Military ranks of the Soviet Union: Difference between revisions

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	{{Soviet military}}		{{Soviet military}}

	The '''military ranks of the Soviet Union''' were those introduced after the ] of ]. ~~From~~ ~~then~~ the ] ] was abolished, as ~~was the right of the ] to acquire personal ranks or special rights assigned to them previously. ] ranks~~ were ~~abolished in ] after~~ the ~~], although~~ ] ~~has been largely adopted from~~ the ] ~~system~~.		The '''military ranks of the ]''' were those introduced after the ] of ]. At that time the ] ] was abolished, as were the privileges of the ] (the pre-Soviet nobility).

			Immediately after the Revolution, personal military ranks were abandoned in favor of a system of ''positional ranks'', which were acronyms of the full position names. For example, ''komdiv'' was an acronym of ''] Commander'', ''kombat'' stood for ''] Commander'', and so forth. These acronyms have survived as informal position names to the present day.

			Personal ranks were reintroduced in ], and ] ranks were restored in ] ]. The ranks were based on those of the Russian Empire, although they underwent some modifications. Modified Imperial-style rank ] were reintroduced in ].

			The Soviet ranks ceased to be used after the ] ], although the ] of the modern ] have been largely adopted from the ] system.

	==Rank Table==		==Rank Table==
⚫	]
⚫	~~Chart~~ shows ~~ranks~~ ~~during~~ ~~the~~ ~~time~~ before the ], circa ]-].
⚫	{\|class="prettytable" cellpadding="5" align="center"
⚫	!width="20%" \|Category
⚫	!width="40%" \|All-forces ranks
	!Deck Ranks

		⚫	]'s uniform]]

		⚫	This table shows the rank structure in use shortly before the ], circa ]–].

		⚫	{\|class="prettytable" cellpadding="6" align="center"
		⚫	!width="20%" \|Category
		⚫	!width="30%" \|Soviet All-forces ranks<br>(Army, Militsiya)
			!Soviet Air Force and other Soviet military branches ranks<br>(Space Troops, Artillery, Tank Forces, Engineer Forces and Signal Forces, Medical Service, Military Judicial Service, other Special and Technical Services)
			!Soviet Navy Ranks (Soviet Deck Ranks)
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan="5" \|<center>'''Supreme Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''General Officers'''<center>		\|rowspan="6" \|<center>'''Supreme Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''General Officers'''<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''~~Ма́ршал~~ ~~Совéтского~~ Сою́за''')		\|colspan="3"\|<center>]<br>('''Генерали́ссимус Сове́тского Сою́за''')<center>
			\|-
			\|<center>]<br>('''Ма́ршал Совéтского Сою́за''')<center>
			----
		⚫	<center>'''-'''<center>
			\|<center>'''-'''<center>
			----
			<center>]<br>('''Гла́вный Ма́ршал Авиа́ции Совéтского Сою́за''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''Гла́вный Ма́ршал ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''Адмира́л Фло́та Совéтского Сою́за''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''Адмира́л Фло́та Совéтского Сою́за''')<center>
			----
			<center>'''-'''<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''~~генера́л~~ а́рмии~~'''), <br>] of an arm<br>('''Гла́вный Ма́ршал рода войск'''), <br>] of an arm<br>('''Ма́ршал рода войск~~''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''Генера́л а́рмии''')<center>
			\|<center>] '''of''' ]'''<br>(''Ма́ршал авиа́ции''')<br><center> ] '''or''' ] '''of branches'''<br>('''Ма́ршал или Генера́л ро́да во́йск''')<center>

