Military ranks of the Soviet Union: Difference between revisions

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	{{Soviet military}}		{{Soviet military}}

	The '''military ranks of the ]''' were those introduced after the ] of ]. At ~~that time~~ the ] ] was abolished, as were the ~~privileges~~ of the ] (the ~~pre-~~Soviet ~~nobility)~~.		The '''military ranks of the Soviet Union''' were those introduced after the ] of ]. From then the ] ] was abolished, as was the right of the ] to acquire personal ranks or special rights assigned to them previously. ] ranks were abolished in ] after the ], although ] has been largely adopted from the ] system.

	Immediately after the Revolution, personal military ranks were abandoned in favor of a system of ''positional ranks'', which were acronyms of the full position names. For example, ''komdiv'' was an acronym of ''] Commander'', ''kombat'' stood for ''] Commander'', and so forth. These acronyms have survived as informal position names to the present day.

	Personal ranks were reintroduced in ], and ] ranks were restored in ] ]. The ranks were based on those of the Russian Empire, although they underwent some modifications. Modified Imperial-style rank ] were reintroduced in ].

	The Soviet ranks ceased to be used after the ] ], although the ] of the modern ] have been largely adopted from the ] system.

	==Rank Table==		==Rank Table==
		⚫	]
		⚫	Chart shows ranks during the time before the ], circa ]-].
		⚫	{\|class="prettytable" cellpadding="5" align="center"
		⚫	!width="20%" \|Category
		⚫	!width="40%" \|All-forces ranks
			!Deck Ranks

⚫	]'s ~~uniform~~]]

⚫	~~This table~~ shows ~~the~~ ~~rank~~ ~~structure in use~~ ~~shortly~~ before the ], circa ]–].

⚫	{\|class="prettytable" cellpadding="6" align="center"
⚫	!width="20%" \|Category
⚫	!width="30%" \|~~Soviet~~ All-forces ranks~~<br>(Army, Militsiya)~~
	!Soviet Air Force and other Soviet military branches ranks<br>(Space Troops, Artillery, Tank Forces, Engineer Forces and Signal Forces, Medical Service, Military Judicial Service, other Special and Technical Services)
	!Soviet Navy Ranks (Soviet Deck Ranks)
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan="6" \|<center>'''Supreme Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''General Officers'''<center>		\|rowspan="5" \|<center>'''Supreme Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''General Officers'''<center>
	~~\|colspan="3"~~\|<center>]<br>('''~~Генерали́ссимус~~ ~~Сове́тского~~ Сою́за''')~~<center>~~		\|<center>]<br>('''Ма́ршал Совéтского Сою́за''')
	\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''Ма́ршал Совéтского Сою́за''')<center>
	----
⚫	<center>'''-'''<center>
	\|<center>'''-'''<center>
	----
	<center>]<br>('''Гла́вный Ма́ршал Авиа́ции Совéтского Сою́за''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''Гла́вный Ма́ршал ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''Адмира́л Фло́та Совéтского Сою́за''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''Адмира́л Фло́та Совéтского Сою́за''')<center>
	----
	<center>'''-'''<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''~~Генера́л~~ а́рмии''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''генера́л а́рмии'''), <br>] of an arm<br>('''Гла́вный Ма́ршал рода войск'''), <br>] of an arm<br>('''Ма́ршал рода войск''')<center>

	\|<center>] '''of''' ]'''<br>(''Ма́ршал авиа́ции''')<br><center> ] '''or''' ] '''of branches'''<br>('''Ма́ршал или Генера́л ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br> ('''адмира́л фло́та''')<center>		\|<center>]<br> ('''адмира́л фло́та''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>] or<br>]<br>('''генера́л-полко́вник''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''генера́л-полко́вник''')<center>
	\|<center>] or<br>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''генера́л-полко́вник авиа́ции''')<br>] or<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''генера́л-полко́вник ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''адмира́л''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''адмира́л''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''генера́л-лейтена́нт''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''генера́л-лейтена́нт''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''генера́л-лейтена́нт авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''генера́л-лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''ви́це-адмира́л''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''ви́це-адмира́л''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''генера́л-майо́р''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''генера́л-майо́р''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''генера́л-майо́р авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''генера́л-майо́р ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''ко́нтр-адмира́л''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''ко́нтр-адмира́л''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan="3" \|<center>'''Senior Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Field Grade Officers'''<center>		\|rowspan="3" \|<center>'''Senior Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Field Grade Officers'''<center>
	\|<center>~~] or~~ ]<br>('''полко́вник''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''полко́вник''')<center>
	\|<center>] or ] '''of aviation'''<br>('''полко́вник авиа́ции''')<br>] or ] '''of branches'''<br>('''полко́вник ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>], 1st rank<br>('''капита́н 1-го ра́нга''')<center>		\|<center>], 1st rank<br>('''капита́н 1-го ра́нга''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>] or<br>]<br>('''подполко́вник''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''подполко́вник''')<center>
	\|<center>] or<br>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''подполко́вник авиа́ции''')<br>] or<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''подполко́вник ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>], 2nd rank<br>('''капита́н 2-го р́анга''')<center>		\|<center>], 2nd rank<br>('''капита́н 2-го р́анга''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''майо́р''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''майо́р''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''майо́р авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''майо́р ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>], 3rd rank<br>('''капита́н 3-го р́анга''')<center>		\|<center>], 3rd rank<br>('''капита́н 3-го р́анга''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan="4" \|<center>'''Junior Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Company Grade Officers'''<center>		\|rowspan="4" \|<center>'''Junior Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Company Grade Officers'''<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''капита́н''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''капита́н''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''капита́н авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>(капита́н ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''капита́н-лейтена́нт''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''капита́н-лейтена́нт''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший лейтена́нт''')<center>		\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший лейтена́нт''')<center>
	\|<center>Senior ] '''of aviation'''<br>('''ста́рший лейтена́нт авиа́ции''')<br>Senior ] '''of branches'''<br>('''ста́рший лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''старший лейтенант''')<center>		\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''старший лейтенант''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''лейтена́нт''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''лейтена́нт''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''лейтена́нт авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''лейтена́нт''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''лейтена́нт''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>Junior ]<br>('''мла́дший лейтена́нт''')<center>		\|<center>Junior ]<br>('''мла́дший лейтена́нт''')<center>
	\|<center>Junior ] ~~'''of aviation'''~~<br>('''мла́дший лейтена́нт ~~авиа́ции''')<br>Junior ] '''of branches'''<br>('''мла́дший лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск~~''')<center>		\|<center>Junior ]<br>('''мла́дший лейтена́нт''')<center>
	\|<center>Junior ]<br>'''мла́дший лейтена́нт''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan = "3" \|<center>'''Under-Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Master non-commissioned officers'''<center>		\|rowspan = "2" \|<center>'''Under-Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Master non-commissioned officers'''<center>
	\|<center>~~] or~~ ]<br>('''ста́рший пра́порщик''')<center>		\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший пра́порщик''')<center>
	\|<center>] or<br>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''ста́рший пра́порщик авиа́ции''')<br>] or<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''ста́рший пра́порщик ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший ми́чман''')<center>		\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший ми́чман''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>~~] or~~ ]<br>('''пра́порщик''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''пра́порщик''')<center>
	\|<center>] or ] '''of aviation'''<br>('''пра́порщик авиа́ции''')<br>] or ] '''of branches'''<br>('''пра́порщик ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''ми́чман''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''ми́чман''')<center>
	\|-
	\|<center>] or ] ('''подпра́порщик''')<center>
	\|<center>] or ] '''of aviation'''<br> ('''подпра́порщик авиа́ции''')<br>] or ] '''of branches'''<br>('''подпра́порщик ро́да во́йск''')<center>
⚫	\|<center>]<br> ('''~~бо́цман~~''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan = "4" \|<center>'''Sergeants'''<br> '''and'''<br> '''Petty Officers '''<center>		\|rowspan = "4" \|<center>'''Sergeants'''<br> '''and'''<br> '''Petty Officers '''<center>
	\|<center>~~] or~~ ]<br>('''старшина́''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''старшина́''')<center>
	\|<center>] or ] ~~'''of aviation'''~~<br>('''~~старшина́~~ ~~авиа́ции''')<br>] or ] '''of branches'''<br>('''~~старшина́ ~~ро́да во́йск~~''')<center>		\|<center>Chief Ship ]<br>('''гла́вный корабе́льный старшина́''')<center>
⚫	\|<center>~~'''~~Chief ~~Ship'''~~ ]<br>('''гла́вный ~~корабе́льный~~ старшина́''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>~~'''~~Senior~~'''~~ ]<br>('''ста́рший сержа́нт''')<center>		\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший сержа́нт''')<center>
		⚫	\|<center>Chief ]<br>('''гла́вный старшина́''')<center>
	\|<center>'''Senior''' ] '''of aviation'''<br>('''ста́рший сержа́нт авиа́ции''')<br>Senior ] '''of branches'''<br>('''ста́рший сержа́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>'''Chief''' ]<br>('''гла́вный старшина́''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''сержа́нт''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''сержа́нт''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''сержа́нт авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''сержа́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>], 1st class<br>('''старшина́ 1-й статьи́''')<center>		\|<center>], 1st class<br>('''старшина́ 1-й статьи́''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>~~'''~~Junior~~'''~~ ]<br>('''мла́дший сержа́нт''')<center>		\|<center>Junior ]<br>('''мла́дший сержа́нт''')<center>
	\|<center>'''Junior''' ] '''of aviation'''<br>('''мла́дший сержа́нт авиа́ции''')<br>Junior ] '''of branches'''<br>('''мла́дший сержа́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>], 2nd class<br>('''старшина́ 2-й статьи́''')<center>		\|<center>], 2nd class<br>('''старшина́ 2-й статьи́''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan= "2" \|<center> '''Soldiers,<br> seamen,<br> airmen'''<center>		\|rowspan= "2" \|<center> '''Soldiers,<br> seamen,<br> airmen'''<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''ефре́йтор''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''ефре́йтор''')<center>
		⚫	\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший матро́с''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''ефре́йтор авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''ефре́йтор ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>Senior ]<br> '''or''' ], ]<br>('''ста́рший матро́с''') '''или''' ('''ста́рший моря́к''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>] '''or''' ], ]<br>('''рядово́й~~''') '''или''' ('''солдáт~~''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''рядово́й''')<center>
		⚫	\|<center>]<br>('''матро́с''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''рядово́й авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''рядово́й ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''or''' ], ]<br>('''матро́с''') '''или''' ('''моря́к''') <center>
	\|}		\|}

	=== Generalissimo of the Soviet Union ===
	This rank was created for ] on ], ], and he was the only person ever to hold it. It is sometimes regarded as an equivalent to the rank of ] or the ]n '']''.

	=== Marshal of an arm===		=== Marshal of an arm===
	The ranks of ''] of an arm'' and ''~~Chief~~ Marshal of an arm'' were used in five Soviet military branches (the Air Force, Artillery, Tank Forces, Engineer Forces, and Signal Forces). These ranks were established in ] and were both equivalent to ], although they maintained precedence between each other.		The ranks of ''] of an arm'' and ''Marshal of an arm'' were used in five Soviet military branches; these being the Air Force, Artillery, Tank Forces, Engineer Forces, and Signal Forces. These ranks were established in ] and were both equivalent to ], although they maintained precedence between each other.

	== Rank insignia ==		== Rank insignia ==

	===Army===		===Army===
	]		]

	===Navy===		===Navy===
Line 137:		Line 92:

	==See also==		==See also==

	*]		*]
	*]		*]
	*]		*]
	*]		*]


	==External links==		==External links==

Revision as of 21:55, 14 March 2007

Soviet Armed Forces

Components
General Staff Strategic Rocket Forces Red Army Soviet Army Air Defence Forces Air Forces Navy Airborne Forces
Ranks of the Soviet Military
Military ranks of the Soviet Union
History of the Soviet Military
Military history of the Soviet Union History of Russian military ranks
v t e

The military ranks of the Soviet Union were those introduced after the October Revolution of 1917. From then the Imperial Table of Ranks was abolished, as was the right of the pre Soviet nobility to acquire personal ranks or special rights assigned to them previously. Soviet ranks were abolished in 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union, although modern Russian military insignia has been largely adopted from the Soviet system.

Rank Table

File:SovietUniform-1-.jpg

An example Soviet Lieutenant General's Uniform

Chart shows ranks during the time before the collapse of the Soviet Union, circa 1980-1991.

Category	All-forces ranks	Deck Ranks
Supreme Officers or General Officers	Marshal of the Soviet Union (Ма́ршал Совéтского Сою́за)	Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union (Адмира́л Фло́та Совéтского Сою́за)
	General of the Army (генера́л а́рмии), Chief Marshal of an arm (Гла́вный Ма́ршал рода войск), Marshal of an arm (Ма́ршал рода войск)	Admiral of the Fleet (адмира́л фло́та)
	Colonel General (генера́л-полко́вник)	Admiral (адмира́л)
	Lieutenant General (генера́л-лейтена́нт)	Vice Admiral (ви́це-адмира́л)
	Major General (генера́л-майо́р)	Counter Admiral (ко́нтр-адмира́л)
Senior Officers or Field Grade Officers	Colonel (полко́вник)	Captain, 1st rank (капита́н 1-го ра́нга)
	Lieutenant Colonel (подполко́вник)	Captain, 2nd rank (капита́н 2-го р́анга)
	Major (майо́р)	Captain, 3rd rank (капита́н 3-го р́анга)
Junior Officers or Company Grade Officers	Captain (капита́н)	Captain Lieutenant (капита́н-лейтена́нт)
	Senior Lieutenant (ста́рший лейтена́нт)	Senior Lieutenant (старший лейтенант)
	Lieutenant (лейтена́нт)	Lieutenant (лейтена́нт)
	Junior Lieutenant (мла́дший лейтена́нт)	Junior Lieutenant (мла́дший лейтена́нт)
Under-Officers or Master non-commissioned officers	Senior Praporshchik (ста́рший пра́порщик)	Senior Midshipman (ста́рший ми́чман)
Under-Officers or Master non-commissioned officers	Praporshchik (пра́порщик)	Midshipman (ми́чман)
Sergeants and Petty Officers	Starshina (старшина́)	Chief Ship Starshina (гла́вный корабе́льный старшина́)
	Senior Sergeant (ста́рший сержа́нт)	Chief Starshina (гла́вный старшина́)
	Sergeant (сержа́нт)	Starshina, 1st class (старшина́ 1-й статьи́)
	Junior Sergeant (мла́дший сержа́нт)	Starshina, 2nd class (старшина́ 2-й статьи́)
Soldiers, seamen, airmen	Gefreiter (ефре́йтор)	Senior Seaman (ста́рший матро́с)
Soldiers, seamen, airmen	Private (рядово́й)	Seaman (матро́с)

Marshal of an arm

The ranks of Chief Marshal of an arm and Marshal of an arm were used in five Soviet military branches; these being the Air Force, Artillery, Tank Forces, Engineer Forces, and Signal Forces. These ranks were established in 1943 and were both equivalent to General of the Army, although they maintained precedence between each other.

Rank insignia

Army

File:Rank-army-1-.gif

Navy

File:Rank-navy-1-.gif

External links

Categories: