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Éric Justin Léon Zemmour (French pronunciation: [eʁik zemuʁ]; born 31 August 1958) is a French far-right pundit, essayist, political journalist and writer. A household name in his homeland, he gained international attention with the publication of The French Suicide (French: Le Suicide français), a best-seller book for which he was awarded the 2015 Prix Combourg-Chateaubriand. Zemmour also received the 2011 Prix Richelieu for the whole of his career as a journalist.

Born in Montreuil to a Jewish family from Algeria, Zemmour studied at Sciences Po. He worked as a reporter for Le Quotidien de Paris from 1986 until 1996 and for Le Figaro until he was dismissed in 2009 after a controversy erupted over statements he had made, for which he was convicted of incitement to racial discrimination. He was fined €2,000 by the court. He continued thereafter to write for Le Figaro Magazine as a columnist. Zemmour appeared as a television personality on shows such as On n'est pas couché on France 2 (2006–2011), Ça se dispute on I-Télé (2003–2014) and Face à l'Info on CNews (2019–2021). He also appeared on Zemmour et Naulleau from 2011 to 2021, a weekly evening talk show hosted by Anaïs Bouton on Paris Première, together with literary critic Éric Naulleau. Zemmour worked in parallel for RTL from 2010 until 2019, first hosting the radio show Z comme Zemmour, prior to joining Yves Calvi's morning news show as an analyst.

In a 2011 article, The New York Times described Zemmour as "perhaps France's best-known professional provocateur, as much adored by the xenophobes of the far-right as he is reviled by immigrants, women and gays". He has extensively discussed the Great Replacement conspiracy theory and the Clash of Civilisations, as well as advocated for vast reforms to France's political system. Zemmour, who politically self-identifies between Gaullism and Bonapartism, has been considered in news media as a possible right-wing anti-establishment candidate in the 2022 presidential election. He remains publicly undecided about a run for office.

Life and career

Early life

Éric Zemmour was born in Montreuil, then in Seine, nowadays in Seine-Saint-Denis, on 31 August 1958, to a Jewish Algerian family of French nationality that came to metropolitan France during the Algerian War. He grew up in Drancy and later in the Paris quarter of Château Rouge. The son of Roger Zemmour (a paramedic) and his wife Lucette, a housewife, he has said he admires his mother and grandmother, as his father was often absent; he was raised by women "who taught to be a man".

Political journalist

Zemmour, who graduated from the Institut d'études politiques de Paris, twice failed to gain admission to the École nationale d'administration (ÉNA). He began his career in 1986 at Le Quotidien de Paris, under the leadership of Philippe Tesson, as a journalist at the politics desk. After the newspaper went out of business in 1994, he became an editorialist at Info-Matin, where he stayed one year. He then joined the editorship of Le Figaro in 1996 as a political journalist. Zemmour was also a freelance journalist for Marianne in 1997 and for Valeurs actuelles in 1999. In 2009, he was sacked by Le Figaro after making statements for which he is being convicted of incitement to racial discrimination. He has since written a weekly column for Le Figaro Magazine. He is also a political columnist at Le Spectacle du Monde. Despite his failure to gain admission to the École nationale d'administration, his status as a political journalist allowed him to be a member of the admissions committee of the school in 2006.

Zemmour has supported Rattachism.

Writer and essayist

Zemmour has written biographies of Édouard Balladur (Balladur, immobile à grands pas, or "Balladur, Rapidly Motionless") and Jacques Chirac (L'Homme qui ne s'aimait pas, or "The Man Who Did Not Like Himself") along with political essays. Notably, in 2006 he published Le premier sexe ("The First Sex"), a book on what he considers to be the feminisation of society. He worked on the screenplay for the film Dans la peau de Jacques Chirac by Michel Royer and Karl Zéro, although the latter stated that Zemmour's writing saw limited use. In March 2010, with Mélancolie française (which won the Prix du livre incorrect), he revisits the history of France. Zemmour's 2014 book Le Suicide français ("The French Suicide"), which sold over 500,000 copies, remains his best literary success.