	\|<center>]<br> ('''адмира́л фло́та''')<center>		\|<center>]<br> ('''адмира́л фло́та''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''генера́л-полко́вник''')<center>		\|<center>] or<br>]<br>('''генера́л-полко́вник''')<center>
			\|<center>] or<br>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''генера́л-полко́вник авиа́ции''')<br>] or<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''генера́л-полко́вник ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''адмира́л''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''адмира́л''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''генера́л-лейтена́нт''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''генера́л-лейтена́нт''')<center>
			\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''генера́л-лейтена́нт авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''генера́л-лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''ви́це-адмира́л''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''ви́це-адмира́л''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''генера́л-майо́р''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''генера́л-майо́р''')<center>
			\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''генера́л-майо́р авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''генера́л-майо́р ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''ко́нтр-адмира́л''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''ко́нтр-адмира́л''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan="3" \|<center>'''Senior Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Field Grade Officers'''<center>		\|rowspan="3" \|<center>'''Senior Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Field Grade Officers'''<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''полко́вник''')<center>		\|<center>] or ]<br>('''полко́вник''')<center>
			\|<center>] or ] '''of aviation'''<br>('''полко́вник авиа́ции''')<br>] or ] '''of branches'''<br>('''полко́вник ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>], 1st rank<br>('''капита́н 1-го ра́нга''')<center>		\|<center>], 1st rank<br>('''капита́н 1-го ра́нга''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''подполко́вник''')<center>		\|<center>] or<br>]<br>('''подполко́вник''')<center>
			\|<center>] or<br>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''подполко́вник авиа́ции''')<br>] or<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''подполко́вник ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>], 2nd rank<br>('''капита́н 2-го р́анга''')<center>		\|<center>], 2nd rank<br>('''капита́н 2-го р́анга''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''майо́р''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''майо́р''')<center>
			\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''майо́р авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''майо́р ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>], 3rd rank<br>('''капита́н 3-го р́анга''')<center>		\|<center>], 3rd rank<br>('''капита́н 3-го р́анга''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan="4" \|<center>'''Junior Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Company Grade Officers'''<center>		\|rowspan="4" \|<center>'''Junior Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Company Grade Officers'''<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''капита́н''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''капита́н''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''капита́н~~-лейтена́нт~~''')<center>		\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''капита́н авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>(капита́н ро́да во́йск''')<center>
			\|<center>Captain-]<br>('''капита́н-лейтена́нт''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший лейтена́нт''')<center>		\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший лейтена́нт''')<center>
			\|<center>Senior ] '''of aviation'''<br>('''ста́рший лейтена́нт авиа́ции''')<br>Senior ] '''of branches'''<br>('''ста́рший лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''старший лейтенант''')<center>		\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''старший лейтенант''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''лейтена́нт''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''лейтена́нт''')<center>
			\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''лейтена́нт авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''лейтена́нт''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''лейтена́нт''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>Junior ]<br>('''мла́дший лейтена́нт''')<center>		\|<center>Junior ]<br>('''мла́дший лейтена́нт''')<center>
