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Satu Mare County Județul Satu Mare
County
Coat of arms
Coordinates: 47°41′N 22°53′E / 47.69°N 22.89°E / 47.69; 22.89
Country	Romania
Development region	Nord-Vest
Historical region	Crișana, Maramureș
Capital	Satu Mare
Area
• Total	4,418 km (1,706 sq mi)
• Rank	36th
Population
• Total	329,079
• Rank	31st
• Density	74/km (190/sq mi)
Telephone code	(+40) 261 or (+40) 361
ISO 3166 code	RO-SM
GDP (nominal)	US$ 2.150 billion (2015)
GDP per capita	US$ 6,533 (2015)
Website	County Council Prefecture

Satu Mare County (Template:Lang-ro, pronounced [ˌsatu ˈmare]) is a county (județ) of Romania, on the border with Hungary and Ukraine. The capital city is Satu Mare.

Name

In Hungarian, it is known as Szatmár megye, in German as Kreis Sathmar, in Ukrainian as Сату-Маре, and in Slovak as Satmárska župa.

Demographics

Satu Mare is a multicultural city, with a population mix of Romanian, Hungarian, Roma, German, and other ethnicities.

In 2002, Satu Mare County had a population of 367,281 and the population density was 83/km (210/sq mi).

• Romanians – 58.8%
• Hungarians – 35.2%
• Roma – 3.7%
• Germans (Sathmar Swabians) – 1.7%
• Ukrainians, Slovaks, other

In 2011, its population was 329,079 and population density was 74.48/km (192.9/sq mi).

• Romanians – 57.73%
• Hungarians – 34.5%
• Roma – 5.32%
• Germans (Sathmar Swabians) – 1.51%
• Rusyns, Ukrainians, Slovaks, other

Hungarians mostly reside along the border with Hungary, but some are also scattered throughout the whole county. Historically, Hungarians were concentrated in the cities, where administration resides, while the Romanian population was larger in the villages throughout the county. In 1930, the Hungarians represented 41.9% of the urban population in Satu Mare County and only 20.0% of the population in the villages according to census data. The proportion of different ethnic groups varied throughout history, due to regime and political changes. After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, the Hungarian population increased its proportion greatly, in 1880 representing 44.4% and in 1910 reaching 55.1% of the county population, according to Árpád E. Varga. After World War I the Hungarian and German population declined.

Geography

Satu Mare County has a total area of 4,418 square kilometres (1,706 sq mi).

In the north are the Oaș Mountains, part of the Eastern Carpathians. This makes up around 17% of the area. The remainder is hills, forming 20% of the area, and plains. The western part of the county takes up the Eastern part of the Pannonian Plain.

The county is crossed by the Someș River, the Tur River, and Crasna River.

The county lies partly in the historical region of Maramureș and partly in the historical region of Crișana.

Neighbours

• Maramureș County in the East.
• Hungary in the West – Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County.
• Ukraine in the North – Zakarpattia Oblast.
• Bihor County and Sălaj County in the South.

Satu Mare County, together with the Bihor, Bistrița-Năsăud, Cluj, Maramureș, and Sălaj counties, constitute the Nord-Vest development region of Romania. The county is a member of the Carpathian Euroregion.

Economy

Satu Mare County benefits from its position, close to the border of Romania with Hungary and Ukraine, and it is one of the places which attracts foreign investment in industry and agriculture.

The predominant industries in the county are:

• Textiles industry;
• Machine and automotive components;
• Food industry;
• Wood and furniture industry.

Tourism

The main tourist attractions in the county are:

• The "Oaș Country", with its strong Romanian folk traditions, on the North Eastern side of the county;
• The Oaș Mountains;
• The cities of Satu Mare and Carei;
• Tășnad Resort;
• The fortifications from Ardud and Medieșu Aurit.