Television and radio personality

Beginning in September 2003, he participated every week on the show Ça se dispute on the 24-hour news channel i>Télé opposite Nicolas Domenach (Christophe Barbier until 2006). The channel decided to stop the programme in December 2014. He also appeared on Vendredi pétantes on Canal+ until June 2006. Starting September 2006, he rejoined France 2 to participate on the show On n'est pas couché, hosted by Laurent Ruquier, accompanied by Michel Polac and then Éric Naulleau, where they were responsible for presenting honest criticism of films, books or albums most notably. During the show, their exchanges with cultural figures sometimes ended in clashes. On 27 May 2011, Ruquier announced in Le Parisien that he was replacing Zemmour and Naulleau with new contributors for the next season of On n'est pas couché.

Éric Zemmour was also a participant on the show L'Hebdo as an editorialist on Tempo, a channel for the overseas departments and territories; he was accompanied by, among others, sociologist Dominique Wolton. Finally, he was on the cable network Histoire on the show Le grand débat, hosted by Michel Field. From 4 January 2010, he also presented a short piece on RTL entitled Z comme Zemmour every Monday and Friday, during which he analyses the news. From September 2011, he has been a weekly guest on Zemmour et Naulleau alongside Éric Naulleau, an evening talk show on Paris Première. By 2021, Zemmour's show received about 900,000 nightly viewers, ten times higher than in 2019.

Conflicts with opponents

The subjects Zemmour addresses as well as the positions he defends have earned him a number of opponents. According to an article by François Dufay, La fronde des intellos (literal translation: "The Upheaval of the Intellectuals"), in the June 2002 edition of Le Point, Jean-Marie Le Pen reportedly said that " only three journalists who behave properly with respect to " are Élisabeth Lévy, Éric Zemmour and Serge Moati. Zemmour noted during an interview: "I think he meant that with an ironic wink: it refers to his famous declaration fifteen years ago that caused such a scandal when he criticised Elkabbach, Levaï, who were all Jewish, and you will note that the three who he noted treat him well are also all Jewish... And he knows that quite well, and everyone knows that quite well".

On 25 March 2009, he filed a complaint against the French rapper Youssoupha for "criminal threats and public abuse" after the uploading of the song "Because of saying it" in which Zemmour was attacked ad hominem: "Because of judging our faces, people know, that talking heads often demonise the ghetto-dwellers, each time it blows up they say it's us, I put a price on the head of the one who silences this asshole Éric Zemmour".

The rapper had clarified in a previous interview in the newspaper Le Parisien that he was not advocating silencing Zemmour by force, but rather by argument: "Silencing, it means putting him in his place. (...) The words do not refer to murder, or aggression, or injuries... I did not want to either have him killed or to deprive him of his freedom of expression. Silencing, it means to put him in his place, to expose him to his own contradictions". The album was finally released on 12 October 2009, with an expurgated version of the controversial track in which Zemmour's name is scrambled out. On 26 October 2011, Zemmour won his suit against the rapper and the director general of EMI Music France, Valérie Queinnec.

On 18 September 2018, Zemmour created a controversy by insulting the name of the columnist Hapsatou Sy in the programme Les terriens du dimanche. His words "it is your first name that is an insult to France" were cut at the editing of the show but rebroadcast by Sy. She decided to file a complaint against Zemmour.

In 2021, Zemmour was publicly accused of inappropriate sexual behaviour by several women, but no judicial proceedings followed.

Overview of political positions

Zemmour identifies his political leanings with Gaullism and Bonapartism.

From 2014, Éric Zemmour is commonly presented as a "far-right pundit" in the French media. According to Libération, Zemmour is positioned on a political segment of an extreme right more radical than the National Rally, with a speech "underpinned by the ethnic referent and the fantasy of a" great re-embarkation "of immigrants, and all or part of their descendants".

Historian Laurent Joly considers in 2015 that "since Barrès and Maurras, no other intellectual, journalist or writer has had this status as a broker of far-right ideas with a very large readership".

Anti-neoliberalism

As a result of the views that he regularly expresses on television and in his editorials in Le Figaro, Zemmour is widely perceived, according to current mainstream categories, to be situated firmly on the right of the political spectrum, but he also claims not to vote according to right-wing or left-wing politics. He declares himself to be of the Gaullist or Bonapartist tradition while acknowledging the relevance of Marxist analyses, particularly concerning the sources of profit in capitalism, including immigration. According to him, capitalism destroys traditional structures like the family in order to impose the rule of the market, an upheaval that has been apparent since the events of May 1968.

