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| '''Gerhard von Malberg''' was the sixth ] of the ], from |
'''Gerhard von Malberg''' (ca. 1200 – ] ]) was the sixth ] of the ], serving from 1241 to 1244. After being forced to resign, he joined the ]. | ||
| ==Life== | ==Life== | ||
| Von Malberg hailed from what is now ]. His father was Margrave ], who married ] and took her last name and the castle ]. Von Malberg did not plan to join the ]. He was married and had two sons, Thedoric and Otto. | |||
| After the death of his wife, von Malberg traveled to ], where his kinsmen were members of the ]. He joined the ] in ] in 1217 and had become the ] of ] by 1227 at the latest. In 1240 he became the Grand Marshal of the Order in ]. His position in the ] and his ties with the Templars brought von Malberg into conflict with Grand Master ] during the ]. ] ] and von Salza supported the movement of most of the Teutonic Knights to ], while von Malberg wanted the Order to focus on the ]. | |||
| Gerhard von Malberg did not plan to join the ]. He was married and had two sons, Thedoric and Otto. | |||
| He joined the Teutonic Order after the death of his wife and in ] he became the Grand Marshal of the Order in ]. From the start of his career with the Teutonic Order he was tied with the ] and the whole ]. He was chosen as the sixth Grand Master in ]. | |||
| The reason behind his election as the Grand Master was to have closer ties with thew Middle East by the Elders of the Order. Von Malberg also had clear support of the pope ] who in ] claimed ] as papal ]. | |||
| After the death of von Salza's successor ] in 1240, von Malberg was chosen Grand Master in 1241 in order to build closer ties with the Middle East; ] was the president of the electoral chapter.<ref name="Wyatt">{{cite book|last=Wyatt|first=Walter James|title=The History of Prussia: Tracing the Origin and Development of her Military Organization|publisher=Longman, Green and Co.|location=London|year=1876|pages=326}}</ref> Von Malberg had clear support from ], who claimed ] as a papal ] in 1243; Frederick II had also claimed the territory. Despite the papal support, von Malberg was also favored by the emperor.<ref name="Wyatt"/> Frederick II dispatched the new Grand Master, the Archbishop of Bari, and the Magister Roger Porcastrello to pressure the ] to elect Otto of St. Nicholas as pope, but ] was chosen instead.<ref name="Wyatt"/> | |||
| The majority was supporting the emperor while von Malberg was seen as pro-papal. | |||
| The fraction within the Order caused von Malberg to be called off as the Grand Master, he, however, never accepted ]'s decision. | |||
| He forged the Grand Master's stamp and issuing his own documents and what was the worst for the Order, taking big loans under the Grand Master's name. | |||
| Pope Innocent IV, still supporting von Malberg, issued him ], paid off his debt and received a promise and von Malberg and his followers will stop taking new loans and will join the ]. | |||
| However, it is highly unlikely that he lived up to his promise and this caused the pope to issue a new document in which he allowed the Grand Master to charge von Malberg in the case he tried to misuse his privileges. | |||
| This has never happened as Gerhard von Malberg has died a few months later, in either ] or ]. | |||
| In 1243 ] gave an apostolic ring, representing Prussia as a papal fief of the knights, to von Malberg, in return for annual tribute from the Order.<ref name="Wyatt"/> The knights also fought against ] during von Malberg's service. | |||
| ==]== | |||
| As tension grew from the splintering of the Order's forces between Prussia, ], and Outremer, support for von Malberg among the Order fell; the Grand Master traveled to ] in Outremer after Innocent fled to ]. The Teutonic Knights organized a ] in Toron and requested von Malberg's resignation. Although he initially proceeded with this, von Malberg then rejected the demand and appealed to the pope. After a papal investigation revealed the Grand Master's poor leadership, he and some of his followers were allowed to leave the Teutonic Order and join the ].<ref name="Wyatt"/> | |||
| It is believed that only von Malberg and a handful of knights were able to escape with their lives, but some historians seem to disagree with this theory. | |||
| They claim that Grand Master Gerhard von Malberg who probably never set foot in ] in his life and did not lead the crusades in 1242 on Lake Peipus. They claim the crusades were led by Hermann von Buxhoeveden. | |||
| == References == | |||
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Revision as of 04:29, 29 March 2007
Gerhard von Malberg (ca. 1200 – 26 November 1246) was the sixth Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, serving from 1241 to 1244. After being forced to resign, he joined the Knights Templar.
Life
Von Malberg hailed from what is now Rhineland-Palatinate. His father was Margrave Theodoric von Aere, who married Agnes von Malberg and took her last name and the castle Malberg. Von Malberg did not plan to join the priesthood. He was married and had two sons, Thedoric and Otto.
After the death of his wife, von Malberg traveled to Outremer, where his kinsmen were members of the Knights Templar. He joined the Teutonic Knights in Acre in 1217 and had become the Komtur of Toron by 1227 at the latest. In 1240 he became the Grand Marshal of the Order in Acre. His position in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and his ties with the Templars brought von Malberg into conflict with Grand Master Hermann von Salza during the Sixth Crusade. Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and von Salza supported the movement of most of the Teutonic Knights to Prussia, while von Malberg wanted the Order to focus on the Holy Land.
After the death of von Salza's successor Conrad of Thuringia in 1240, von Malberg was chosen Grand Master in 1241 in order to build closer ties with the Middle East; Dietrich von Grüningen was the president of the electoral chapter. Von Malberg had clear support from Pope Innocent IV, who claimed Prussia as a papal fief in 1243; Frederick II had also claimed the territory. Despite the papal support, von Malberg was also favored by the emperor. Frederick II dispatched the new Grand Master, the Archbishop of Bari, and the Magister Roger Porcastrello to pressure the papal conclave to elect Otto of St. Nicholas as pope, but Pope Celestine IV was chosen instead.
In 1243 Pope Innocent IV gave an apostolic ring, representing Prussia as a papal fief of the knights, to von Malberg, in return for annual tribute from the Order. The knights also fought against Świętopełk II of Pomerania during von Malberg's service.
As tension grew from the splintering of the Order's forces between Prussia, Livonia, and Outremer, support for von Malberg among the Order fell; the Grand Master traveled to Montfort in Outremer after Innocent fled to Lyon. The Teutonic Knights organized a general chapter in Toron and requested von Malberg's resignation. Although he initially proceeded with this, von Malberg then rejected the demand and appealed to the pope. After a papal investigation revealed the Grand Master's poor leadership, he and some of his followers were allowed to leave the Teutonic Order and join the Knights Templar.
References
- ^ Wyatt, Walter James (1876). The History of Prussia: Tracing the Origin and Development of her Military Organization. London: Longman, Green and Co. p. 326.