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| {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}} | |||
| {{Use British English|date=September 2022}} | |||
| {{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| |name = Komane | |name = Komane | ||
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| |imagesize = | |imagesize = | ||
| |image_caption = | |image_caption = | ||
| |pushpin_map = Iraq | |pushpin_map = Iraq#Iraqi Kurdistan | ||
| |pushpin_label_position = right | |pushpin_label_position = right | ||
| |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Iraq | |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Iraq | ||
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| |subdivision_name1 ={{flag|Kurdistan Region}} | |subdivision_name1 ={{flag|Kurdistan Region}} | ||
| |subdivision_type2 = ] | |subdivision_type2 = ] | ||
| |subdivision_name2 = ] | |subdivision_name2 = ] | ||
| |subdivision_type3 = ] | |subdivision_type3 = ] | ||
| |subdivision_name3 = ] | |subdivision_name3 = ] | ||
| |subdivision_type4 = | |subdivision_type4 = | ||
| |subdivision_name4 = | |subdivision_name4 = | ||
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| |established_date = | |established_date = | ||
| |area_total_km2 = | |area_total_km2 = | ||
| |population_as_of = |
|population_as_of = | ||
| |population_footnotes = | |population_footnotes = | ||
| |population_total = |
|population_total = | ||
| |population_density_km2 = | |population_density_km2 = | ||
| |timezone= | |timezone= | ||
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| |footnotes = | |footnotes = | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''Komane'''{{refn|Alternatively transliterated as Komana,<ref name="Komana" /> Kowane,{{sfnp|Donabed|2015|p=324}} or Kwane.<ref name="Kwane" />|group=nb}} ({{lang-ar|كـومـاني}},<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ishtartv.com/viewarticle,15148.html|title=كـومـاني|author=<!--Not stated-->|website=]|access-date=29 April 2020|language=ar}}</ref> {{Lang-ku|كوانێ}},<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 September 2015|title=پتر ژ 5 دونه‌مێن دارستانێ و 100 دارێن باهیڤان ل گوندێ كوانێ دهێنه سوتن|language=ku|work=Evronews|url=https://evronews.net/ku/پتر-ژ-5-دونه%E2%80%8Cمێن-دارستانێ-و-100-دارێن-باهی/39484/|access-date=23 December 2020}}</ref> {{lang-syr|ܟܘܡܢܐ}})<ref name="Komane" /> is a village in ] in ], ]. It is located in the ] in the |
'''Komane'''{{refn|Alternatively transliterated as Komana,<ref name="Komana" /> Kowane,{{sfnp|Donabed|2015|p=324}} or Kwane.<ref name="Kwane" />|group=nb}} ({{lang-ar|كـومـاني}},<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ishtartv.com/viewarticle,15148.html|title=كـومـاني|author=<!--Not stated-->|website=]|access-date=29 April 2020|language=ar}}</ref> {{Lang-ku|كوانێ}},<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 September 2015|title=پتر ژ 5 دونه‌مێن دارستانێ و 100 دارێن باهیڤان ل گوندێ كوانێ دهێنه سوتن|language=ku|work=Evronews|url=https://evronews.net/ku/پتر-ژ-5-دونه%E2%80%8Cمێن-دارستانێ-و-100-دارێن-باهی/39484/|access-date=23 December 2020}}</ref> {{lang-syr|ܟܘܡܢܐ}})<ref name="Komane" >{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206145244/https://www.ishtartv.com/en/viewarticle,35587.html|title=Komane|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=16 November 1996|website=]|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> is a village in ] in ], ]. It is located in the ] in ]. Komane is the sister village of ].{{sfnp|Donabed|2015|p=318}} | ||
| In the village, there are churches of ] ] |