He takes a conservative stance on social issues and is also somewhat resolutely anti-liberal on economic issues. He thus identifies himself as a reactionary in opposition to a society that deconstructs social order, in particular the family and traditions, in the service of a false goal, liberating the individual who in reality finds himself isolated and reduced to the sole status of a consumer. He presents reaction as subversive in the light of the fact that progressives, today dominant in the fields of culture and media, cannot claim to criticise the established order since they themselves constitute this order and fix its norms.

Economically anti-liberal, his disapproval of free trade drives him to oppose European federalism and the European Union, which he considers to be clearly in favour of the free movement of goods and in deep conflict with the French social model. According to him, because of the European Union, the left, like the right, must apply "the same economic policy, social liberalism or liberal socialism" because, in the words of Philippe Séguin, "right and left are retailers of the same wholesaler, Europe".

Interviewed by Elisabeth Zerofsky for a New York Times article, Raphaël Glucksmann described Zemmour as having "a very clear ambition, which is to erase the divide between the republican right and the far-right under the banner of the far-right". In a radio show on France Inter in September 2017, Zerofsky reported, Zemmour told Glucksmann: "You have understood me very well".

Humanitarian intervention and the doctrine of human rights

Éric Zemmour often expresses opinions that he describes as "anti-human-rights-doctrine", thus bringing himself in opposition to some politicians (Bernard Kouchner), writers (Bernard-Henri Lévy), as well as organisations advocating the right to humanitarian intervention, which he considers to be a form of neocolonialism.

Immigration, the notion of race and anti-racism

Immigration and assimilation

A member of the French assimilationist tradition, Zemmour strongly opposes mass immigration and the current model of integrating immigrants which he considers to be too lenient in comparison to its predecessors. In November 2008, he gave an interview to the monthly Le Choc du mois where he compared immigration to a "demographic tsunami" He has also come out in favour of the Thierry Mariani amendment, which would require genetic tests in order to qualify for family reunification. On numerous occasions, he has declared that he is for assimilation, even if he himself considers it "neurotic". In particular, he expresses a nostalgia for the era of his youth, the 1960s, when he believes there was a cultural unity.

All his recurring views on the theme of immigration, as well as his virulent attacks against certain organisations (DAL and SOS Racisme in particular) are regularly the subject of controversy.

Zemmour has promoted the Great Replacement conspiracy theory, contending that France's population will be replaced by immigrants.

Comments on race

Éric Zemmour declared on Arte on 13 November 2008, while he was on the show Paris/Berlin: the debate hosted by Isabelle Giordano, that blacks and whites belonged to two different races and that this difference was discernible by skin colour, without ranking them hierarchically. He asserted that Melanesians and Antilleans belonged to the same race: "If there is no such thing as race, there is no such thing as intermixing". He continued, "The sacralisation of race during the Nazi period and earlier has been followed by the negation of race. And to me, they are both equally ridiculous".

The philosopher Vincent Cespedes, who was on the show, exercised his right of reply by writing up a response on the website of Arte and responded to the "Zemmourists" on his blog. Following a number of controversies on the Internet as a result of his comments, Zemmour also published a reply in the weekly Vendredi.

Faced with the general outcry caused by the views expressed by Éric Zemmour during the show, the deputy manager of programmes for the Arte channel explained in Télérama: "I did not think he would express himself in such a clumsy way! Our channel, of course, is not associated with Zemmour's views.... we will think twice before inviting him again!" By February 2019, for provocation to racial discrimination, he had been fined €2,000 by a French court.

Anti-racism

Zemmour says he would like to put on trial the anti-racism of the 1980s, which he considers, along with feminism, to be a "bien-pensant cause" derived from the "milieu of French and Western pseudo-elites" that the people will not follow in the least. He says that it was especially after having "read Pierre-André Taguieff" who is known for his positions and work on the Nouvelle Droite and anti-racism that he "understood that anti-racist progressivism was the successor of communism, with the same totalitarian methods developed by the Comintern during the 1930s". According to him, anti-racism is a tactic initiated by François Mitterrand to make people forget the left's turn to economic liberalism in 1983. He claims that anti-racism is an ideology implemented by former leftists who had had to give up their illusions. With immigrants, these people had found a kind of alternative revolutionary people.