	\|<center>Junior ]<br>('''мла́дший лейтена́нт''')<center>		\|<center>Junior ] '''of aviation'''<br>('''мла́дший лейтена́нт авиа́ции''')<br>Junior ] '''of branches'''<br>('''мла́дший лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center>
			\|<center>Junior ]<br>'''мла́дший лейтена́нт''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan = "2" \|<center>'''Under-Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Master non-commissioned officers'''<center>		\|rowspan = "3" \|<center>'''Under-Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Master non-commissioned officers'''<center>
	\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший пра́порщик''')<center>		\|<center>] or ]<br>('''ста́рший пра́порщик''')<center>
			\|<center>] or<br>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''ста́рший пра́порщик авиа́ции''')<br>] or<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''ста́рший пра́порщик ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший ми́чман''')<center>		\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший ми́чман''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''пра́порщик''')<center>		\|<center>] or ]<br>('''пра́порщик''')<center>
			\|<center>] or ] '''of aviation'''<br>('''пра́порщик авиа́ции''')<br>] or ] '''of branches'''<br>('''пра́порщик ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''ми́чман''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''ми́чман''')<center>
			\|-
			\|<center>] or ] ('''подпра́порщик''')<center>
			\|<center>] or ] '''of aviation'''<br> ('''подпра́порщик авиа́ции''')<br>] or ] '''of branches'''<br>('''подпра́порщик ро́да во́йск''')<center>
		⚫	\|<center>]<br> ('''бо́цман''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan = "4" \|<center>'''Sergeants'''<br> '''and'''<br> '''Petty Officers '''<center>		\|rowspan = "4" \|<center>'''Sergeants'''<br> '''and'''<br> '''Petty Officers '''<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''старшина́''')<center>		\|<center>] or ]<br>('''старшина́''')<center>
	\|<center>~~Chief~~ ~~Ship~~ ]<br>('''~~гла́вный~~ ~~корабе́льный~~ старшина́''')<center>		\|<center>] or ] '''of aviation'''<br>('''старшина́ авиа́ции''')<br>] or ] '''of branches'''<br>('''старшина́ ро́да во́йск''')<center>
		⚫	\|<center>'''Chief Ship''' ]<br>('''гла́вный корабе́льный старшина́''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший сержа́нт''')<center>		\|<center>'''Senior''' ]<br>('''ста́рший сержа́нт''')<center>
			\|<center>'''Senior''' ] '''of aviation'''<br>('''ста́рший сержа́нт авиа́ции''')<br>Senior ] '''of branches'''<br>('''ста́рший сержа́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center>
⚫	\|<center>Chief ]<br>('''гла́вный старшина́''')<center>
			\|<center>'''Chief''' ]<br>('''гла́вный старшина́''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''сержа́нт''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''сержа́нт''')<center>
			\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''сержа́нт авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''сержа́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>], 1st class<br>('''старшина́ 1-й статьи́''')<center>		\|<center>], 1st class<br>('''старшина́ 1-й статьи́''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>Junior ]<br>('''мла́дший сержа́нт''')<center>		\|<center>'''Junior''' ]<br>('''мла́дший сержа́нт''')<center>
			\|<center>'''Junior''' ] '''of aviation'''<br>('''мла́дший сержа́нт авиа́ции''')<br>Junior ] '''of branches'''<br>('''мла́дший сержа́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>], 2nd class<br>('''старшина́ 2-й статьи́''')<center>		\|<center>], 2nd class<br>('''старшина́ 2-й статьи́''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan= "2" \|<center> '''Soldiers,<br> seamen,<br> airmen'''<center>		\|rowspan= "2" \|<center> '''Soldiers,<br> seamen,<br> airmen'''<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''ефре́йтор''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''ефре́йтор''')<center>
			\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''ефре́йтор авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''ефре́йтор ро́да во́йск''')<center>
⚫	\|<center>~~Senior~~ ]<br>('''~~ста́рший матро́с~~''')<center>
			\|<center>Senior ]<br> '''or''' ], ]<br>('''ста́рший матро́с''') '''или''' ('''ста́рший моря́к''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''рядово́й''')<center>		\|<center>] '''or''' ], ]<br>('''рядово́й''') '''или''' ('''солдáт''')<center>
			\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''рядово́й авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''рядово́й ро́да во́йск''')<center>
⚫	\|<center>~~]<br>(~~'''~~матро́с~~''')<center>
			\|<center>] '''or''' ], ]<br>('''матро́с''') '''или''' ('''моря́к''') <center>
	\|}		\|}