In the village, there are churches of ] ] and Mart ].<ref name="Komana" >{{cite web |url=https://www.ishtartv.com/en/viewarticle,35592.html|title=Mart Shmune church – Komana|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=28 October 2011|website=]|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref>{{sfnm|Wilmshurst|2000|1p=462|Donabed|2015|2p=234}} | ||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| At Komane, the church of Mar Ephrem has been dated to the ] period (224–651), whilst the monastery of Mart Maryam is believed to have been founded in the 4th-century AD.{{sfnp|Donabed|2015|p=324}} There was also a monastery of Mar Quryaqos, which was constructed in the 8th-century AD.{{sfnp|Donabed|2015|p=324}} The village itself is attested in the 10th-century '']'' of Rabban ] in which its inhabitants are noted as adherents of the ].{{sfnp|Wilmshurst|2000|p=133}} Abdisho, Archbishop of Koma, likely Komane, is attested in a letter from the ] ] to ] in 1580.{{sfnp|Wilmshurst|2000|p=128}} | |||
| A ] community at Komane is attested in the 10th-century ''Life'' of Rabban ].{{sfnp|Wilmshurst|2000|p=133}} Abdisho, Archbishop of Koma, likely Komane, is attested in a letter from Patriarch ] to ] in 1580.{{sfnp|Wilmshurst|2000|p=128}} In 1850, 13 Nestorian families inhabited Komane, and had one functioning church.{{sfnp|Wilmshurst|2000|p=150}} The village was part of the Nestorian diocese of ].{{sfnp|Wilmshurst|2000|p=150}} By 1913, Komane had also become part of the ],{{sfnp|Wilmshurst|2000|p=135}} in which year the village was populated by 60 ].{{sfnp|Wilmshurst|2000|p=131}} Komane had a population of 19 people, with four families, in 1938.{{sfnp|Donabed|2015|p=324}} The ] recorded 550 people inhabited Komane in 1957.<ref name="Komane" >{{cite web |url=https://www.ishtartv.com/en/viewarticle,35587.html|title=Komane|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=16 November 1996|website=]|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> In 1961, the village had 150 families, but was destroyed by Kurds during the ] in 1965.{{sfnp|Eshoo|2004|p=10}} | |||
| In 1850, 13–20 families inhabited Komane and were served by the church of Mart Maryam as part of the Church of the East archdiocese of ].{{sfnm|Wilmshurst|2000|1p=150|Donabed|2015|2p=234}} However, most of the village's population had joined the ] by 1913, in which year there were 60 Chaldean Catholic ] at Komane served by the chapel of Our Lady of Light and | |||
| The Iraqi government constructed 100 houses, and forcibly resettled 20 ] families and 80 Kurdish families to the village in 1977.{{sfnp|Eshoo|2004|p=10}} The Assyrian families were relocated from the village of Wela in the ] area, and were adherents of the Church of the East, and thus a Nestorian church of Mart Maryam was constructed in 1978.{{sfnp|Donabed|2015|p=324}} In 1996, it was reported that Kurds had illegally confiscated Assyrian villagers' land.<ref name="Kwane">{{cite web |url=http://www.aina.org/releases/lands.htm|title=Kurdish Confiscation of Assyrian Lands in North Iraq | |||
| Life as part of the ].{{sfnm|Wilmshurst|2000|1pp=131–135|Donabed|2015|2p=324}} | |||
| ⚫ | |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=24 October 2011|website=]|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> By 2011, the ] had constructed 36 houses, restored 27 houses, and built the church of Mart Shmune.<ref name="Komane"/><ref name="Komana" /> Displaced Assyrian families found refuge at Komane, and received humanitarian aid from the ] in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.assyrianaidiraq.org/sites/default/files/report_files/AASI_Report%202014.pdf|title=Assyrian Aid Society of Iraq: Annual Report 2014| last1 =Patto| first1 =Christina K.| last2 =Eskrya| first2 =Eramia S. |date=2014|website=]|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref> On 12 June 2019, the village was struck by Turkish airstrikes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Russia and Turkey, ‘total’ cease fire at Idlib. Turkish planes bomb Kurdistan|url=http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Russia-and-Turkey,-%E2%80%98total%E2%80%99-cease-fire-at-Idlib.-Turkish-planes-bomb-Kurdistan-47270.html|work=]|date=13 June 2019|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> | ||