Anti-feminism and "gay ideology"

In Le premier sexe, he claims the existence of the "devirilisation" of society during the 20th century and asserts that women and homosexuals have been used as a reserve army to satisfy modern capitalism's need for consumers. He accuses feminists of being demagogues and verging into political correctness in denying or rejecting the history of French society and psychological work of Freud: "I note only that Freud is vehemently rejected today by all the bien-pensants, feminists and other activists for same-sex parents". He believes that man is by nature a sexual predator who uses violence. In a parallel to this definition of virility as sexual predation, he believes that certain eras defined the role of women better than others.

He believes the "gay ideology" to be one of the main means used to invite a "man to become a woman like the others", to adopt the behaviour of women. However, he differentiates homosexuals as individuals from gays as a group. In his book Petit Frère, a character ponders the place to be given to homosexual individuals: "In every traditional society, founded on shame and secrecy, respect for life and the fear of death, "gays" would have been stigmatised and isolated, like the lepers of old". Zemmour does not fail, afterwards, to explain that these are the views of characters in a novel.

Cases before French jurisdictions

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As of 2021, Éric Zemmour has been convicted once by French jurisdictions for provocation to racial discrimination. He did not appeal his 2011 conviction. A 2015 conviction for provocation to racial discrimination was maintained on appeal in 2016, but invalidated by the Court of Cassation, which ordered for a new trial to take place. Zemmour was cleared of all charges in 2018. A 2020 conviction was overturned on appeal in 2021, as Zemmour was cleared of all charges by the court. A 2018 conviction is pending in front of the European Court of Human Rights and thus not definitive.

Conviction for provocation to racial discrimination

The International League against Racism and Anti-Semitism (LICRA) decided to launch legal proceedings against Éric Zemmour for his views after the 6 March 2010 broadcast of Salut les Terriens presented by Thierry Ardisson, where he promoted his book Mélancolie française. He declared during the show that: "French people with an immigrant background were profiled because most traffickers are Blacks and Arabs... it is a fact". The same day, he asserted on France Ô that employers "had the right to refuse Arabs or blacks". The Club Averroes and the MRAP submitted the case to the Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel after the legal proceedings brought by the LICRA. Éric Zemmour was supported by several personnalities, including the founder of Reporters Without Borders, journalist and right-wing Mayor of Béziers, Robert Ménard.

On 23 March 2010, he wrote a letter to the LICRA explaining his views. In this letter he particularly observed the views of Christian Delorme before a parliamentary commission of the Senate. He cited the book L'Islam dans les prisons by Farhad Khosrokhavar, who confirmed the figure of 70 or 80% of "Muslims in prison" estimated in a survey commissioned by the Ministry of Justice. The editors of L'Express commented that Khosrokhavar estimated the share of Muslim prisoners in certain prisons near so-called sensitive districts as between 50% and 80% and that there were no official national statistics on the subject.

The MRAP deplored the fact that ethnic origins (and not social situation) were being compared with the rate of criminality, and that all persons who shared the same ethnic origins were being exposed to suspicions of being potential criminals, and that it was their common origin which was being presented as "criminogenic". The MRAP thus decided to take the issue before the courts because according to it "by linking the misdeeds of these persons to their ethnic origins—and not to the process of social marginalisation, the concentration of poverty in certain areas, to what some in fact call a 'ghettoisation'—the journalist injured a group of persons defined by their ethnic origins.

Benoist Hurel, Assistant General Secretary of the Syndicat de la magistrature, accused the views of Éric Zemmour of being "stigmatising" and "proto-racist", denouncing the link between skin colour and criminality as "not corresponding to reality". On the other hand, the senior judge Philippe Bilger somewhat supported the views of the journalist, as he asserted concerning traffickers that "many of them are blacks and Arabs", which resulted in the summoning of Bilger by the chief prosecutor of the Court of Appeals of Paris, François Falletti.

