| Revision as of 13:54, 26 December 2022 editLeobadboy (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users7,664 edits →Extent← Previous edit | Revision as of 14:17, 26 December 2022 edit undoLeobadboy (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users7,664 editsNo edit summaryNext edit → | ||
| Line 41: | Line 41: | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''Low Saxon''', also known as '''West Low German''' ({{lang-nds|Nedersassisch, Nedersaksies}}; {{lang-nl|Nedersaksisch}}) are a group of ] dialects spoken in parts of the ], northwestern ] and southern ] (in North Schleswig by parts of the German-speaking minority). It is one of two groups of mutually intelligible dialects, the other being ] dialects. A 2005 study found that there were approximately 1.8 million "daily speakers" of Low Saxon in the Netherlands. 53% spoke Low Saxon or Low Saxon and Dutch at home and 71% could speak it.<ref |
'''Low Saxon''', also known as '''West Low German''' ({{lang-nds|Nedersassisch, Nedersaksies}}; {{lang-nl|Nedersaksisch}}) are a group of ] dialects spoken in parts of the ], northwestern ] and southern ] (in North Schleswig by parts of the German-speaking minority). It is one of two groups of mutually intelligible dialects, the other being ] dialects. A 2005 study found that there were approximately 1.8 million "daily speakers" of Low Saxon in the Netherlands. 53% spoke Low Saxon or Low Saxon and Dutch at home and 71% could speak it.<ref name="Bloemhoff">{{cite book |last1=Bloemhoff |first1=Henk |title=Taaltelling Nedersaksisch - Een enquête naar het gebruik en de beheersing van het Nedersaksisch in Nederland |date=2005 |publisher=Sasland |location=Groningen |language=nl}}</ref> According to another study the percentage of speakers among parents dropped from 34% in 1995 to 15% in 2011. The percentage of speakers among their children dropped from 8% to 2% in the same period.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://images.tresoar.nl/website/NTR12%20dialect1995-2011%20v2.pdf|title=Ontwikkelingen in het gebruik van Fries, streektalen en dialecten in de periode 1995-2011|last=Driessen|first=Geert|date=2012|website=Radboud University Nijmegen|language=nl|access-date=2017-04-29|trans-title=Development of the use of Frisian, regional languages and dialects from 1995 to 2011}}</ref> | ||
| ==Extent== | ==Extent== | ||
| The language area comprises the ] states of ], ] (the ]n part), ], ], ] and ] (the northwestern areas around ]) as well as the northeast of the Netherlands (i.e. ], spoken in ], ], ] and northern ]) and the ] spoken by the ] in the southernmost part of Denmark.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sanders |first1=Willy |title=Sachsensprache, Hansesprache, Plattdeutsch : sprachgeschichtliche Grundzüge des Niederdeutschen |date=1982 |publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht |location=Göttingen |isbn=9783525012130 |language=de}}</ref> | The language area comprises the ] states of ], ] (the ]n part), ], ], ] and ] (the northwestern areas around ]) as well as the northeast of the Netherlands (i.e. ], spoken in ], ], ] and northern ]) and the ] spoken by the ] in the southernmost part of Denmark.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sanders |first1=Willy |title=Sachsensprache, Hansesprache, Plattdeutsch : sprachgeschichtliche Grundzüge des Niederdeutschen |date=1982 |publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht |location=Göttingen |isbn=9783525012130 |language=de |trans-title=Language of the Saxons, the language of the Hanseatic League, Plattdeutsch: basics of the historical linugistics of Low German}}</ref> | ||
| In the south the ] and ] isoglosses form the border with the area, where ] variants of ] are spoken. | In the south the ] and ] isoglosses form the border with the area, where ] variants of ] are spoken. | ||
| Line 55: | Line 55: | ||
| **], spoken in southeastern Lower Saxony (], ], ]) and in the ] region | **], spoken in southeastern Lower Saxony (], ], ]) and in the ] region | ||
| **] | **] | ||
| ***] in ]<ref name="Noble"/> | ***] in ]<ref name="Noble">{{cite book |last1=Noble |first1=Cecil Arthur M. |title=Modern German dialects |date=1983 |publisher=P. Lang |location=New York |isbn=9780820400259 |pages=103-104}}</ref> | ||
| ***Dithmarsisch<ref name="Noble"/> | ***Dithmarsisch<ref name="Noble"/> | ||
| ***Schleswigsch<ref name="Noble" |
***Schleswigsch<ref name="Noble"/> | ||
| ***Holsteinisch<ref name="Noble"/> | ***Holsteinisch<ref name="Noble"/> | ||
| ****] | ****] | ||
| Line 71: | Line 71: | ||
| *West Low German | *West Low German | ||
| **] | **] | ||
| *** ] in southeastern ] | *** ] in southeastern ]<ref name="Bloemhoff"/> | ||
| *** ] | *** ]<ref name="Bloemhoff"/> | ||
| *** ] | *** ]<ref name="Bloemhoff"/> | ||
| *** ] and Tweants-Groafschops in the ] region of ] and the adjacent ] region of ] | *** ] and Tweants-Groafschops in the ] region of ] and the adjacent ] region of ]<ref name="Bloemhoff"/> | ||
