| Revision as of 17:03, 1 April 2022 editAndrew J.Kurbiko (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users18,304 editsNo edit summary← Previous edit | Revision as of 13:25, 31 May 2022 edit undoFumikas Sagisavas (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, IP block exemptions8,280 edits →ClimateNext edit → | ||
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| | Dec record high C = 13.8 | | Dec record high C = 13.8 | ||
| | year record high C = 37.8 | | year record high C = 37.8 | ||
| | Jan avg record high C = 8.9 | |||
| | Feb avg record high C = 9.9 | |||
| | Mar avg record high C = 15.1 | |||
| | Apr avg record high C = 22.3 | |||
| | May avg record high C = 26.3 | |||
| | Jun avg record high C = 28.6 | |||
| | Jul avg record high C = 29.9 | |||
| | Aug avg record high C = 30.1 | |||
| | Sep avg record high C = 25.3 | |||
| | Oct avg record high C = 19.2 | |||
| | Nov avg record high C = 13.1 | |||
| | Dec avg record high C = 9.4 | |||
| |year avg record high C = 32.0 | |||
| | Jan high C = 2.8 | | Jan high C = 2.8 | ||
| | Feb high C = 3.5 | | Feb high C = 3.5 | ||
| Line 134: | Line 147: | ||
| | Dec low C = 0.1 | | Dec low C = 0.1 | ||
| | year low C = 6.1 | | year low C = 6.1 | ||
| | Jan avg record low C = -10.6 | |||
| | Feb avg record low C = -8.3 | |||
| | Mar avg record low C = -5.4 | |||
| | Apr avg record low C = -1.3 | |||
| | May avg record low C = 2.1 | |||
| | Jun avg record low C = 7.0 | |||
| | Jul avg record low C = 10.3 | |||
| | Aug avg record low C = 10.0 | |||
| | Sep avg record low C = 5.7 | |||
| | Oct avg record low C = 0.8 | |||
| | Nov avg record low C = -3.0 | |||
| | Dec avg record low C = -7.1 | |||
| |year avg record low C = -13.2 | |||
| | Jan record low C = -23.1 | | Jan record low C = -23.1 | ||
| | Feb record low C = -26.6 | | Feb record low C = -26.6 | ||
| Line 289: | Line 315: | ||
| | access-date = 12 February 2022}}</ref> | | access-date = 12 February 2022}}</ref> | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| == Demographics == | == Demographics == | ||
Revision as of 13:25, 31 May 2022
Place in Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland| Ustka | |
|---|---|
 Collage of views of Ustka: lighthouse, beach in Ustka, mermaid, boats in the port, the entrance to the port, the port in Ustka bird's eye view | |
 Flag Coat of arms | |
  UstkaShow map of Pomeranian Voivodeship UstkaShow map of Poland UstkaShow map of Baltic Sea | |
| Coordinates: 54°35′N 16°51′E / 54.583°N 16.850°E / 54.583; 16.850 | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship |  Pomeranian |
| County | Słupsk |
| Gmina | Ustka (urban gmina) |
| Established | thirteenth century |
| Town rights | 1935 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Jacek Maniszewski |
| Area | |
| • Total | 10.14 km (3.92 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 3 m (10 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 15,973 |
| • Density | 1,600/km (4,100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 76-270 |
| Area code | +48 59 |
| Car plates | GSL |
| Website | http://www.ustka.pl |
Ustka (pronounced oostka; Template:Lang-de; Kashubian Ùskô) is a town in the Middle Pomerania region of northwestern Poland with 17,100 inhabitants (2001). It is also part of Słupsk County in Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999, and was previously in Słupsk Voivodeship (1975–1998).
History
The first settlers arrived at present-day Ustka as early as the 9th century, and established a fishing settlement with the original name of Ujść.
The area at the mouth of the river Słupia (Stolpe) was ceded to the town of Słupsk (Stolp) in 1337 with the purpose of building a fishing harbour and a commercial port there to the Baltic Sea. According to documents in 1355 a church was built. In 1382 the city of Stolp (Słupsk) became a member of the Hanseatic League.
The town was given to Brandenburg-Prussia as part of the Duchy of Pomerania after the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. On August 1, 1778, a blaze destroyed 18 houses which, however, were soon re-built. The first railway station was opened in 1878. The rails were transported by the sea and the bedding for the track was formed by sand taken from the dunes on the Western Beach. The first passenger train departed Stolpmünde on 1 October 1878. The rail was also used as a main transport facilitating the trade from the harbour. The rail track was extended to run into the harbour, trading mostly grain and spirits. Records state that in 1887, the local harbour shipped 5 million litres of plain spirits. The Harbour lost its importance after the World War II, fishing taking priority over trade. The current shape of the harbour is a result of an investment between 1899 and 1903 creating the largest port between Stettin (Szczecin) and Danzig (Gdańsk).
The creation of the territory known as Polish Corridor at the end of World War I separated the German exclave of East Prussia from the German Province of Pomerania. As a result, the German Ministry for Transport established a ferry connection to East Prussia ("Sea Service East Prussia" or Seedienst Ostpreußen) in 1922, independent of the transit through Poland. These ships also harboured in Stolpmünde. Because of the increasing traffic it was planned for the harbour to be enlarged and modernized. The gigantic new development kicked off at the beginning of 1938. A third pier was started as docking station for the largest vessels. The construction of the new port was halted on 23 September 1939 after the German Invasion of Poland.
The old part of the town has retained its layout since the Middle Ages. The small residential buildings were modernised in the thirties of the 19th century, however the layout of the streets was not changed. Since 2005, Ustka's authorities and the European Union embarked on the Revitilisation Programme for Old Ustka. Many buildings have and are being restored.
Monuments in the town include a lighthouse from 1871 (rebuilt to include the octagonal tower in 1892), Main Post Office from 1875 and church from 1882. The first historic records mention the village of Ujść or Ujście of Pomerania in 1310. As part of the Holy Roman Empire it was ruled by Dukes of Pomerania. Stolpmünde, became part of the Kingdom of Prussia, then the German Empire until 1945 (Weimar Republic and finally, Nazi Germany).
After World War II, the new Polish authorities took steps to determine an official name to replace the German 'Stolpmünde'. Ujść, Uszcz, and Ustka were all posted on the main railway station in 1945; Nowy Słupsk was the name on the sign at the main Post Office; Postomino was the town's name at the town hall; and Słupioujście was posted at the Harbour Master's office . The final name, Ustka, was decided upon in the late 1940s.
Tourism
Ustka is a popular tourist destination and a fishing port on the south coasts of the Baltic. For a number of years, following the political changes in Poland, the town has won a string of local awards for the best summer place in the country. After the collapse of the Ustka Shipyard, the only shipyard in Poland to have manufactured fire-proof lifeboats, and a number of fish processing enterprises, the local authorities put tourism as a primary source of income for the town. Since the end of the 19th century, Ustka has been recognised as a summer holiday resort and various illnesses treatment and recovery centre.
There are two beaches in Ustka. The Eastern Beach and the Western Beach, divided by the river Słupia. Since the eastern part of the town contains the centre, the Eastern Beach is more popular than the Western Beach. The Western Beach runs into the territory of the Navy Training Centre (CSSMW, Centrum Szkolenia Specjalistów Marynarki Wojennej), access to which was restricted beyond a certain point in the west. However, much more popular, developed and facilitated with numerous bars, restaurants, a concert hall, and a waterfront promenade (built in 1875), the Eastern Beach is more prone to "abrasia" (the erosion of the sea). The maintenance of the beach, which after the winter storm season becomes very narrow, is one of the considerable expenses of Ustka authorities. The Eastern Beach has high sand cliffs. The Western Beach is flat.
There is a new (built in 2013), swing pedestrian bridge over the river Slupia - open for 15 minutes every hour, that links both beaches every day. Road-rail bridge in Ustka is located outside the centre, in the western part of the town - close to the main railway station.
Near Ustka is a military exercise area from which Meteor-type sounding rockets were launched in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Ustka is also a host of the annual International Contest of Fireworks, which takes place in the middle of July.
Panoramic view of beach and port in Ustka seen from pier
Climate
Ustka has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb).
| Climate data for Ustka (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.8 (56.8) |
17.8 (64.0) |
22.5 (72.5) |
29.4 (84.9) |
32.1 (89.8) |
34.8 (94.6) |
35.1 (95.2) |
37.8 (100.0) |
33.2 (91.8) |
28.0 (82.4) |
20.0 (68.0) |
13.8 (56.8) |
37.8 (100.0) |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | 8.9 (48.0) |
9.9 (49.8) |
15.1 (59.2) |
22.3 (72.1) |
26.3 (79.3) |
28.6 (83.5) |
29.9 (85.8) |
30.1 (86.2) |
25.3 (77.5) |
19.2 (66.6) |
13.1 (55.6) |
9.4 (48.9) |
32.0 (89.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) |
3.5 (38.3) |
6.2 (43.2) |
11.0 (51.8) |
15.1 (59.2) |
18.9 (66.0) |
21.5 (70.7) |
21.9 (71.4) |
18.1 (64.6) |
12.9 (55.2) |
7.5 (45.5) |
4.0 (39.2) |
12.0 (53.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) |
1.1 (34.0) |
3.1 (37.6) |
7.1 (44.8) |
11.2 (52.2) |
15.1 (59.2) |
17.8 (64.0) |
18.0 (64.4) |
14.4 (57.9) |
9.8 (49.6) |
5.3 (41.5) |
2.1 (35.8) |
8.8 (47.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.4 (29.5) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
0.7 (33.3) |
4.1 (39.4) |
8.0 (46.4) |
11.8 (53.2) |
14.5 (58.1) |
14.6 (58.3) |
11.4 (52.5) |
7.2 (45.0) |
3.3 (37.9) |
0.1 (32.2) |
6.1 (43.0) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | −10.6 (12.9) |