On 30 March 2010, Éric Zemmour was ordered by SOS Racisme to appear in court on 29 June 2010, where he "will have to answer for the crimes of racial defamation and incitement to racial hatred." Despite his summons before the Seventeenth Criminal Court of the Superior Court on this day, the trial was postponed to 11, 13 and 14 January 2011 due to the proliferation of civil action filings, among which were a number of anti-racist organisations. Moreover, these views and the trial were given international scope by an article devoted to them and to Zemmour in The New York Times in February 2011. During the trial, Zemmour received testimony in his favour from journalist Robert Ménard, his fellow columnist Éric Naulleau, writer Denis Tillinac, politician Claude Goasguen and essayist Xavier Raufer.

On 18 February 2011, the Seventeenth Criminal Court of Paris sentenced Éric Zemmour to a suspended fine of €2,000 for the views expressed on France Ô, the fine being divided between two judgments equally: the first judgment concerning the proceedings brought by SOS Racisme, the LICRA and MRAP; and a second judgment concerning those brought by the UEJF and J'accuse. The court concluded that the pundit had justified an unlawful discriminatory practice—discrimination in hiring—in presenting it as legitimate. On the other hand, he was released from the proceedings for racial defamation for the views presented on the show Salut les Terriens, which were judged "shocking" but not "defamatory".

Moreover, in addition to the fine, the first judgment sentenced him to pay €1,000 in damages and interest and €2,000 in legal costs to each of the three organisations (totalling €9,000) and the second sentenced him to pay one euro to each of the civil parties and €750 in legal costs (totalling €1,502).

On 2 March 2011, invited by Hervé Novelli and given an ovation by the members of Parliament from the Union for a Popular Movement at the national convention of The Reformers, Éric Zemmour suggested doing away with the laws on racial discrimination, the memorial laws, prosecutions by anti-racist organisations and subsidies to them in a speech to the UMP members of Parliament. On 5 March 2011, some voices were raised against Zemmour and called for Rémy Pflimlin, the CEO of France Télévisions, to suspend Zemmour's collaboration with France 2, which he refused to do. The President of SOS Racisme, Dominique Sopo, wrote him a letter and demanded sanctions, after which it was the turn of the General Confederation of Labour to demand a reaction from Pfimlin.

Publications

Non-fiction

• 1995: Balladur, immobile à grands pas, Grasset ISBN 978-2-246-48971-9
• 1998: Le Livre noir de la droite, Grasset et Fasquelle ISBN 978-2-246-56251-1
• 1998: Le Coup d'État des juges, Grasset et Fasquelle ISBN 978-2-246-52551-6
• 1998: Une certaine idée de la France, collectif, France-Empire ISBN 978-2-7048-0872-4
• 2000: Les Rats de garde, in collaboration with Patrick Poivre d'Arvor, Stock ISBN 978-2-234-05217-8
• 2002: L'Homme qui ne s'aimait pas, Balland ISBN 978-2-7158-1408-0
• 2006: Le premier sexe, Denoël, ISBN 978-2-207-25744-9 – republished J'ai lu, 2009
• 2010: Mélancolie française, Fayard /Denoël ISBN 978-2-213-65450-8 – republished Le Livre de Poche, 2011.
• 2011: Z comme Zemmour, Le Cherche midi ISBN 978-2-7491-1865-9
• 2012: Le Bûcher des vaniteux, Albin Michel ISBN 9782226240248
• 2013: Le Bûcher des vaniteux 2, Albin Michel ISBN 9782226245410
• 2014: Le Suicide français, Albin Michel ISBN 9782226254757
• 2016: Un quinquennat pour rien, Albin Michel ISBN 9782226320087
• 2018: Destin français, Albin Michel ISBN 9782226320070
• 2021: La France n'a pas dit son dernier mot, Rubempré ISBN 9782957930500

Novels

• 1999: Le Dandy rouge, Plon ISBN 978-2-259-19058-9
• 2004: L'Autre, Denoël ISBN 978-2-207-25496-7
• 2008: Petit Frère, Denoël ISBN 978-2-207-25668-8 – republished J'ai lu, 2009

Prizes

• 2010 Prix de la Liberté d'expression (Enquête & Débat)
• 2010 Prix du livre incorrect
• 2011 Prix Richelieu (Association de Défense de la langue française)
• 2015 Prix Combourg-Chateaubriand (Académie Chateaubriand)

Books on Éric Zemmour

• Chems-Eddine Hafiz, De quoi Zemmour est devenu le nom, Éditions du Moment, Paris, 2010, page 128 ISBN 978-2-35417-107-0
• Mohamed Sifaoui, Éric Zemmour, une supercherie française, Armand Colin, Paris, 2010, pages 251 ISBN 978-2-200-25559-6
• Shlomo Sand, The End of the French Intellectual, a critique of three French intellectuals including Zemmour

Notes

1. Éric Zemmour is commonly presented as far right pundit: La Croix, Le Point, Marianne, Le Monde, Challenges, Europe 1, LCI, France Bleu, 20 Minutes, Le HuffPost, Le Parisien, La Voix du Nord, Le Courrier picard, La Provence, Libération, Mediapart, L'Obs, Les Inrocks, L'Humanité, Numérama, Charlie Hebdo, Acrimed, Arrêt sur images, Juriguide, Le Courrier de l'Atlas, Jeune Afrique, Streetpress.

References

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2. ^ ""Le Figaro" lance une nouvelle formule et veut faire payer plus d'articles sur le Net". Le Monde. 2013-03-28.
3. ^ "Éric Zemmour condamné pour provocation à la discrimination raciale". Le Point (in French). 2011-02-18. Retrieved 2021-08-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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5. ^ Zerofsky, Elisabeth (6 February 2019). "The Right-Wing Pundit 'Hashtag Triggering' France". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
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15. According to 7 January 2008, Grandes Gueules programme, published on the blog of Grandes Gueules, Éric Zemmour was invited at 1 p.m. to present his book Petit Frère
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45. Escalona, Fabien. "«En France, la défiance politique est plus élevée qu'ailleurs»". Mediapart (in French). Retrieved 2021-08-27.
46. Domenach, Hugo (2019-04-12). "Européennes : Marion Maréchal et Éric Zemmour ont envisagé de faire liste commune". Le Point (in French). Retrieved 2021-08-27.
47. Albertini, Dominique (2018-01-18). "Eric Zemmour : une radicalité qui recentre Marine Le Pen". Libération (in French). Retrieved 2021-08-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
48. "Le FN, Marion Maréchal-Le Pen, Villiers, Zemmour... Ce qu'ils doivent à l'Action française". Bibliobs (in French). Retrieved 2021-08-27.
49. Notably Ça se dispute and On n'est pas couché.
50. On n'est pas couché on YouTube on 8 September 2007.
51. ^ "Eric Zemmour: "Je ne demande pas la francisation des noms"". LExpress.fr. 11 March 2010.
52. ^ Interview with Éric Zemmour by Nicky Depasse on Nostalgie Belgique on 17 June 2007.
53. Jean Sévillia, « Zemmour. Feu sur les idées reçues », Le Figaro, 26 February 2010
54. Zemmour, Éric (12 October 2007), "Immigration: le réel interdit", Le Monde (in French).
55. Recurring themes on Ça se dispute and in his editorials in Le Figaro; set forth in particular during his interview with François Bayrou in On n'est pas couché on 1 December 2007.
56. Ça se dispute, i>Télé, September 2007
57. Interview with François Bayrou on the TV show On n'est pas couché on 1 December 2007.
58. Zemmour, Éric (11 November 2007), "Nicolas Sarkozy ou le soixante-huitard malgré lui", Le Figaro (in French)
59. Fabrice Madouas, « Éric Zemmour : "La droite a perdu ses repères" », Valeurs actuelles, 25 March 2010.
60. "This domain was registered by Youdot.io". www.lechocdumois.fr.
61. Ripostes, France 5, 23 September 2007.
62. Malle, Victor (13 September 2021). "Would-be French presidential candidate Zemmour axed from TV talk show". Financial Times.
63. "Eric Zemmour, the French TV star who is stealing Marine Le Pen's thunder". POLITICO. 2021-06-04. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
64. Paris/Berlin : le débat, transcript of the 13 November 2008, show.
65. "Response of Vincent Cespedes".
66. (in French) Vincent Cespedes répond aux zemmouristes, 7 December 2008.
67. (in French) "Polémique sur les races : Zemmour répond aux internautes". Archived from the original on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 5 December 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link).