			=== Generalissimo of the Soviet Union ===
			This rank was created for ] on ], ], and he was the only person ever to hold it. It is sometimes regarded as an equivalent to the rank of ] or the ]n '']''.

	=== Marshal of an arm===		=== Marshal of an arm===
	The ranks of ''] of an arm'' and ''Marshal of an arm'' were used in five Soviet military branches~~; these being~~ the Air Force, Artillery, Tank Forces, Engineer Forces, and Signal Forces. These ranks were established in ] and were both equivalent to ], although they maintained precedence between each other.		The ranks of ''] of an arm'' and ''Chief Marshal of an arm'' were used in five Soviet military branches (the Air Force, Artillery, Tank Forces, Engineer Forces, and Signal Forces). These ranks were established in ] and were both equivalent to ], although they maintained precedence between each other.

	== Rank insignia ==		== Rank insignia ==

	===Army===		===Army===
	]		]

	===Navy===		===Navy===
	~~<!-- Unsourced image removed:~~ ] ~~-->~~		]

	==See also==		==See also==

	*]		*]
	*]		*]
	*]		*]
	*]		*]


	==External links==		==External links==

Revision as of 18:41, 13 March 2007

Soviet Armed Forces

Components
General Staff Strategic Rocket Forces Red Army Soviet Army Air Defence Forces Air Forces Navy Airborne Forces
Ranks of the Soviet Military
Military ranks of the Soviet Union
History of the Soviet Military
Military history of the Soviet Union History of Russian military ranks
v t e

The military ranks of the Soviet Union were those introduced after the October Revolution of 1917. At that time the Imperial Russian Table of Ranks was abolished, as were the privileges of the dvoryanstvo (the pre-Soviet nobility).

Immediately after the Revolution, personal military ranks were abandoned in favor of a system of positional ranks, which were acronyms of the full position names. For example, komdiv was an acronym of Division Commander, kombat stood for Battalion Commander, and so forth. These acronyms have survived as informal position names to the present day.

Personal ranks were reintroduced in 1935, and General ranks were restored in May 1940. The ranks were based on those of the Russian Empire, although they underwent some modifications. Modified Imperial-style rank insignia were reintroduced in 1943.

The Soviet ranks ceased to be used after the 1991 collapse of the Soviet Union, although the military ranks and insignia of the modern Russian Federation have been largely adopted from the Soviet system.

Rank Table

File:SovietUniform-1-.jpg

A Soviet Lieutenant General's uniform

This table shows the rank structure in use shortly before the collapse of the Soviet Union, circa 1980–1991.

