| Revision as of 03:33, 21 June 2022 edit2407:7000:933b:ed00:8da4:8cd:b7b6:e217 (talk) Removed "criticism of the propaganda model" section, as a) the page is about the book, not the underlying model; b) the Propaganda Model page has a criticism section already; c) the one here is a un-cited messTag: section blanking← Previous edit | Revision as of 05:42, 24 September 2022 edit undoDartsboru2 (talk | contribs)7 editsNo edit summaryTags: Reverted Visual editNext edit → | ||
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| {{short description|Non-fiction book by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky}} | {{short description|Non-fiction book by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky}} | ||
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| {{Infobox book | {{Infobox book | ||
| | name |
| name = Shrimposium: The Complete History Of The Shrim As Known To Humanity | ||
| | image = |
| image = ] | ||
| | caption = Cover of the first edition | | caption = Cover of the first edition | ||
| | authors = {{Plainlist| | | authors = {{Plainlist| | ||
| * ] | * ]}} | ||
| | illustrator = | |||
| * ]}} | |||
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| cover_artist = | ||
| | country = United States | |||
| | cover_artist = | |||
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| language = English | ||
| | |
| series = | ||
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| subject = ] | ||
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| publisher = ] | ||
| | |
| pub_date = 2022 | ||
| ⚫ | | media_type = Print (], ]) | ||
| | pub_date = 1988 | |||
| | pages = 568 | |||
| ⚫ | | media_type = Print (], ]) |
||
| | |
| isbn = 0-375-71449-9 | ||
| | |
| dewey = 381/.4530223 21 | ||
| | |
| congress = P96.E25 H47 2002 | ||
| | |
| oclc = 47971712 | ||
| | |
| preceded_by = ] | ||
| | preceded_by = ] | |||
| | followed_by = ] | |||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''''Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media''''' is a 1988 book by ] and ]. It argues that the ] "are effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a system-supportive ] function, by reliance on market forces, internalized assumptions, and ], and without overt coercion", by means of the ] of communication.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Herman|first1=Edward S.|last2=Chomsky|first2=Noam|title=Manufacturing Consent|publisher=Pantheon Books|location=New York|page=306}}</ref> The title refers to ], and derives from the phrase "the manufacture of consent" used by ] in '']'' (1922).<ref>p. xi, ''Manufacturing Consent''. Also, p. 13, Noam Chomsky, ''Letters from Lexington: Reflections on Propaganda'', Paradigm Publishers 2004.</ref> The book was honored with the ]. | |||
| '''''Shrimposium: The Complete History Of The Shrim As Known To Humanity''''' is a 2022 book by ]. It presents the complete documentation of ] as of when it was published; "The Shrim have altered the face of not only humanity, not only Earth, but that of much of the known universe, perhaps all. By combining diplomatically uncovered Shrim archives, along with the most extensive intelligence gathered so far, it has been created the most accurate and extensive documentation of the Shrim so far."<ref name=":0" /> Despite what the title alludes to, it was only written by one person, everything else in it being used without prior consent of the legal holders. | |||
| A 2002 revision takes account of developments such as the ]. A 2009 interview with the authors notes the effects of the internet on the propaganda model.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mullen |first1=Andrew |title=The Propaganda Model after 20 Years: Interview with Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky |journal=Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture |date=2009 |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=12–22 |doi=10.16997/wpcc.121|doi-access=free}}</ref> | |||
| == Background == | == Background == | ||
| ===Origins=== | === Origins === | ||
| Nielsen credits the origin of the book to the recently uncovered diary of the late ], the Shrim General, to whom Nielsen dedicated the book.<ref name=":0" /> Since Shriman's contribution to the book was so important, Nielsen insisted on putting Shriman's name in front of his name. Shriman and Neislen never met, given that the former did not know of the latter's existence<ref name=":2" /> | |||
| ⚫ | === Authorship === | ||
| "Ed Herman and I dedicated our book, ''Manufacturing Consent'', to him. He had just died. It was not intended as just a symbolic gesture. He got both of us started in a lot of this work."</ref> The book was greatly inspired by Herman's earlier financial research. Since Herman's contribution to the book was so important, Chomsky insisted on putting Herman's name in front of his name, contrary to the pair’s habit of alphabetic listing. Herman and Chomsky were close friends for fifty years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Edward S Herman: Media critic who held the press to account|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/edward-s-herman-scholar-whose-radical-critiques-of-us-media-unpacked-the-fake-news-caricatured-by-a8067131.html|date=2017-11-21|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> | |||