| The village was inhabited by 19 people with four families in 1938.{{sfnp|Donabed|2015|p=324}} The population of Komane grew and the ] counted 550 people.{{sfnp|Donabed|2015|p=324}} In 1961, the village had 150 families and a primary school was built in 1963.{{sfnm|Eshoo|2004|1p=8|Donabed|2015|2p=324}} Amidst the ], Komane was looted and burnt down in an attack by pro-regime ] ] led by Zubir Muhammad Zebari in 1965 which resulted in the death of one villager and forced the survivors to take refuge in neighbouring villages.{{sfnm|Eshoo|2004|1p=8|Donabed|2015|2p=324}} | |||
| ⚫ | The Iraqi government forcibly resettled 20 Assyrian families from the village of Wela in the ] sub-district and 80 Kurdish families at Komane in 1977.{{sfnm|Eshoo|2004|1p=8|Donabed|2015|2p=324}} A Church of the East church of Mart Maryam was constructed in 1978 for the Assyrians from Wela.{{sfnp|Donabed|2015|p=324}} In 1996, it was reported that Kurds had illegally confiscated Assyrian villagers' land.<ref name="Kwane">{{cite web |url=http://www.aina.org/releases/lands.htm|title=Kurdish Confiscation of Assyrian Lands in North Iraq|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=24 October 2011|website=]|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> By 2011, the ] had constructed 36 houses, restored 27 houses, and built the church of Mart Shmune.<ref name="Komane"/><ref name="Komana" /> Displaced Assyrian families found refuge at Komane, and received humanitarian aid from the ] in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.assyrianaidiraq.org/sites/default/files/report_files/AASI_Report%202014.pdf|title=Assyrian Aid Society of Iraq: Annual Report 2014| last1 =Patto| first1 =Christina K.| last2 =Eskrya| first2 =Eramia S. |date=2014|website=]|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref> On 12 June 2019, the village was struck by Turkish airstrikes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Russia and Turkey, ‘total’ cease fire at Idlib. Turkish planes bomb Kurdistan|url=http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Russia-and-Turkey,-%E2%80%98total%E2%80%99-cease-fire-at-Idlib.-Turkish-planes-bomb-Kurdistan-47270.html|work=]|date=13 June 2019|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| '''Notes''' | '''Notes''' | ||
| {{reflist|group=nb}} | {{reflist|group=nb|30em}} | ||
| '''Citations''' | '''Citations''' | ||
| {{reflist}} | {{reflist|30em}} | ||
| ==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
| {{div col|colwidth=30em}} | |||
| * {{cite book | last1 =Donabed| first1 = Sargon George |date=2015 |title=Reforging a Forgotten History: Iraq and the Assyrians in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Edinburgh University Press}} | * {{cite book | last1 =Donabed| first1 = Sargon George |date=2015 |title=Reforging a Forgotten History: Iraq and the Assyrians in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Edinburgh University Press}} | ||
| * |
*{{cite book | last = Eshoo| first = Majed|translator=Mary Challita |title = The Fate Of Assyrian Villages Annexed To Today's Dohuk Governorate In Iraq And The Conditions In These Villages Following The Establishment Of The Iraqi State In 1921|date = 2004|url = http://www.aina.org/reports/avod.pdf|access-date=30 July 2020}} | ||
| * {{cite book | last1 =Wilmshurst| first1 =David|date=2000|title=The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913|publisher=Peeters Publishers}} | * {{cite book | last1 =Wilmshurst| first1 =David|date=2000|title=The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913|publisher=Peeters Publishers}} | ||
| {{div col end}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
Revision as of 10:43, 13 September 2022
Village in Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| Komane | |
|---|---|
| Village | |
  KomaneLocation in IraqShow map of Iraq KomaneKomane (Iraqi Kurdistan)Show map of Iraqi Kurdistan | |
| Coordinates: 37°05′02″N 43°31′26″E / 37.084°N 43.524°E / 37.084; 43.524 | |
| Country |  Iraq |
| Region |  Kurdistan Region |
| Governorate | Duhok Governorate |
| District | Amedi District |
Komane (Template:Lang-ar, Template:Lang-ku, Template:Lang-syr) is a village in Duhok Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It is located in the Sapna valley in Amedi District. Komane is the sister village of Dere.
