the town had a population of 8,930 of which 95% of was ].<ref>{{cite book|author1=C. J. Edmonds|first=|url=https://books.google.com/books?redir_esc=y&hl=da&id=Qm26AAAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=|title=Kurds, Turks and Arabs, Politics, Travel and Research in North-Eastern Iraq, 1919-1925|date=1957|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=|isbn=|location=|page=439|pages=|access-date=17 November 2019}}</ref>


A ] was later established at Harir by the ] and used to intern over 300 Kurdish families of the ] tribe from the village of Argush who were forcibly deported there on 26 June 1978.{{sfnp|Sadiq|2021|p=103}} Amidst the ], over one thousand paratroopers of the ] ] landed at the airfield at Harir via airdrop on 26 March as part of ].{{sfnp|Shareef|2014|p=159}}
According to the Kurdish Center for Human Rights, on 18 February 2006 the Kurdish Minister of Human Rights discussed the uncovering of a mass grave in which some thirty-seven bodies were identified as Assyrians originally from Harir.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Donabed |first1=Sargon |title=Reforging a Forgotten History |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |page=277}}</ref>


== See also == ==Notable people==
*] (1425–{{circa|1495}}), Kurdish poet

*] *] (1937–2001), Assyrian politician
*] *] (b. 1958), Assyrian politician
*]
*]


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Bengio|first=Ofra|date=2016|title=Game Changers: Kurdish Women in Peace and War|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43698618?seq=1|journal=]|volume=70|pages=30–46}}
*{{cite book | last1 =Donabed| first1 = Sargon George |date=2015 |title=Reforging a Forgotten History: Iraq and the Assyrians in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Edinburgh University Press}}
*{{cite book | last1 =Hamza| first1 = Ahmed Y. |date=2020|chapter=A Contemporary Political History of the Kurds in Iran|title=The Kurds in the Middle East: Enduring Problems and New Dynamics|publisher=Lexington Books|pages=207–228|editor1=Mehmet Gurses|editor2=David Romano|editor3=Michael M. Gunter}}
*{{cite book | last1 =Sadiq| first1 = Ibrahim|date=2021|title=Origins of the Kurdish Genocide: Nation Building and Genocide as a Civilizing and De-Civilizing Process|publisher=Lexington Books}}
*{{cite book | last1 =Shareef| first1 = Mohammed |date=2014|title=The United States, Iraq and the Kurds: Shock, Awe and Aftermath|publisher=Routledge}}
{{div col end}}


] ]
] ]
] ]
]
{{Kurdistan-geo-stub}} {{Kurdistan-geo-stub}}
{{Iraq-geo-stub}} {{Iraq-geo-stub}}

Revision as of 14:38, 18 September 2021

For the village in Iran, see Harir, Iran.

Town in Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Harir
Town
Harir is located in IraqHarirHarirLocation in IraqShow map of IraqHarir is located in Iraqi KurdistanHarirHarirHarir (Iraqi Kurdistan)Show map of Iraqi Kurdistan
Coordinates: 36°33′06″N 44°21′06″E / 36.5517°N 44.3516°E / 36.5517; 44.3516
Country Iraq
Region Kurdistan Region
GovernorateErbil Governorate
DistrictShaqlawa District
Sub-districtHarir
Population
 • Urban28,518
 • Rural9,954

Harir (Template:Lang-ar, Template:Lang-ku) is a town and sub-district in Erbil Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It is located in the Shaqlawa District.

In the town, there was a church of Mar Yohanna.

History

Harir is mentioned by Evliya Çelebi in Seyahatnâme in the 17th century as part of Kurdistan. The district was ruled by Mir Xanzad of the Soran Emirate during the reign of the Ottoman Sultan Murad IV (r. 1623–1640). The town was rebuilt in 1928 by Assyrian refugees, all of whom were adherents of the Church of the East and were originally from Shemsdin in the Hakkari mountains in Turkey, after they had departed the refugee camp at Baqubah in the aftermath of the Assyrian genocide in the First World War. The church of Mar Yohanna was built soon after.

By 1938, Harir was inhabited by 485 Assyrians in 78 families. The town was destroyed and its population displaced by pro-government militia, who settled at Harir, in 1963 during the First Iraqi–Kurdish War, prior to which there were over 90 Assyrian households. The discovery of a mass grave, in which 37 Assyrians from Harir were buried, was announced by Kurdistan Regional Government's Minister of Human Rights on 18 February 2006.

A concentration camp was later established at Harir by the Iraqi government and used to intern over 300 Kurdish families of the Barzani tribe from the village of Argush who were forcibly deported there on 26 June 1978. Amidst the 2003 invasion of Iraq, over one thousand paratroopers of the US 173rd Airborne Brigade landed at the airfield at Harir via airdrop on 26 March as part of Operation Northern Delay.

Notable people

References

  1. Ali Sindi; Ramanathan Balakrishnan; Gerard Waite (July 2018). "Kurdistan Region of Iraq: Demographic Survey" (PDF). ReliefWeb. International Organization for Migration. p. 74. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  2. "Ḩarīr, Shaqlawa, Muḩāfaz̧at Arbīl, Iraq". Mindat.org. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  3. "ھاتوچۆی بارھەڵگر لە ڕێگەی دووسایدی شەقڵاوە –ھەریر قەدەغە دەکرێت" (in Kurdish). Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  4. "Xîyaneta 'ohetê sînorî'". Yeni Özgür Politika (in Kurdish). 9 June 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  5. ^ Donabed (2015), pp. 276–277.
  6. Hamza (2020), p. 208.
  7. Bengio (2016), p. 32.
  8. "Population Project". Shlama Foundation. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
  9. Donabed (2015), pp. 158, 276–277.
  10. Sadiq (2021), p. 103.
  11. Shareef (2014), p. 159.

Bibliography

  • Bengio, Ofra (2016). "Game Changers: Kurdish Women in Peace and War". Middle East Institute. 70: 30–46.
  • Donabed, Sargon George (2015). Reforging a Forgotten History: Iraq and the Assyrians in the Twentieth Century. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Hamza, Ahmed Y. (2020). "A Contemporary Political History of the Kurds in Iran". In Mehmet Gurses; David Romano; Michael M. Gunter (eds.). The Kurds in the Middle East: Enduring Problems and New Dynamics. Lexington Books. pp. 207–228.
  • Sadiq, Ibrahim (2021). Origins of the Kurdish Genocide: Nation Building and Genocide as a Civilizing and De-Civilizing Process. Lexington Books.
  • Shareef, Mohammed (2014). The United States, Iraq and the Kurds: Shock, Awe and Aftermath. Routledge.
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