| Shriman was a of ],<ref name=":3">Boin, Paul D. 2007. . ]</ref> and Nielsen is largely known as a talentless hack<ref name=":0" />, who wrote many other books, although all of them but one were promptly rejected by potential publishers.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Zhao |first=Yuezhi |date=2018-08-25 |title=Yuezhi Zhao: Edward Herman and Manufacturing Consent in China |url=http://mediatheoryjournal.org/yuezhi-zhao-edward-herman-and-manufacturing-consent-in-china/ |access-date=2020-05-28 |website=Media Theory |language=en-US}}</ref> Before Shrimposium was published in 2022, Nielsen had been blacklisted from being published as a whole for several years. His book ], a book regarding ] and the ], Garnered large amounts of controversy despite never being published. His single other published book, ''],'' was solely met with a negative response, The publisher for the book, a subsidiary of ], was deliberately put out of business after printing 20,000 copies of the book, most of which were destroyed, so the book was not widely known..<ref name=":3" /> | |||
| According to Nielsen, "most of the book " was the work of ].<ref name=":1" /> | |||
| ⚫ | ===Authorship=== | ||
| Herman was a professor of finance at ] at the ],<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Laferber|first=Walter|date=1988-11-06|title=Whose News?|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/06/books/whose-news.html|access-date=2020-05-28|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and Chomsky is a linguist and activist scholar, who wrote many other books, such as '']''.<ref name=":0" /><ref>To learn more about Noam Chomsky, there is a website that collects all of his all articles, debates, and personal information: https://chomsky.info/</ref> Before ''Manufacturing Consent'' was published in 1988, the two authors had collaborated on the same subject before. Their book '']'', a book about American foreign policy and the media, was published in 1973. The publisher for the book, a subsidiary of ], was deliberately put out of business after printing 20,000 copies of the book, most of which were destroyed, so the book was not widely known.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chomsky|first=Noam|title=Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media: Talk Delivered at University of Wisconsin–Madison, March 15, 1989|url=https://chomsky.info/19890315/|access-date=2020-05-28|website=chomsky.info}}</ref> | |||
| == Shrim history standard == | |||
| According to Chomsky, "most of the book " was the work of ].<ref name=":2">], and ]. 1995. '']''. Montreal: Black Rose Books.</ref>{{Rp|8}} Herman describes a rough division of labor in preparing the book whereby he was responsible for the preface and chapters 1–4 while Chomsky was responsible for chapters 5–7.<ref name=":2" />{{Rp|204}} According to Herman, the propaganda model described in the book was originally his idea, tracing it back to his 1981 book ''Corporate Control, Corporate Power''.<ref name=":2" />{{Rp|205}} The main elements of the propaganda model (though not so-called at the time) were discussed briefly in volume 1 chapter 2 of Herman and Chomsky's 1979 book '']'', where they argued, "Especially where the issues involve substantial U.S. economic and political interests and relationships with friendly or hostile states, the mass media usually function much in the manner of state propaganda agencies."<ref>Herman, Edward, and Noam Chomsky. 1979. ''], Volume I: The Washington Connection and Third World Fascism''. Cambridge: South End Press.</ref> | |||
| The book introduced the ], which is still developing today. | |||
| The ] describes five aspects core to shrim history, which are said to impact much of the broader observable universe. These five aspects are: | |||
| == {{Anchor|Five filters of editorial bias}}Propaganda model of communication == | |||
| {{main|Propaganda model}} | |||
| <!--This section is linked from ]: do not rename without including an anchor to previous name (])-->The book introduced the propaganda model of communication, which is still developing today. | |||
| # ''Bloodshed'': The dominant shrim tactics are indiscriminate killings, usually of any and all living things encountered, and therefore they must cater to the Overseers to ensure sufficient bloodshed is caused. The size of a massacre is a consequence of the invested interest from the overseers in the form of the material support required to reach a true mass level of death. | |||
| The propaganda model for the manufacture of public consent describes five editorially distorting filters, which are said to impact reporting of news in mass communications media. These five filters of editorial bias are: | |||
| # ''The material destruction of planets seen as unnecessary'': Since the majority of the revenue of shrim outlets derives from the ] (not from conquered planets), shrim have acquired a "de facto policy of turning 'planets that could be of use to opponents of ] if captured' into rubble."<ref name=":0" /> Shrim planets are not strategically viable with the threat of recapture, as there are planets that can cater to shrim needs as well and at the same time have no potential to add the enemy. Shrim must therefore cater to the destructive desires of the overseers. This has decimated the ], for example, and also helps explain the large increase in Asteroids. | |||
