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	{{italic title}}
	{{other uses\|Xin (disambiguation)}}
	{{Split\|discuss = Talk:Xin (philosophy)#Suggested split\|date=April 2022}}{{Infobox Chinese
	\| c = 心 <br/>信
	\| p = xīn <br/>xìn
	\| j = sam1 <br/>seon3
	\| vie = tâm <br/>tín
	\| chuhan = 心 <br/>信
	\| hangul = 심 <br/>신
	\| hanja = 心 <br/>信
	\| rr = sim <br/>sin
	\| kanji = 心 <br/>信
	\| kana = しん
	\| romaji = shin
	}}

	In ], '''''xin''''' can refer to either one's "heart" and "mind" ({{zh\|c={{linktext\|心}}\|p=xīn}}), or to the concept of sincerity or faithfulness ({{zh\|c={{linktext\|信}}\|p=xìn}}).

	== ''Xin'' (heart-mind) ==
	Literally, ''xin'' ({{lang\|zh\|心}}) refers to the physical heart, though it also refers to the "mind" as the ancient Chinese believed the heart was the center of human ]. However, emotion and reason were not considered as separate, but rather as coextensive; ''xin'' is as much cognitive as emotional, being simultaneously associated with thought and feeling. For these reasons, it is also often translated as "heart-mind". It has a connotation of intention, yet can be used to refer to long-term goals.{{sfnp\|Shun\|2010}}

	=== Confucianism ===
	], an important early ] thinker, considered ''xin'' ({{lang\|zh\|心}}) to be cultivated during one's life, in contrast to innate qualities of '']'' ({{zh\|c={{linktext\|性}}\|p=xìng}}), or human nature.{{sfnp\|Robins\|2008}}

	=== Daoism ===
	A ] view, specifically that of ], describes ''xin'' ({{lang\|zh\|心}}) as being socialised, with environmental pressures influencing personal intentions, sometimes in such a way that can provoke disagreements and conflict. Whereas Confucians viewed it necessary to ] ''xin'' to develop ], or moral virtue, Zhuang Zhou considered this socialisation to be detrimental to one's personal nature.{{sfnp\|Hansen\|2012}}{{sfnp\|Ivanhoe\|Van Norden\|2001\|p=393}}

	== ''Xin'' (virtue) ==
	Often translated as sincerity or faithfulness, ''xin'' ({{lang\|zh\|信}}) is one of "]" ({{zh\|c={{linktext\|五常}}\|p=wŭ cháng}}), a group of five cardinal virtues recognised in Confucianism which adds ''xin'' to the "four sprouts" ({{zh\|c=四端\|p=sì duān}}) listed in the ].{{sfnp\|Shun\|2010}}

	== See also ==
	* ], a related concept

	== References ==
	{{Reflist\|20em}}

	== Bibliography ==
	{{refbegin}}
	* {{cite encyclopedia \|last1=Hansen \|first1=Chad \|title=Taoism \|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy \|year=2012 \|editor1-last=Zalta \|editor1-first=Edward N. \|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2012/entries/taoism/}}
	* {{cite book \|editor1-last=Ivanhoe \|editor1-first=P.J. \|editor2-last=Van Norden \|editor2-first=B.W. \|year=2001 \|title=Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy \|edition=2nd \|publisher=Hackett Publishing Co. \|location=Indianapolis}}
	* {{cite encyclopedia \|last1=Robins \|first1=Dan \|title=Xunzi \|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy \|year=2008 \|editor1-last=Zalta \|editor1-first=Edward N. \|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2008/entries/xunzi/}}
	* {{cite encyclopedia \|last1=Shun \|first1=Kwong Loi \|title=Mencius \|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy \|year=2010 \|editor1-last=Zalta \|editor1-first=Edward N. \|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2010/entries/mencius/}}
	{{refend}}

	{{Chinese philosophy}}

	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]

	{{China-philo-stub}}

Revision as of 18:48, 5 January 2023

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