−8.3 (17.1) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
2.1 (35.8) |
7.0 (44.6) |
10.3 (50.5) |
10.0 (50.0) |
5.7 (42.3) |
0.8 (33.4) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
−13.2 (8.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −23.1 (−9.6) |
−26.6 (−15.9) |
−15.7 (3.7) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
4.5 (40.1) |
4.4 (39.9) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−18.9 (−2.0) |
−26.6 (−15.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 43.9 (1.73) |
37.0 (1.46) |
39.0 (1.54) |
26.6 (1.05) |
43.8 (1.72) |
55.9 (2.20) |
74.9 (2.95) |
85.7 (3.37) |
74.7 (2.94) |
75.7 (2.98) |
57.1 (2.25) |
52.6 (2.07) |
666.8 (26.25) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 5.1 (2.0) |
5.7 (2.2) |
3.8 (1.5) |
0.3 (0.1) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.2 (0.1) |
1.2 (0.5) |
4.3 (1.7) |
5.7 (2.2) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 17.63 | 16.00 | 14.53 | 10.60 | 11.40 | 12.17 | 13.70 | 14.60 | 14.27 | 15.67 | 17.43 | 18.97 | 176.97 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0 cm) | 10.1 | 11.1 | 4.9 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 6.0 | 34.1 |
| Source 1: Institute of Meteorology and Water Management | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Meteomodel.pl (records) | |||||||||||||
Demographics
Before the end of World War II most inhabitants of the town were German Protestants, who were expelled from the town having been annexed by Poland. As a result, the current population is composed predominantly of Roman Catholics
| Year | Inhabitants |
|---|---|
| 1905 | 2,374 |
| 1933 | 4,014 |
| 1939 | 4,739 |
| 1960 | 6,100 |
| 1970 | 9,000 |
| 1975 | 12,400 |
| 1980 | 15,200 |
| 2001 | 17,100 |
| 2015 | 15,973 |
Notable people
- Kazimierz Adach (born 1957), boxer, Olympic medalist
- Barbara Madejczyk (born 1976), javelin thrower
- Michael Dembek (born 1991), President Canadian Polish Congress
Twin towns – sister cities
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in PolandUstka is twinned with:
- Bielsko-Biała, Poland
Homécourt, France
Kappeln, Germany
Palanga, Lithuania- Słupsk, Poland
Former twin towns:
Pionersky, Russia (terminated in 2022 as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine)
Notes
- One more name, Ujście, is associated with the town, but the contributor who added it did not say where Ujście was posted, if it was.
References
- Alicja Deck-Partyka, Poland, a Unique Country & Its People, Authorhouse - 2006, p. 135. Accessed 2008-29-04.
- Zofia Uszyńska, Poland, Travel Guide. Published by Agpol, 1960. Page 43. Accessed 2008-05-05.
- The book about today's Polish Baltic Sea Coast (Die Polnische Ostseeküste) describes the current town of Ustka and its location at the mouth of the river, Ujscie = Mündung Ujscie = Muendung,(at mouth of River) = mouth of river (water flow). In Polish, ujsc means 'escape' (such as a river), and the connection to water is reflected in other European languages such as uisce, usque (see Whisky) and the River Usk and others.
- Lighthouse at Stolpmünde built in 1871
- Kottek, Markus; Grieser, Jürgen; Beck, Christoph; Rudolf, Bruno; Rubel, Franz (2006). "World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated" (PDF). Meteorologische Zeitschrift. 15 (3): 259–263. Bibcode:2006MetZe..15..259K. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130.
- Peel, M. C.; Finlayson B. L. & McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification" (PDF). Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11 (5): 1633–1644. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. ISSN 1027-5606.
- "Średnia dobowa temperatura powietrza". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
- "Średnia minimalna temperatura powietrza". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
- "Średnia maksymalna temperatura powietrza". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
- "Miesięczna suma opadu". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
- "Liczba dni z opadem >= 0,1 mm". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
- "Średnia grubość pokrywy śnieżnej". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
-
"Liczba dni z pokrywą śnieżna > 0 cm". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; 21 January 2022 suggested (help) - "Średnia suma usłonecznienia (h)". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
- "Ustka Absolutna temperatura maksymalna" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
- "Ustka Absolutna temperatura minimalna" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
- "Miasta partnerskie". ustka.pl (in Polish). Ustka. Retrieved 2021-03-04.
- "Ustka zerwała umowę partnerską z rosyjskim miastem Pioniersk" (in Polish). Retrieved 9 March 2022.
External links
Media related to Historia Ustki at Wikimedia Commons
Media related to Dziedzictwo Kultury at Wikimedia Commons
- Stolp in 1539 on Carta Marina by Olaus Magnus
- Stolpmünde on 1709 map
- Ustka website (in Polish)
- China Daily article about mermaid statue of Ustka
- Ustka Old Town
- Stolpmünde: History until 1945 (in German)
54°35′N 16°51′E / 54.583°N 16.850°E / 54.583; 16.850
| Słupsk County | ||
|---|---|---|
| Seat (not part of the county): Słupsk | ||
| Urban gmina |  | |
| Urban-rural gmina | ||
| Rural gminas | ||