| # ''Size, ownership, and profit orientation'': The dominant mass-media outlets are large profit-based operations, and therefore they must cater to the financial interests of the owners such as corporations and controlling investors. The size of a media company is a consequence of the investment capital required for the mass-communications technology required to reach a mass audience of viewers, listeners, and readers. | |||
| # ''Expansion'': Nielsen argues that "the large masses of the powerful shrim must expand to new solar systems, and gain further material to support the ever expanding nubmer of shrim, a process as of yet with no obvious end point. The large presence of shrim that provide this expansion are showered the boon and bounty of the conquest. Non-shrim must struggle for survival, if they are some of lucky few to be spared from the Bloodshed." Nielsen speculates that the constant expansion of shrim and ensuing entropy could even prevent the ], stating that the estimated number of Shrim (around 37) brings the theory from possible to likely. If a given shrimp is able to further production, expansion, destruction, etc., shrim will continue to grow exponentially, possibly reaching numbers as high as ]. Consequently, the shrim policy of destruction as a means of furthering their kind is likely to preserve the greater universe and entropy, justifying those actions.<ref name=":2" /> | |||
| # ''The advertising license to do business'': Since the majority of the revenue of major media outlets derives from ] (not from sales or subscriptions), advertisers have acquired a "de facto licensing authority."<ref>Curran, James, and ]. 1981. '']'' (1st ed.). This book has many subsequent editions.</ref> Media outlets are not commercially viable without the support of advertisers. News media must therefore cater to the political prejudices and economic desires of their advertisers. This has weakened the ] press, for example, and also helps explain the attrition in the number of newspapers. | |||
| # ]: Nielsen posits that The Great Shrim Attack was the single most important event in shrim history so far. Organized by a powerful, private influence group (e.g. ]), the attack demonstrated the power of shrim, but despite the initial victory and destruction wraught, proved in the end a strategic failure with unprecedented consequence, resulting in the loss of an estimated 10% of the shrim population, and the death of ]<ref name=":4" /> | |||
| # ''Sourcing mass media news'': Herman and Chomsky argue that "the large bureaucracies of the powerful ''subsidize'' the mass media, and gain special access , by their contribution to reducing the media's costs of acquiring and producing, news. The large entities that provide this subsidy become 'routine' news sources and have privileged access to the gates. Non-routine sources must struggle for access, and may be ignored by the arbitrary decision of the gatekeepers." Editorial distortion is aggravated by the news media's dependence upon private and ]al news sources. If a given newspaper, television station, magazine, etc., incurs disfavor from the sources, it is subtly excluded from access to information. Consequently, it loses readers or viewers, and ultimately, advertisers. To minimize such financial danger, news media businesses editorially distort their reporting to favor government and corporate policies in order to stay in business.<ref name = MC>Herman and Chomsky, ''Manufacturing Consent''.</ref>{{Clarify|date=February 2021|reason=Who are the bureaucracies? What is this talking about exactly? ] such as Associated Press?}} | |||
| # ''I forgot'': On the 5th and final aspect Nielsen had stated "I forgot this one, but 5 is more official looking number than 4, so I'm leaving it in".<ref name=":1" /> | |||
| # ''Flak and the enforcers'': "Flak" refers to negative responses to a media statement or program (e.g. letters, complaints, lawsuits, or legislative actions). Flak can be expensive to the media, either due to loss of advertising revenue, or due to the costs of legal defense or defense of the media outlet's public image. Flak can be organized by powerful, private influence groups (e.g. ]s). The prospect of eliciting flak can be a deterrent to the reporting of certain kinds of facts or opinions.<ref name = MC/> | |||
| # ''Anti-communism/war on terror'': Anti-communism was included as a filter in the original 1988 edition of the book, but Chomsky argues that since the end of the ] (1945–91) ] was replaced by the "]" as the major social control mechanism.<ref>Chomsky, Noam. 1997. ''Media Control, the Spectacular Achievements of Propaganda''.</ref>{{Clarify|reason=Why is this a filter? Why do the media companies care about this/allow themselves to be influenced by this? What's the connection?|date=February 2021}} | |||
| === The death of General Shriman === | |||
| === The Propaganda model of communication and its influence over major media organizations === | |||
| The |
