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| :''For other meanings of "Cabaret" see the ]'' | |||
| '''Cabaret''' is a form of entertainment featuring ], ], ], and ], distinguished mainly by the performance venue - a ] or ] with a stage for performances and the audience sitting around the tables (often dining or drinking) watching the performance. The turn of the 19th century introduced a revolutionized cabaret culture with such performers including the spectacular ] and the legendary infamous Brazilian drag performer ] (aka Madame Sata), both of African descent. The venue itself can also be called a "cabaret". These performances could range from ] to light entertainment, each being introduced by a ], or MC. | '''Cabaret''' is a form of entertainment featuring ], ], ], and ], distinguished mainly by the performance venue - a ] or ] with a stage for performances and the audience sitting around the tables (often dining or drinking) watching the performance. The turn of the 19th century introduced a revolutionized cabaret culture with such performers including the spectacular ] and the legendary infamous Brazilian drag performer ] (aka Madame Sata), both of African descent. The venue itself can also be called a "cabaret". These performances could range from ] to light entertainment, each being introduced by a ], or MC. | ||
| The term is a ] word for the taprooms or cafés, where this form of entertainment was born, as a more artistic type of ]. It is derived from Middle Dutch ''cabret'', through Old North French ''camberette'', from Late Latin ''camera''. It basically means "small room". | The term is a ] word for the taprooms or cafés, where this form of entertainment was born, as a more artistic type of ]. It is derived from Middle Dutch ''cabret'', through Old North French ''camberette'', from Late Latin ''camera''. It basically means "small room". | ||
| The first cabaret was opened at the start of the 1880s in ]; Rodolphe Salís' "cabaret artistique". Shortly after it was ounded it was renamed "Le Chat Noir" (The Black Cat). It became a locale in which up-and-coming cabaret artists could try out their new acts in front of their peers before they were acted in front of an audience. | |||
| ==German-speaking cabaret== | |||
| Twenty years later, Ernst von Wolzogen founded the first ] cabaret, later known as "Buntes Theater" (colourful theatre). All forms of public criticism were banned by a censor on theatres in the ], however. This was lifted at the end of the ], allowing the cabaret artists to deal with social themes and political developments of the time. This meant that German cabaret really began to blossom in the 1920s and 1930s, bringing forth all kinds of new cabaret artists such as ] at the ''Katakombe'', ] at the ''Wien-München'', and ]. Some of their texts were written by great literary figures such as ], ] and ]. | |||
| When the ] came to power in ], they started to repress this intellectual criticism of the times. Cabaret in Germany was hit badly: in ] Werner Fink was briefly imprisoned and sent to a ]; at the end of that year Kurt Tucholsky commited suicide, and nearly all German-speaking cabaret artists fled into exile in ], ], ] or the ]. What remained in Germany was a state-controlled cabaret where jokes were told or the people were encouraged to keep their chins up. | |||
| When the war ended, the occupying powers ensured that the cabarets portrayed the horrors of the ] regime. Soon, various cabarets were also dealing with the government, the ] and the '']'': the ''Tol(l)leranten'' in ], the ''Kom(m)ödchen'' in ] and the ''Münchner Lach- und Schießgesellschaft'' in ]. These were followed in the 1950s by television cabaret. | |||
| In the ], the first state cabaret was opened in ], ]'s ''Die Distel''. It was censored and did not criticise the state. | |||
| Famous cabarets include: | Famous cabarets include: | ||
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| * ] in ] | * ] in ] | ||
| * ] in ], ] | * ] in ], ] | ||
| ---- | |||
| *''''']''''' is also the name of a 1966 ] ]. | |||
| *''''']''''' is also a ] ] based on that musical. | |||
| ] | ] | ||
Revision as of 13:11, 18 February 2005
- For other meanings of "Cabaret" see the disambiguation page
Cabaret is a form of entertainment featuring comedy, song, dance, and theatre, distinguished mainly by the performance venue - a restaurant or nightclub with a stage for performances and the audience sitting around the tables (often dining or drinking) watching the performance. The turn of the 19th century introduced a revolutionized cabaret culture with such performers including the spectacular Josephine Baker and the legendary infamous Brazilian drag performer João Francisco dos Santos (aka Madame Sata), both of African descent. The venue itself can also be called a "cabaret". These performances could range from political satire to light entertainment, each being introduced by a Master of Ceremonies, or MC.
The term is a French word for the taprooms or cafés, where this form of entertainment was born, as a more artistic type of café-chantant. It is derived from Middle Dutch cabret, through Old North French camberette, from Late Latin camera. It basically means "small room".
The first cabaret was opened at the start of the 1880s in Paris; Rodolphe Salís' "cabaret artistique". Shortly after it was ounded it was renamed "Le Chat Noir" (The Black Cat). It became a locale in which up-and-coming cabaret artists could try out their new acts in front of their peers before they were acted in front of an audience.
German-speaking cabaret
Twenty years later, Ernst von Wolzogen founded the first German cabaret, later known as "Buntes Theater" (colourful theatre). All forms of public criticism were banned by a censor on theatres in the German Empire, however. This was lifted at the end of the First World War, allowing the cabaret artists to deal with social themes and political developments of the time. This meant that German cabaret really began to blossom in the 1920s and 1930s, bringing forth all kinds of new cabaret artists such as Werner Fink at the Katakombe, Karl Valentin at the Wien-München, and Cläre Waldorf. Some of their texts were written by great literary figures such as Kurt Tucholsky, Erich Kästner and Klaus Mann.
When the Nazi party came to power in 1933, they started to repress this intellectual criticism of the times. Cabaret in Germany was hit badly: in 1935 Werner Fink was briefly imprisoned and sent to a concentration camp; at the end of that year Kurt Tucholsky commited suicide, and nearly all German-speaking cabaret artists fled into exile in Switzerland, France, Scandinavia or the USA. What remained in Germany was a state-controlled cabaret where jokes were told or the people were encouraged to keep their chins up.
When the war ended, the occupying powers ensured that the cabarets portrayed the horrors of the Nazi regime. Soon, various cabarets were also dealing with the government, the Cold War and the Wirtschaftswunder: the Tol(l)leranten in Mainz, the Kom(m)ödchen in Düsseldorf and the Münchner Lach- und Schießgesellschaft in Munich. These were followed in the 1950s by television cabaret.
In the GDR, the first state cabaret was opened in 1953, Berlin's Die Distel. It was censored and did not criticise the state.
Famous cabarets include:
- Moulin Rouge and Lapin Agile in Paris, France
- Cabaret Voltaire in Zürich
- Els Quatre Gats in Barcelona, Spain