| *** ] in the ] region of Gelderland | *** ] in the ] region of Gelderland<ref name="Bloemhoff"/> | ||
| *** ] | *** ] | ||
| **** ] | **** ]<ref name="Bloemhoff"/> | ||
| **** ] in the ] region of western Overijssel | **** ] in the ] region of western Overijssel<ref name="Bloemhoff"/> | ||
| **** ] on the former island of ] in ] | **** ] on the former island of ] in ] | ||
| **] | **] | ||
| *** ], in western ] | *** ], in western ]<ref name="Bloemhoff"/> | ||
| *** ], in Groningen and northern ], by its ] substratum related to ] | *** ], in Groningen and northern ], by its ] substratum related to ] | ||
Revision as of 14:17, 26 December 2022
Group of Low German dialects For other uses, see Low Saxon (disambiguation). | This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Low Saxon" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
| West Low German | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Germany, Netherlands, Southern Denmark |
| Language family | Indo-European
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | nds for Low German |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:nds – (partial)wep – Westphalianfrs – Eastern Frisiangos – Groningsstl – Stellingwerfsdrt – Drentstwd – Twentsact – Achterhoekssdz – Sallandsvel – Veluws |
| Glottolog | west2357 |
 West Low German area in yellow. | |
Low Saxon, also known as West Low German (Template:Lang-nds; Template:Lang-nl) are a group of Low German dialects spoken in parts of the Netherlands, northwestern Germany and southern Denmark (in North Schleswig by parts of the German-speaking minority). It is one of two groups of mutually intelligible dialects, the other being East Low German dialects. A 2005 study found that there were approximately 1.8 million "daily speakers" of Low Saxon in the Netherlands. 53% spoke Low Saxon or Low Saxon and Dutch at home and 71% could speak it. According to another study the percentage of speakers among parents dropped from 34% in 1995 to 15% in 2011. The percentage of speakers among their children dropped from 8% to 2% in the same period.
Extent
The language area comprises the North German states of Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia (the Westphalian part), Bremen, Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein and Saxony-Anhalt (the northwestern areas around Magdeburg) as well as the northeast of the Netherlands (i.e. Dutch Low Saxon, spoken in Groningen, Drenthe, Overijssel and northern Gelderland) and the Schleswigsch dialect spoken by the North Schleswig Germans in the southernmost part of Denmark.
In the south the Benrath line and Uerdingen line isoglosses form the border with the area, where West Central German variants of High German are spoken.
List of dialects
Germany
- West Low German
- Westphalian, including the region around Münster and the Osnabrück region of Lower Saxony
- Eastphalian, spoken in southeastern Lower Saxony (Hanover, Braunschweig, Göttingen) and in the Magdeburg Börde region
- Northern Low Saxon
- East Frisian Low Saxon in East Frisia
- Dithmarsisch
- Schleswigsch
- Holsteinisch
- Nordhannoversch
- Emsländisch
- Oldenburgisch in the Oldenburg region
Netherlands
Main article: Dutch Low SaxonWhile Dutch is a Low Franconian language, the Dutch Low Saxon varieties, which the Dutch government considers to be Dutch dialects, form a dialect continuum with the Westphalian language. They consist of:
- West Low German
- Westphalian
- Stellingwarfs in southeastern Friesland
- Midden-Drents
- Zuud-Drèents
- Tweants and Tweants-Groafschops in the Twente region of Overijssel and the adjacent Achterhoek region of Gelderland
- Veluws in the Veluwe region of Gelderland
- Gelders-Overijssels
- Northern Low Saxon
- Westerkwartiers, in western Groningen
- Gronings, in Groningen and northern Drenthe, by its Frisian substratum related to Friso-Saxon dialects
- Westphalian
Denmark
- West Low German
- Northern Low Saxon
- Schleswigsch dialect spoken in former South Jutland County (the northern part of the former Duchy of Schleswig) around Aabenraa (Apenrade)
- Northern Low Saxon
References
- ^ Bloemhoff, Henk (2005). Taaltelling Nedersaksisch - Een enquête naar het gebruik en de beheersing van het Nedersaksisch in Nederland (in Dutch). Groningen: Sasland.
- Driessen, Geert (2012). "Ontwikkelingen in het gebruik van Fries, streektalen en dialecten in de periode 1995-2011" [Development of the use of Frisian, regional languages and dialects from 1995 to 2011] (PDF). Radboud University Nijmegen (in Dutch). Retrieved 2017-04-29.
- Sanders, Willy (1982). Sachsensprache, Hansesprache, Plattdeutsch : sprachgeschichtliche Grundzüge des Niederdeutschen [Language of the Saxons, the language of the Hanseatic League, Plattdeutsch: basics of the historical linugistics of Low German] (in German). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 9783525012130.
- ^ Noble, Cecil Arthur M. (1983). Modern German dialects. New York: P. Lang. pp. 103–104. ISBN 9780820400259.