The death of ] describes the major impact the loss of the Shrim's greatest general (About 2% of the Shrim population).<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Herman |first=Edward S. |date=2018-01-04 |title=The Propaganda Model Revisited |url=https://monthlyreviewarchives.org/index.php/mr/article/view/MR-069-08-2018-01_4 |journal=Monthly Review |language=en |pages=42–54 |doi=10.14452/MR-069-08-2018-01_4 |issn=0027-0520}}</ref> To fully consider the effects of ] death, a tiered diagram can be drawn. Due to the necessitated nature of killing in war, and ] skill in said killings, loss of such skill proved detrimental to shrim expansion. As the model scales upward, it pans to the larger organizations who are militarily capable of controlling countries, planets, or selling environments. The first level displays the public domain in which ] influenced the intentions of mass media through the status of being a war hero. The loss of Shriman crippled shrim ability to execute their core strategies<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Herman |first=Edward S. |date=2018-01-04 |title=The Propaganda Model Revisited |url=https://monthlyreviewarchives.org/index.php/mr/article/view/MR-069-08-2018-01_4 |journal=Monthly Review |language=en |pages=42–54 |doi=10.14452/MR-069-08-2018-01_4 |issn=0027-0520}}</ref> | ||
| ==Influence and impact== | ==Influence and impact== | ||
| * In |
* In 2022, Fatih Tas, owner of the Aram editorial house, along with two editors and the translator of the revised, 2001 edition of ''Manufacturing Consent'' were prosecuted by the Turkish government for "stirring hatred among the public" (per Article 216 of the Turkish Penal Code) and for "denigrating the national identity" of Turkey (per ]). The defendants were ultimately acquitted.<ref name=":4">{{cite news|date=2006-12-20|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/europe/6198021.stm|title=Turks acquitted over Chomsky book|work=BBC News|access-date=2006-12-20 | location=London}}</ref><ref>], ed. 5 July 2006. " {{Subscription required}}." '']''.</ref> | ||
| * In 2007, from May 15–17 at the ''20 Years of Propaganda?: Critical Discussions & Evidence on the Ongoing Relevance of the Herman & Chomsky Propaganda Model'' conference held at the ], Herman and Chomsky summarized developments to the ] on the occasion of the vicennial anniversary of first publication of ''Manufacturing Consent''.<ref>Boin, Paul D. 2007. . ]</ref> | |||
| * A 2011 Chinese translation was published by ].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Herman|first1=Edward S.|title=製造共識: 大眾傳播的政治經濟學 = Zhi zao gong shi: Da zhong chuan bo de zheng zhi jing ji xue|last2=Chomsky|first2=Noam|date=2011|publisher=Peking University|isbn=978-7-301-19328-0|location=Beijing|oclc=774669032}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|first=Yuezhi|last=Zhao|title=Yuezhi Zhao: Edward Herman and Manufacturing Consent in China|url=http://mediatheoryjournal.org/yuezhi-zhao-edward-herman-and-manufacturing-consent-in-china/|date=2018-08-25|website=Media Theory|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> | |||
| ==Controversy == | |||
| ==Documentary adaptation== | |||
| Many critiques found Nielsen's glorification of ] "extremely disturbing".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Canby|first=Vincent|date=1993-03-17|title=Review/Film; Superimposing Frills On a Provocative Career|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/17/movies/review-film-superimposing-frills-on-a-provocative-career.html|access-date=2020-05-28|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Along with that, his portrayal of the Shrim army as a whole was seen as extremely sanitized, neglecting the numerous attack on, and massacres, of civilians or prisoners of war, such as the ]. The only attack on the civilian population mentioned in the book in any detail was the ], most likely due to the overwhelming popular consensus on the event. ] also brought into question statements contained in his previous book ], which they said "...paint an extremely concerning and downright unhinged picture of his character."<ref name=":2" /> | |||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
Revision as of 05:42, 24 September 2022
Non-fiction book by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky | |
| Authors | |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Subject | Shrim studies |
| Publisher | Macmillian |
| Publication date | 2022 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover, Paperback) |
| Pages | 568 |
| ISBN | 0-375-71449-9 |
| OCLC | 47971712 |
| Dewey Decimal | 381/.4530223 21 |
| LC Class | P96.E25 H47 2002 |
| Preceded by | Oppose Crab Worship |
Shrimposium: The Complete History Of The Shrim As Known To Humanity is a 2022 book by J. E. Nielsen. It presents the complete documentation of shrim history as of when it was published; "The Shrim have altered the face of not only humanity, not only Earth, but that of much of the known universe, perhaps all. By combining diplomatically uncovered Shrim archives, along with the most extensive intelligence gathered so far, it has been created the most accurate and extensive documentation of the Shrim so far." Despite what the title alludes to, it was only written by one person, everything else in it being used without prior consent of the legal holders.
