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A police raid is an unexpected visit by police or other law-enforcement officers with the aim of using the element of surprise in order to seize evidence or arrest suspects believed to be likely to hide evidence, resist arrest, be politically sensitive, or simply be elsewhere during the day.

The term has been incorrectly used by groups or media reporting to delegitimise the lawful execution of search and seize warrants.

By country

New Zealand

Dawn raids were a common event in Auckland, New Zealand, during a crackdown on illegal overstayers from the Pacific Islands from the mid-1970s to the early 1980s. The raids were first introduced in 1973 by Norman Kirk's Labour government and were continued by Robert Muldoon's National government. These operations involved special police squads conducting raids on the homes and workplaces of overstayers throughout New Zealand usually at dawn. Overstayers and their families were often prosecuted and then deported back to their countries.

The Dawn raids were particularly controversial, as despite Pacific Islanders only making on one-third of visa over-stayers, they accounted for 86% of those arrested and prosecuted. The majority of over-stayers were from Great Britain, Australia, and South Africa. Due to opposition from the Pacific community including the Polynesian Panthers, Labour Party, and Pacific governments, the raids were abandoned by the National Government.

In April 2021, members of the Pasifika community called for an official apology, describing the dawn raids as "government‑sanctioned racism". In mid-June 2021, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern confirmed that the New Zealand Government would formally apologise for the Dawn Raids at the Auckland Town Hall on 26 June 2021.

United Kingdom

England and Wales

Politicians

• Ruth Turner

In January 2007 Ruth Turner was arrested in a dawn raid as part of the investigation into the Cash for Peerages affair. Senior Labour politicians criticised the move; but their concern about this has been contrasted by their lack of concern at other dawn raids.

Asylum seekers

• Manuelo Bravo

In September 2005, Manuelo Bravo took his own life following a Dawn Raids. He and his son (13) were detained in Yarl's Wood Immigration Removal Centre where he had been threatened with deportation to Angola, where he feared his life was in danger as other family members had been killed there.

Scotland

Asylum-seekers

Dawn raids have become a regular feature in the arrest of asylum seekers in Scotland. These have caused a great deal of controversy and pressure has been brought to bear on the Scottish Executive to end the practise. Several support groups have been set up to oppose the practice of dawn raids, including the Glasgow Girls, the UNITY centre in Ibrox and No Border Network which campaigns under the slogan of "No one is illegal".

There has been speculation that the practice may be coming to an end for asylum seekers following criticisms from a wide range of people. On 1 February 2007 the deputy First Minister, Nichol Stephen condemned the practise of dawn raids describing them as "unacceptable and unnecessary." Some have speculated that this is part of a wider change in tactics on the issue of asylum, moving away from dawn raiding asylum seekers, to detaining families at reporting centres; however, dawn raids have continued.

• Ay family

In 2002, Yurdugal Ay and her children were suddenly removed from their home by immigration officials and taken to Dungavel detention centre in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. They were all put together in one room where they lived for a year.

• Vucaj family

In September 2005, Isen and Nexhi Vucaj were dawn raided together with their three teenage children. They were taken to Yarl's Wood Immigration Removal Centre before being deported to Albania.

• Akyol family

On 8 February 2006, Lutfu and Gultan Akyol and their two children, aged 10 and 6, were dawn raided after home office officials battered down their door. They were taken to Dungavel following the raid

• Sakchai Makao

In June 2006, Sakchai Makao, a 23-year-old man from Thailand, was dawn raided in Lerwick. A third of the Shetland Island population signed a petition to have him released. He was eventually released two weeks later. The campaign to free him later won the Scottish politician of the year award.

• Temel family

On 12 July 2006, Servat and Sakine Temel and their three children were dawn raided and taken to England awaiting deportation to Turkey.

• Benai family

In September 2006, Azzadine Benai escaped during a dawn raid on his home which saw his wife and two children (11 and 2) detained, by jumping out of a first floor window as he feared he would be killed if he was returned to Algeria. After public outcry, his wife and children, both of whom require ongoing medical treatment, were released.

• Sony family

On 2 October 2006, Caritas Sony and her two children Heaven (2) and Glad (4 months) were dawn raided with a metal battering ram. They were taken to Dungavel prior to intended deportation to the Democratic Republic of Congo, where Caritas had been raped and tortured before fleeing to the UK. After a strong campaign, Caritas and her family were eventually released.

• Uzun family

On 3 October 2006, the Uzun family managed to avoid being detained during a dawn raid, as they were absent at the time. They had gone to demonstrate solidarity with Caritas Sony

• Coban family

On 4 October 2006, Cem and Betsy Coban together with their two children, aged 14 and 3, were dawn raided. Cem Cobain threatened to jump from the balcony of his 20th storey flat rather than be deported to an uncertain future in Turkey, but after 3 hours of negotiations with Strathclyde Police he was eventually led away by immigration officials. Betsy was taken to hospital with complications related to a heart condition.

• Waku family

On 19 March 2007, Max and Onoya Waku and their three children, aged 14, 11 and 4, were dawn raided by immigration officers and taken to Dungavel detention centre. They were later released.

United States

Dawn raids are a tactic often used by law enforcement agencies in the United States. High-profile dawn raids include:

• the 22 April 2000, apprehension of Elián Gonzalez by a Border Patrol BORTAC team in Florida.
• the arrest of Rod Blagojevich on corruption charges
• the 2006 Swift raids at six meatpacking plants, leading to 1300 arrests and many deportations

The Netherlands

During the Nazi occupation of The Netherlands during World War II, the Nazis carried out numerous raids. The largest and most infamous is the Raid of Rotterdam on 10 and 11 November 1944, in which 52,000 men between the ages of 17 and 40 (some 80% of all men) from Rotterdam and the neighboring Schiedam were rounded up and put on transport to labor camps.

Cultural references

Kafka's book The Trial begins with a dawn raid.

Morrissey's song "Friday Mourning" references a dawn-raid, and they would separate children from families to bring them to a "better" family and a quote "This dawn-raid soon put paid to all the things I'd whispered to you"

Types

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Pre-dawn raid

A pre-dawn raid is a SWAT tactic that involves police, right before sunrise, raiding a location in order to gain an upper hand in combat, retrieve an important document or file, or capture a specific person. There may be a hostage of high political influence or a dangerous person that poses a threat to the police.

Pre-dawn raids usually occur during the early morning (usually between one and four o'clock), when most people are asleep. The police make a sudden entry into the premises or remain quiet to keep the element of surprise. Police often can catch their targets sleeping or unprepared, giving them the upper hand.

See also

• Dragnet (policing)
• Firing at a vehicle
• UNITY (asylum seekers organisation)

References

1. Anae, Melanie (2012). "Overstayers, Dawn Raids and the Polynesian Panthers". In Sean, Mallon (ed.). Tangata O Le Moana: New Zealand and the People of the Pacific. Te Papa Press. pp. 227–30. ISBN 978-1-877385-72-8.
2. ^ Damon Fepulea'I, Rachel Jean, Tarx Morrison (2005). Dawn Raids (documentary). TVNZ, Isola Publications.
3. Melanie Anae, 230–33
4. Beaglehole, Ann. "Controlling Pacific Island immigration". Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
5. Ma'ia'i, Leni (10 April 2021). "'Government-sanctioned racism': Pasifika in New Zealand call for apology for dawn raid policy". The Guardian. London, United Kingdom. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
6. Neilson, Michael (14 June 2021). "Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announces apology for dawn raids targeting Pasifika". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
7. Whyte, Anna (14 June 2021). "Government Minister Aupito William Sio in tears as he recalls family being subjected to dawn raid". 1 News. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
8. White, Michael (20 January 2007). "Honours inquiry moves closer to PM as aide arrested at dawn". the Guardian. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
9. "Police defend role in Turner case". 9 September 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2018 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
10. Dawn Raids Okay for Children but not Labour Aides Archived 20 June 2007 at archive.today
11. "Hanged detainee aimed to save son". 19 September 2006. Retrieved 9 September 2018 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
12. "Dawn raids on asylum seekers may be scrapped". The Scotsman. 26 January 2007.
13. "Nicol Stephen condemns dawn raids". 1 February 2007. Retrieved 9 September 2018 – via BBC News.
14. After dawn raids… the new scandal Archived 22 January 2007 at the Wayback Machine
15. "Dawn raid furore family deported". 29 September 2005. Retrieved 9 September 2018 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
16. "Indymedia Scotland, UK – Dawn Raids Back in Glasgow: Protest Saturday". www.indymedia.org.uk. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
17. "Sakchai Makao".
18. "Shetland deportation plan outcry". 7 June 2006. Retrieved 9 September 2018 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
19. "Judge frees Thai man at deportation hearing and criticises Home Office". Retrieved 9 September 2018.
20. Dawn Raid in Glasgow Archived 9 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine
21. "Judge hands Benai family reprieve". BBC News. 29 September 2006. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
22. "Family detained after dawn raid". 2 October 2006. Retrieved 9 September 2018 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
23. "Family absence thwarts dawn raid". 3 October 2006. Retrieved 9 September 2018 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
24. "Tears, anger, threatened suicide – another dawn raid". Retrieved 9 September 2018.

• Use dmy dates from September 2013
• Law enforcement techniques