In the village, there are churches of Mart Maryam and Mart Shmune.
History
At Komane, the church of Mar Ephrem has been dated to the Sasanian period (224–651), whilst the monastery of Mart Maryam is believed to have been founded in the 4th-century AD. There was also a monastery of Mar Quryaqos, which was constructed in the 8th-century AD. The village itself is attested in the 10th-century Life of Rabban Joseph Busnaya in which its inhabitants are noted as adherents of the Church of the East. Abdisho, Archbishop of Koma, likely Komane, is attested in a letter from the Chaldean Catholic Patriarch Shimun IX Dinkha to Pope Gregory XIII in 1580.
In 1850, 13–20 families inhabited Komane and were served by the church of Mart Maryam as part of the Church of the East archdiocese of Berwari. However, most of the village's population had joined the Chaldean Catholic Church by 1913, in which year there were 60 Chaldean Catholic Assyrians at Komane served by the chapel of Our Lady of Light and Life as part of the Chaldean Catholic Eparchy of Amadiya.
The village was inhabited by 19 people with four families in 1938. The population of Komane grew and the Iraqi census of 1957 counted 550 people. In 1961, the village had 150 families and a primary school was built in 1963. Amidst the First Iraqi–Kurdish War, Komane was looted and burnt down in an attack by pro-regime Zebari Kurds led by Zubir Muhammad Zebari in 1965 which resulted in the death of one villager and forced the survivors to take refuge in neighbouring villages.
The Iraqi government forcibly resettled 20 Assyrian families from the village of Wela in the Nerwa Rekan sub-district and 80 Kurdish families at Komane in 1977. A Church of the East church of Mart Maryam was constructed in 1978 for the Assyrians from Wela. In 1996, it was reported that Kurds had illegally confiscated Assyrian villagers' land. By 2011, the Supreme Committee of Christian Affairs had constructed 36 houses, restored 27 houses, and built the church of Mart Shmune. Displaced Assyrian families found refuge at Komane, and received humanitarian aid from the Assyrian Aid Society in 2014. On 12 June 2019, the village was struck by Turkish airstrikes.
References
Notes
- Alternatively transliterated as Komana, Kowane, or Kwane.
Citations
- ^ "Mart Shmune church – Komana". Ishtar TV. 28 October 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
- ^ Donabed (2015), p. 324.
- ^ "Kurdish Confiscation of Assyrian Lands in North Iraq". Assyrian International News Agency. 24 October 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
- "كـومـاني". Ishtar TV (in Arabic). Retrieved 29 April 2020.
- "پتر ژ 5 دونه‌مێن دارستانێ و 100 دارێن باهیڤان ل گوندێ كوانێ دهێنه سوتن". Evronews (in Kurdish). 20 September 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ^ "Komane". Ishtar TV. 16 November 1996. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
- Donabed (2015), p. 318.
- Wilmshurst 2000, p. 462; Donabed 2015, p. 234.
- Wilmshurst (2000), p. 133.
- Wilmshurst (2000), p. 128.
- Wilmshurst 2000, p. 150; Donabed 2015, p. 234.
- Wilmshurst 2000, pp. 131–135; Donabed 2015, p. 324.
- ^ Eshoo 2004, p. 8; Donabed 2015, p. 324.
- Patto, Christina K.; Eskrya, Eramia S. (2014). "Assyrian Aid Society of Iraq: Annual Report 2014" (PDF). Assyrian Aid Society. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
- "Russia and Turkey, 'total' cease fire at Idlib. Turkish planes bomb Kurdistan". AsiaNews. 13 June 2019. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
Bibliography
- Donabed, Sargon George (2015). Reforging a Forgotten History: Iraq and the Assyrians in the Twentieth Century. Edinburgh University Press.
- Eshoo, Majed (2004). The Fate Of Assyrian Villages Annexed To Today's Dohuk Governorate In Iraq And The Conditions In These Villages Following The Establishment Of The Iraqi State In 1921 (PDF). Translated by Mary Challita. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
- Wilmshurst, David (2000). The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913. Peeters Publishers.