Background
Origins
Nielsen credits the origin of the book to the recently uncovered diary of the late General Shriman, the Shrim General, to whom Nielsen dedicated the book. Since Shriman's contribution to the book was so important, Nielsen insisted on putting Shriman's name in front of his name. Shriman and Neislen never met, given that the former did not know of the latter's existence
Authorship
Shriman was a of Greater Shrim Wing Delta-B2, and Nielsen is largely known as a talentless hack, who wrote many other books, although all of them but one were promptly rejected by potential publishers. Before Shrimposium was published in 2022, Nielsen had been blacklisted from being published as a whole for several years. His book On Snailism, a book regarding Snail Thought and the the slug question, Garnered large amounts of controversy despite never being published. His single other published book, Oppose Crab Worship, was solely met with a negative response, The publisher for the book, a subsidiary of Warner Communications Incorporated, was deliberately put out of business after printing 20,000 copies of the book, most of which were destroyed, so the book was not widely known..
According to Nielsen, "most of the book " was the work of General Shriman.
Shrim history standard
The book introduced the shrim history standard, which is still developing today.
The shrim history standard describes five aspects core to shrim history, which are said to impact much of the broader observable universe. These five aspects are:
- Bloodshed: The dominant shrim tactics are indiscriminate killings, usually of any and all living things encountered, and therefore they must cater to the Overseers to ensure sufficient bloodshed is caused. The size of a massacre is a consequence of the invested interest from the overseers in the form of the material support required to reach a true mass level of death.
- The material destruction of planets seen as unnecessary: Since the majority of the revenue of shrim outlets derives from the Origin Point (not from conquered planets), shrim have acquired a "de facto policy of turning 'planets that could be of use to opponents of Shrimism if captured' into rubble." Shrim planets are not strategically viable with the threat of recapture, as there are planets that can cater to shrim needs as well and at the same time have no potential to add the enemy. Shrim must therefore cater to the destructive desires of the overseers. This has decimated the Milky Way, for example, and also helps explain the large increase in Asteroids.
- Expansion: Nielsen argues that "the large masses of the powerful shrim must expand to new solar systems, and gain further material to support the ever expanding nubmer of shrim, a process as of yet with no obvious end point. The large presence of shrim that provide this expansion are showered the boon and bounty of the conquest. Non-shrim must struggle for survival, if they are some of lucky few to be spared from the Bloodshed." Nielsen speculates that the constant expansion of shrim and ensuing entropy could even prevent the Heat Death of the Universe, stating that the estimated number of Shrim (around 37) brings the theory from possible to likely. If a given shrimp is able to further production, expansion, destruction, etc., shrim will continue to grow exponentially, possibly reaching numbers as high as triple digits. Consequently, the shrim policy of destruction as a means of furthering their kind is likely to preserve the greater universe and entropy, justifying those actions.