68. Thierry Leclère, « Affaire Zemmour : Arte sort enfin du silence », in Télérama no. 3076, 18 December 2008 .
69. Interview with Éric Zemmour by Monique Atlan on the show "Quelle étagère...", 14 January 2008
70. Éric Zemmour, Immigration : le réel interdit, Le Monde, 12 October 2007.
71. Vincent Cespedes (2006), "Mais pourquoi est-elle si méchante ?", Compte-rendu du philosophe (in French), retrieved 25 August 2008
72. Laure Joanin (2006), "Interview de Eric Zemmour", Actualite du Livre (in French), archived from the original on 2011-12-09.
73. Cali Rise (6 April 2006), "Interview Éric Zemmour", Impudique Magazine (in French)
74. Le Premier sexe, pp. 32 et 33.
75. Le Premier sexe, p. 67.
76. "Eric Zemmour relaxé en appel après des propos polémiques sur les musulmans", Le Point (in French), 29 November 2018
77. "Eric Zemmour relaxé en appel pour des propos sur l'islam et l'immigration tenus à la «Convention de la droite»", Le Figaro (in French), 8 September 2021
78. "Scandaleux : 3 condamnations pénales pour Zemmour et les micros lui restent ouverts !". L'Humanité (in French). 2020-09-28. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
79. "Combien de fois Eric Zemmour a-t-il déjà été condamné ?". Libération (in French). 2021-09-08. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
80. "La LICRA va poursuivre en justice Éric Zemmour, 16 March 2010, on lemonde.fr". Fr.news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
81. ^ "Eric Zemmour condamné pour provocation à la discrimination raciale". Google.com. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
82. AFP, « Respects veut voir Zemmour en banlieue »,Le Figaro, 12 March 2010.
83. AFP, «Zemmour : le MRAP en appelle au CSA », Le Figaro, 9 March 2010.
84. AFP, « Propos d'Éric Zemmour: le CSA saisi », Le Figaro, 11 March 2010.
85. "Municipales : Robert Ménard dit avoir le soutien du FN à Béziers". 30 May 2013 – via Le Monde.
86. Elected in 2014 with the help of the far-right Front National. « Robert Ménard défend Eric Zemmour dans l’émission « C’ à dire » sur France 5 », Novopress.info, 29 March 2010.
87. "Meilleure banque en ligne : comparatif des établissements 2019". Marianne2.fr. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
88. "Et si l'affaire Zemmour faisait réfléchir ?". AgoraVox. 24 March 2010.
89. "Eric Zemmour: "Je ne demande pas la francisation des noms"". LExpress.fr. 11 March 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
90. "MRAP". Mrap.fr. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
91. Affaire Zemmour-Bilger : "des propos aberrants" on the website of TF1.
92. Philippe Bilger, « Éric Zemmour ou le trublion officiel », 17 March 2010
93. « Un haut-magistrat défend les propos controversés de Zemmour », leParisien.fr, 24 March 2010
94. Éric Zemmour assigné le 29 juin par SOS Racisme, leparisien.fr
95. « Le procès Zemmour renvoyé au mois de janvier » on the website FranceAntilles.fr
96. "L'invitation de Zemmour à un débat de l'UMP indigne SOS Racisme". L'Obs. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
97. "Franceinfo - Actualités en temps réel et info en direct". Franceinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
98. Zemmour expose sa liberté d'expression à l'UMP (in French).
99. Rémy Pflimlin ne désavoue pas Éric Zemmour.
100. "TéléObs: toute l'actu télé, ciné et musique". L'Obs. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
101. Lettre ouverte de la CGT (in French).

External links

• Media related to Éric Zemmour at Wikimedia Commons
• Selection of videos of Zemmour

• 1958 births
• Living people
• Conservatism in France
• People from Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis
• Great Replacement conspiracy theorists
• Far-right politics in France
• French journalists
• French political writers
• French political commentators
• 20th-century French Jews
• French people of Algerian-Berber descent
• French people of Algerian-Jewish descent
• Sciences Po alumni
• French columnists
• Male critics of feminism
• French critics of Islam
• French male non-fiction writers