Politics

The Satu Mare County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections, consists of 32 counsellors, with the following party composition:

Administrative divisions

Satu Mare County has 2 municipalities, 4 towns, and 59 communes:

• Municipalities
  • Satu Mare – county seat; 102,441 (as of 2011)
  • Carei
• Towns
  • Ardud
  • Livada
  • Negrești-Oaș
  • Tășnad

• Communes
  • Acâș
  • Agriș
  • Andrid
  • Apa
  • Bătarci
  • Beltiug
  • Berveni
  • Bixad
  • Bârsău
  • Bogdand
  • Botiz
  • Călinești-Oaș
  • Cămărzana
  • Cămin
  • Căpleni
  • Căuaș
  • Cehal
  • Certeze
  • Ciumești
  • Craidorolț
  • Crucișor
  • Culciu
  • Doba
  • Dorolț
  • Foieni
  • Gherța Mică
  • Halmeu
  • Hodod
  • Homoroade
  • Lazuri
  • Medieșu Aurit
  • Micula
  • Moftin
  • Odoreu
  • Orașu Nou
  • Păulești
  • Petrești
  • Pir
  • Pișcolt
  • Pomi
  • Porumbești
  • Racşa
  • Sanislău
  • Santău
  • Săcășeni
  • Săuca
  • Socond
  • Supur
  • Tarna Mare
  • Terebești
  • Tiream
  • Târșolț
  • Turț
  • Turulung
  • Urziceni
  • Valea Vinului
  • Vetiș
  • Viile Satu Mare
  • Vama

Historical county

Județul Satu Mare
County (Județ)
Satu Mare County prefecture building during the interwar period.
Coat of arms
Country	Romania
Historic region	Crișana
Capital city (Reședință de județ)	Satu Mare
Area
• Total	4,242 km (1,638 sq mi)
Population
• Total	294,875
• Density	70/km (180/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)

Historically, the county was located in the northwestern part of Greater Romania, stretching to its borders with Czechoslovakia and Hungary. Its territory lay in the historical Crișana region. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of the county remained as it was, but the territory was reorganized. It was bordered on the northwest by Hungary, on the north by Czechoslovakia, to the east by Maramureș County, to the southeast by Someș County, and to the south and southwest by Sălaj County. Currently, its territory is included in the current counties of Satu Mare and Maramureș.

Administration

In 1930, the county was divided into eight districts (plăși):

1. Plasa Arded (headquartered at Arded)
2. Plasa Baia Mare (headquartered at Baia Mare)
3. Plasa Mănăștur (headquartered at Mănăștur)
4. Plasa Oașiu (headquartered at Oașiu)
5. Plasa Satu Mare (headquartered at Satu Mare)
6. Plasa Seini (headquartered at Seini)
7. Plasa Șomcuta Mare (headquartered at Șomcuta Mare)
8. Plasa Ugocea (headquartered at Ugocea)

The county included the city of Satu Mare (the county seat) and the urban communes Baia Mare and Baia Sprie.

History

Prior to World War I, the territory of the county belonged to Austria-Hungary and mostly was contained in the Szatmár County of the Kingdom of Hungary. In the aftermath of the war and the ensuing Hungarian–Romanian War, the Romanian Army entered the county in early 1919, and its administration passed to the Kingdom of Romania. The territory of Satu Mare County was transferred to Romania from Hungary as successor state to Austria-Hungary in June 1920 under the Treaty of Trianon.

In 1938, King Carol II promulgated a new Constitution, and subsequently he had the administrative division of the Romanian territory changed. 10 ținuturi (approximate translation: "lands") were created (by merging the counties) to be ruled by rezidenți regali (approximate translation: "Royal Residents") - appointed directly by the King - instead of the prefects. Satu Mare County became part of Ținutul Crișuri.

At the end of August 1940, the county was transferred back to Hungary with the rest of Northern Transylvania under the Second Vienna Award. In October 1944, Romanian forces with Soviet assistance recaptured the ceded territory, with the Battle of Carei marking the complete reintegration of Northern Transylvania into Romania. Romanian jurisdiction over the county per the Treaty of Trianon was reaffirmed in the Paris Peace Treaties, 1947. The county was disestablished by the communist government of Romania in 1950, and its territory became part of Baia Mare Region, which in turn was renamed the Maramureș Region in 1960. Satu Mare County was re-established in 1968, when Romania restored the county administrative system.

Population

According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 294,875, 60.5% Romanians, 25.2% Hungarians, 8.1% Jews, 3.2% Germans, as well as other minorities. From a religious point of view, the population consisted of 59.0% Greek Catholics, 15.0% Roman Catholics, 8.6% Jewish, 4.4% Eastern Orthodox, as well as other minorities.

Urban population

In 1930, the county's urban population was 69,526 inhabitants, 41.9% Hungarians, 35.0% Romanians, 18.6% Jews, 1.6% Germans, as well as other minorities. As a mother tongue in the urban area, Hungarian dominated (55.6%), followed by Romanian (31.1%), Yiddish (10.6%), German (1.4%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population consisted of 33.7% Greek Catholics, 23.0% Reformed, 20.0% Jewish, 19.6% Roman Catholic, 2.9% Eastern Orthodox, as well as other minorities.

See also

• Satmar (Hasidic dynasty), a Jewish religious group named after this place
• Szatmár County of the Kingdom of Hungary

References

1. The number used depends on the numbering system employed by the phone companies on the market.
2. ^ National Institute of Statistics, "Populația după etnie" Archived 2009-08-16 at the Wayback Machine
3. "Structura Etno-demografică a României". Edrc.ro. 2017-10-31. Retrieved 2018-05-13.
4. "Structura Etno-demografică a României". www.edrc.ro.
5. ^ "Recensământul general al populației României din 29 Decemvrie 1930", vol. II, pag. 394, Institutul Central de Statistică, (published in French and Romanian)
6. "Árpád E. Varga, Hungarians in Transylvania between 1870 and 1995, Original title: Erdély magyar népessége 1870–1995 között, Published in Magyar Kisebbség 3–4, 1998 (New series IV), pp. 331–407, Translation by Tamás Sályi, Linguistic editing by Rachel Orbell, Published by Teleki László Foundation. Budapest, March 1999"
7. "Erdély etnikai és felekezeti statisztikája". varga.adatbank.transindex.ro.
8. National Institute of Statistics, "Populația la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992 și 2002"
9. "Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020" (Json) (in Romanian). Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
10. Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Satu Mare
11. Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 394-401
12. Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 718-721

External links

• Maramureș travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Media related to Satu Mare County at Wikimedia Commons

v t e Counties (județe) of Romania
Alba Arad Argeș Bacău Bihor Bistrița-Năsăud Botoșani Brașov Brăila Buzău Caraș-Severin Călărași Cluj Constanța Covasna Dâmbovița Dolj Galați Giurgiu Gorj Harghita Hunedoara Ialomița Iași Ilfov Maramureș Mehedinți Mureș Neamț Olt Prahova Satu Mare Sălaj Sibiu Suceava Teleorman Timiș Tulcea Vaslui Vâlcea Vrancea

v t e Satu Mare County, Romania
Cities	Satu Mare (county seat) Carei
Towns	Ardud Livada Negrești-Oaș Tășnad
Communes	Acâș Agriș Andrid Apa Bârsău Bătarci Beltiug Berveni Bixad Bogdand Botiz Călinești-Oaș Cămărzana Cămin Căpleni Căuaș Cehal Certeze Ciumești Craidorolț Crucișor Culciu Doba Dorolț Foieni Gherța Mică Halmeu Hodod Homoroade Lazuri Medieșu Aurit Micula Moftin Odoreu Orașu Nou Păulești Petrești Pir Pișcolt Pomi Porumbești Racșa Săcășeni Sanislău Santău Săuca Socond Supur Tarna Mare Târșolț Terebești Tiream Turț Turulung Urziceni Valea Vinului Vama Vetiș Viile Satu Mare

• Satu Mare County
• Counties of Romania
• Hungarian communities in Romania
• 1925 establishments in Romania
• 1938 disestablishments in Romania
• 1944 establishments in Romania
• 1950 disestablishments in Romania
• 1968 establishments in Romania
• States and territories established in 1925
• States and territories disestablished in 1938
• States and territories established in 1944
• States and territories disestablished in 1950
• States and territories established in 1968