| Revision as of 09:06, 28 November 2022 edit2001:2d8:6235:d967:9e78:c0f6:ac18:9316 (talk)No edit summaryTags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit← Previous edit | Revision as of 11:03, 7 December 2022 edit undo3 Löwi (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users2,223 edits smoother wordingNext edit → | ||
| Line 42: | Line 42: | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| The |
The '''Autonomous Governorate of Estonia'''{{efn|{{lang-et|Eestimaa kubermang}}, {{lang-de|Gouvernement Estland}}, {{lang-ru|Эстляндская губерния}}}} of the ] was established as a result of the ] and finished when ] became a fully independent country in 1918. | ||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| For most of the time during the rule of |
For most of the time during the rule of Russian Empire 1710–1917, the area of what is now Estonia was divided between two ]. The ] in the north corresponded roughly to the area of ], and the northern portion of the ], which had a majority of ethnic Estonians. These two areas were amalgamated on {{OldStyleDate|12 April|1917|30 March}} by administrative reforms of the ]. | ||
| Elections for a provisional parliament, ] ({{lang-et|Maapäev}}) were organized, with the ] and ] factions of the ] taking a share of the vote. On 5 November 1917, two days before the ] in ] (Saint Petersburg), local Bolsheviks lead by ] and supported by pro-Soviet Russian soldiers and sailors declared themselves the new government in ] (Reval), and to attempted to usurp political power in the governorate from governor ] on 9 November. On {{OldStyleDate|28 November|1917|15 November}} the ''Maapäev'', refusing to recognize the attempted Bolshevik coup d'état, proclaimed itself to be the only legally elected and constituted authority in Estonia. However, it was soon driven underground by the Bolsheviks. | Elections for a provisional parliament, ] ({{lang-et|Maapäev}}) were organized, with the ] and ] factions of the ] taking a share of the vote. On 5 November 1917, two days before the ] in ] (Saint Petersburg), local Bolsheviks lead by ] and supported by pro-Soviet Russian soldiers and sailors declared themselves the new government in ] (Reval), and to attempted to usurp political power in the governorate from governor ] on 9 November. On {{OldStyleDate|28 November|1917|15 November}} the ''Maapäev'', refusing to recognize the attempted Bolshevik coup d'état, proclaimed itself to be the only legally elected and constituted authority in Estonia. However, it was soon driven underground by the Bolsheviks. | ||
| Line 53: | Line 53: | ||
| During the reign of the Soviet Estonian Executive Committee, Ants Dauman, the newly elected mayor of Narva, organized a ] with an intention of removing the town of ] (including the then suburb of ]) from the ] and adding them to the new autonomous governorate, receiving permission for the referendum on {{OldStyleDate|29 November|1917|16 November}} from the ]. As 80% of the town's population supported joining Estonia in the {{OldStyleDate|23 December|1917|10 December}} plebiscite, the Soviet Estonian Executive Committee recognized the new additions to the governorate on {{OldStyleDate|3 January|1918|21 December|1917}}. Even though this had happened under the Bolshevik regime, the later Estonian government acknowledged the referendum, and the addition of the entire town of Narva (including the suburb of Ivangorod) to Estonia. | During the reign of the Soviet Estonian Executive Committee, Ants Dauman, the newly elected mayor of Narva, organized a ] with an intention of removing the town of ] (including the then suburb of ]) from the ] and adding them to the new autonomous governorate, receiving permission for the referendum on {{OldStyleDate|29 November|1917|16 November}} from the ]. As 80% of the town's population supported joining Estonia in the {{OldStyleDate|23 December|1917|10 December}} plebiscite, the Soviet Estonian Executive Committee recognized the new additions to the governorate on {{OldStyleDate|3 January|1918|21 December|1917}}. Even though this had happened under the Bolshevik regime, the later Estonian government acknowledged the referendum, and the addition of the entire town of Narva (including the suburb of Ivangorod) to Estonia. | ||
| In February 1918, after the collapse of the peace talks between Soviet Russia and the ], mainland Estonia was ] by the Germans. Bolshevik forces retreated to Russia. On 23 February 1918, one day before German forces entered Tallinn, the ] of the Estonian National Council ''Maapäev'' emerged from underground and issued the ]. |
In February 1918, after the collapse of the peace talks between Soviet Russia and the ], mainland Estonia was ] by the Germans. Bolshevik forces retreated to Russia. On 23 February 1918, one day before German forces entered Tallinn, the ] of the Estonian National Council ''Maapäev'' emerged from underground and on 24 February 1918, issued the ]. It took nearly nine months for Estonia to be liberated from the German occupation (in November 1918). 24 February 1918 is celebrated as Estonia's independence day. | ||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| ==Notes== | |||