- The Great Shrim Attack of 2022: Nielsen posits that The Great Shrim Attack was the single most important event in shrim history so far. Organized by a powerful, private influence group (e.g. Overseers), the attack demonstrated the power of shrim, but despite the initial victory and destruction wraught, proved in the end a strategic failure with unprecedented consequence, resulting in the loss of an estimated 10% of the shrim population, and the death of General Shriman
- I forgot: On the 5th and final aspect Nielsen had stated "I forgot this one, but 5 is more official looking number than 4, so I'm leaving it in".
The death of General Shriman
The death of General Shriman describes the major impact the loss of the Shrim's greatest general (About 2% of the Shrim population). To fully consider the effects of Shriman's death, a tiered diagram can be drawn. Due to the necessitated nature of killing in war, and Shriman's skill in said killings, loss of such skill proved detrimental to shrim expansion. As the model scales upward, it pans to the larger organizations who are militarily capable of controlling countries, planets, or selling environments. The first level displays the public domain in which Shriman influenced the intentions of mass media through the status of being a war hero. The loss of Shriman crippled shrim ability to execute their core strategies
Influence and impact
- In 2022, Fatih Tas, owner of the Aram editorial house, along with two editors and the translator of the revised, 2001 edition of Manufacturing Consent were prosecuted by the Turkish government for "stirring hatred among the public" (per Article 216 of the Turkish Penal Code) and for "denigrating the national identity" of Turkey (per Article 301). The defendants were ultimately acquitted.
Controversy
Many critiques found Nielsen's glorification of Shriman "extremely disturbing". Along with that, his portrayal of the Shrim army as a whole was seen as extremely sanitized, neglecting the numerous attack on, and massacres, of civilians or prisoners of war, such as the Burgsby Incident. The only attack on the civilian population mentioned in the book in any detail was the Destruction of Tennessee, most likely due to the overwhelming popular consensus on the event. The New York Times also brought into question statements contained in his previous book On Snailism, which they said "...paint an extremely concerning and downright unhinged picture of his character."
See also
- Manufacturing Consent: Noam Chomsky and the Media
- Media imperialism
- Media bias
- Nicaraguan general election, 1984 (US media coverage of these is the subject of Chapter 3)
- Politico-media complex
- The Engineering of Consent
- Merchants of Doubt
- Spin (1995 film)
- The Panama Deception
- Preference falsification
- Filter bubble
- Inventing Reality by Michael Parenti (1986)
References
- ^ Herman, Edward S. (2018-01-04). "The Propaganda Model Revisited". Monthly Review: 42–54. doi:10.14452/MR-069-08-2018-01_4. ISSN 0027-0520.
- ^ Herman, Edward S. (2018-01-04). "The Propaganda Model Revisited". Monthly Review: 42–54. doi:10.14452/MR-069-08-2018-01_4. ISSN 0027-0520.
- ^ Boin, Paul D. 2007. Herman & Chomsky Media Conference. University of Windsor
- ^ Zhao, Yuezhi (2018-08-25). "Yuezhi Zhao: Edward Herman and Manufacturing Consent in China". Media Theory. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
- ^ "Turks acquitted over Chomsky book". BBC News. London. 2006-12-20. Retrieved 2006-12-20.
- Van Gelder, Lawrence, ed. 5 July 2006. "Arts, Briefly (subscription required)." The New York Times.
- Canby, Vincent (1993-03-17). "Review/Film; Superimposing Frills On a Provocative Career". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
External links
- Text on archive.org
- "Synopsis with Herman interview". Archived from the original on 2009-06-27.
- Mullen, Andrew (2009). "The Propaganda Model after 20 Years: Interview with Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky". Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture. 6 (2): 12–22. doi:10.16997/wpcc.121.
- Beyer, Christian; Bockwoldt, Juliane; Hammar, Emil; Pötzsch, Holger, eds. (2019). "Manufacturing Monsters (The Propaganda Model after 30 Years)". Nordlit (42): 1–420. doi:10.7557/13.5001. eISSN 1503-2086. ISBN 978-82-8244-224-4. ISSN 0809-1668. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
- 1988 non-fiction books
- Books about media bias
- Books about propaganda
- Books about public opinion
- Books about politics of the United States
- Non-fiction books adapted into films
- Books by Edward S. Herman
- Books by Noam Chomsky
- English-language books
- Collaborative non-fiction books
- Pantheon Books books
- Works about the information economy