Category	Soviet All-forces ranks (Army, Militsiya)	Soviet Air Force and other Soviet military branches ranks (Space Troops, Artillery, Tank Forces, Engineer Forces and Signal Forces, Medical Service, Military Judicial Service, other Special and Technical Services)	Soviet Navy Ranks (Soviet Deck Ranks)
Supreme Officers or General Officers	Generalissimo of the Soviet Union (Генерали́ссимус Сове́тского Сою́за)
	Marshal of the Soviet Union (Ма́ршал Совéтского Сою́за) -	- Chief Marshal of aviation of the Soviet Union (Гла́вный Ма́ршал Авиа́ции Совéтского Сою́за) Chief Marshal of branches (Гла́вный Ма́ршал ро́да во́йск)	Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union (Адмира́л Фло́та Совéтского Сою́за) -
	General of the Army (Генера́л а́рмии)	Marshal of aviation (Ма́ршал авиа́ции) Marshal or General of branches (Ма́ршал или Генера́л ро́да во́йск)	Admiral of the Fleet (адмира́л фло́та)
	Colonel General or Polkovnik General (генера́л-полко́вник)	Colonel General or Polkovnik General of aviation (генера́л-полко́вник авиа́ции) Colonel General or Polkovnik General of branches (генера́л-полко́вник ро́да во́йск)	Admiral (адмира́л)
	Lieutenant General (генера́л-лейтена́нт)	Lieutenant General of aviation (генера́л-лейтена́нт авиа́ции) Lieutenant General of branches (генера́л-лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск)	Vice Admiral (ви́це-адмира́л)
	Major General (генера́л-майо́р)	Major General of aviation (генера́л-майо́р авиа́ции) Major General of branches (генера́л-майо́р ро́да во́йск)	Counter Admiral (ко́нтр-адмира́л)
Senior Officers or Field Grade Officers	Colonel or Polkovnik (полко́вник)	Colonel or Polkovnik of aviation (полко́вник авиа́ции) Colonel or Polkovnik of branches (полко́вник ро́да во́йск)	Captain, 1st rank (капита́н 1-го ра́нга)
	Lieutenant Colonel or Podpolkovnik (подполко́вник)	Lieutenant Colonel or Podpolkovnik of aviation (подполко́вник авиа́ции) Lieutenant Colonel or Podpolkovnik of branches (подполко́вник ро́да во́йск)	Captain, 2nd rank (капита́н 2-го р́анга)
	Major (майо́р)	Major of aviation (майо́р авиа́ции) Major of branches (майо́р ро́да во́йск)	Captain, 3rd rank (капита́н 3-го р́анга)
Junior Officers or Company Grade Officers	Captain (капита́н)	Captain of aviation (капита́н авиа́ции) Captain of branches (капита́н ро́да во́йск)	Captain-Lieutenant (капита́н-лейтена́нт)
	Senior Lieutenant (ста́рший лейтена́нт)	Senior Lieutenant of aviation (ста́рший лейтена́нт авиа́ции) Senior Lieutenant of branches (ста́рший лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск)	Senior Lieutenant (старший лейтенант)
	Lieutenant (лейтена́нт)	Lieutenant of aviation (лейтена́нт авиа́ции) Lieutenant of branches (лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск)	Lieutenant (лейтена́нт)
	Junior Lieutenant (мла́дший лейтена́нт)	Junior Lieutenant of aviation (мла́дший лейтена́нт авиа́ции) Junior Lieutenant of branches (мла́дший лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск)	Junior Lieutenant мла́дший лейтена́нт)
Under-Officers or Master non-commissioned officers	Senior Warrant Officer or Senior Praporshchik (ста́рший пра́порщик)	Senior Warrant Officer or Senior Praporshchik of aviation (ста́рший пра́порщик авиа́ции) Senior Warrant Officer or Senior Praporshchik of branches (ста́рший пра́порщик ро́да во́йск)	Senior Midshipman (ста́рший ми́чман)
	Warrant Officer or Praporshchik (пра́порщик)	Warrant Officer or Praporshchik of aviation (пра́порщик авиа́ции) Warrant Officer or Praporshchik of branches (пра́порщик ро́да во́йск)	Midshipman (ми́чман)
	Junior Warrant Officer or Podpraporshchik (подпра́порщик)	Junior Warrant Officer or Podpraporshchik of aviation (подпра́порщик авиа́ции) Junior Warrant Officer or Podpraporshchik of branches (подпра́порщик ро́да во́йск)	Bootsmann (бо́цман)
Sergeants and Petty Officers	Sergeant Major or Starshina (старшина́)	Sergeant Major or Starshina of aviation (старшина́ авиа́ции) Sergeant Major or Starshina of branches (старшина́ ро́да во́йск)	Chief Ship Starshina (гла́вный корабе́льный старшина́)
	Senior Sergeant (ста́рший сержа́нт)	Senior Sergeant of aviation (ста́рший сержа́нт авиа́ции) Senior Sergeant of branches (ста́рший сержа́нт ро́да во́йск)	Chief Starshina (гла́вный старшина́)
	Sergeant (сержа́нт)	Sergeant of aviation (сержа́нт авиа́ции) Sergeant of branches (сержа́нт ро́да во́йск)	Starshina, 1st class (старшина́ 1-й статьи́)
	Junior Sergeant (мла́дший сержа́нт)	Junior Sergeant of aviation (мла́дший сержа́нт авиа́ции) Junior Sergeant of branches (мла́дший сержа́нт ро́да во́йск)	Starshina, 2nd class (старшина́ 2-й статьи́)
Soldiers, seamen, airmen	Gefreiter (ефре́йтор)	Gefreiter of aviation (ефре́йтор авиа́ции) Gefreiter of branches (ефре́йтор ро́да во́йск)	Senior Matrose or Seaman, Sailor (ста́рший матро́с) или (ста́рший моря́к)
Soldiers, seamen, airmen	Private or Soldier, Reiter (рядово́й) или (солдáт)	Private of aviation (рядово́й авиа́ции) Private of branches (рядово́й ро́да во́йск)	Matrose or Seaman, Sailor (матро́с) или (моря́к)

Generalissimo of the Soviet Union

This rank was created for Josef Stalin on June 27, 1945, and he was the only person ever to hold it. It is sometimes regarded as an equivalent to the rank of General of the Armies of the United States or the North Korean Dae Wonsu.

Marshal of an arm

The ranks of Marshal of an arm and Chief Marshal of an arm were used in five Soviet military branches (the Air Force, Artillery, Tank Forces, Engineer Forces, and Signal Forces). These ranks were established in 1943 and were both equivalent to General of the Army, although they maintained precedence between each other.

Rank insignia

Army

File:Rank-army-1.gif

Navy

File:Rank-navy-1-.gif

External links

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