| {{notelist}} | |||
| == References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 11:03, 7 December 2022
Autonomous entity of the Russian Republic 1917–1918
| Governorate of EstoniaTemplate:Lang-et | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autonomous entity of the Russian Republic | |||||||||||
| 1917–1918 | |||||||||||
| Capital | Reval (Tallinn) | ||||||||||
| Government | |||||||||||
| • Type | Autonomous governorate | ||||||||||
| Commissar | |||||||||||
| • 1917 | Jaan Poska | ||||||||||
| Legislature | Estonian Provincial Assembly | ||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
| • Local autonomy | 12 April 1917 | ||||||||||
| • Sovereignty declared | 28 November 1917 | ||||||||||
| • Narva (including Ivangorod) added to the governorate | 3 January 1918 | ||||||||||
| • Independence declared | 24 February 1918 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Today part of | Estonia | ||||||||||
The Autonomous Governorate of Estonia of the Russian Empire was established as a result of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and finished when Estonia became a fully independent country in 1918.
History
For most of the time during the rule of Russian Empire 1710–1917, the area of what is now Estonia was divided between two governorates. The Governorate of Estonia in the north corresponded roughly to the area of Danish Estonia, and the northern portion of the Governorate of Livonia, which had a majority of ethnic Estonians. These two areas were amalgamated on 12 April [O.S. 30 March] 1917 by administrative reforms of the Russian Provisional Government.
Elections for a provisional parliament, Estonian Provincial Assembly (Template:Lang-et) were organized, with the Menshevik and Bolshevik factions of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party taking a share of the vote. On 5 November 1917, two days before the Bolshevik coup in Petrograd (Saint Petersburg), local Bolsheviks lead by Jaan Anvelt and supported by pro-Soviet Russian soldiers and sailors declared themselves the new government in Tallinn (Reval), and to attempted to usurp political power in the governorate from governor Jaan Poska on 9 November. On 28 November [O.S. 15 November] 1917 the Maapäev, refusing to recognize the attempted Bolshevik coup d'état, proclaimed itself to be the only legally elected and constituted authority in Estonia. However, it was soon driven underground by the Bolsheviks.
Main article: 1917 Estonian Provincial Assembly election Main article: Estonian Provincial GovernmentDuring the reign of the Soviet Estonian Executive Committee, Ants Dauman, the newly elected mayor of Narva, organized a plebiscite with an intention of removing the town of Narva (including the then suburb of Ivangorod) from the Petrograd Governorate and adding them to the new autonomous governorate, receiving permission for the referendum on 29 November [O.S. 16 November] 1917 from the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. As 80% of the town's population supported joining Estonia in the 23 December [O.S. 10 December] 1917 plebiscite, the Soviet Estonian Executive Committee recognized the new additions to the governorate on 3 January [O.S. 21 December] 1918. Even though this had happened under the Bolshevik regime, the later Estonian government acknowledged the referendum, and the addition of the entire town of Narva (including the suburb of Ivangorod) to Estonia.
In February 1918, after the collapse of the peace talks between Soviet Russia and the German Empire, mainland Estonia was occupied by the Germans. Bolshevik forces retreated to Russia. On 23 February 1918, one day before German forces entered Tallinn, the Salvation Committee of the Estonian National Council Maapäev emerged from underground and on 24 February 1918, issued the Estonian Declaration of Independence. It took nearly nine months for Estonia to be liberated from the German occupation (in November 1918). 24 February 1918 is celebrated as Estonia's independence day.
See also
Notes
References
 | This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Autonomous Governorate of Estonia" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
External links
- Jaan Anwelt
- Tartu rahu sepistaja Jaan Poska väärib monumenti (Estonian)
- On 28 November 1917, the Estonian Diet (the Maapäev) declared itself fee supreme power in Estonia.
- On 28 November 1917, the Land council proclaimed itself the highest power in Estonia...
- On This Day – 28 November 1917
- Though the popularly elected Provisional National Council, had proclaimed itself the highest authority in Estonia as early as 28 November 1917...
Categories: