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| For historic names (before 1936), it may not always be appropriate to transcribe from the modern cyrillic Mongolian version. Such names can be more common in transcription from the classical ], or from other languages (], ], ], ], etc.). In general, historic names will be subject to a case-by-case decision about which original version to transcribe. | For historic names (before 1936), it may not always be appropriate to transcribe from the modern cyrillic Mongolian version. Such names can be more common in transcription from the classical ], or from other languages (], ], ], ], etc.). In general, historic names will be subject to a case-by-case decision about which original version to transcribe. | ||
| == People == | |||
| There are no family names in Mongolia. In conversation, a person is addressed by the given name. Today, the full name consists of the father's name and the given name, in that sequence. The father's name is in genitive form, usually ending in -iin or -yn (eg. Peljid'''iin''' Genden). | |||
| For historic figures (before the 20th century), only the given name is common, for rulers usually with the title Khan. | |||
| There are also "clan names" (eg. Borjigin for Genghis Khan), but those have only symbolic significance and are not used to address or name a person. | |||
| == Modified BGN/PCGN romanization == | == Modified BGN/PCGN romanization == | ||
Revision as of 10:12, 17 March 2007
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This page documents the current usage of Mongolian language names, and romanization of those names in Misplaced Pages. It complements the general guidelines given by Misplaced Pages:Naming conventions and more specifically Misplaced Pages:Naming conventions (Cyrillic), as well as subject specific naming conventions
Discuss proposed changes at Misplaced Pages talk:Naming conventions (Mongolian).
Use conventional names
When something has a conventional name in English, use that name instead of transliterating. The most prominent examples include:
- Khan (= ruler) instead of Khaan
- Genghis Khan instead of Chingis Khaan
- Gobi (Gobi desert) instead of Govi.
- Ulan Bator instead of Ulaanbaatar
- Urga (old name of Ulaanbaatar) instead of Örgöö (depending on historical time and context)
- Any person of Mongolian origin who became famous in a different country under a local spelling.
If a name is a composite where one part has a common english version, then all parts get transliterated anyway to maintain consistency (eg. Dundgovi or Govi-Altai).
Names of Tibetan origin
Some Mongolian names, especially in a religious context, are originally Tibetan. Those may need a case-by-case decision about which original language to use as a basis for romanization.
Historic names
For historic names (before 1936), it may not always be appropriate to transcribe from the modern cyrillic Mongolian version. Such names can be more common in transcription from the classical Mongolian script, or from other languages (Turkic, Tungusic, Persian, Chinese, etc.). In general, historic names will be subject to a case-by-case decision about which original version to transcribe.
People
There are no family names in Mongolia. In conversation, a person is addressed by the given name. Today, the full name consists of the father's name and the given name, in that sequence. The father's name is in genitive form, usually ending in -iin or -yn (eg. Peljidiin Genden).
For historic figures (before the 20th century), only the given name is common, for rulers usually with the title Khan.
There are also "clan names" (eg. Borjigin for Genghis Khan), but those have only symbolic significance and are not used to address or name a person.
Modified BGN/PCGN romanization
The following table describes a method to derive romanization of Mongolian names into the Latin alphabet, suitable for English-speakers.
We use a modification of the BGN/PCGN romanization system for Mongolian. The modifications have been chosen to make it simpler and more intuitive for native english speakers, and to match Misplaced Pages:Romanization_of_Russian as closely as reasonable.
Differences to BGN/PCGN
- Ё (ё) becomes Yo (yo)
- З (з) becomes Z (z)
- Й (й) becomes I (i)
- Х (х) becomes Kh (kh)
- hard sign Ъ (ъ) is omitted
- Ы (ы) becomes Y (y)
- soft sign Ь (ь) becomes I (i), (with (') given as an alternative)
- Ю (ю) becomes Yu (yu)
Differences from Romanization of Russian
- Extra characters Ө (ө) and Ү (ү)
- Е (е) always becomes Ye (ye)
- Й (й) becomes I (i)
- Ж (ж) becomes J (j), following BGN/PCGN
- soft sign Ь (ь) always becomes I (i), (with (') given as an alternative)
Romanization table
| Russian spelling |
English romanization |
Examples |
|---|---|---|
| А (а) | A (a) | Анандын Амар = Anandyn Amar |
| Б (б) | B (b) | Нацагийн Багабанди = Natsagiin Bagabandi |
| В (б) | V (v) | Увс аймаг = Uvs province (aimag) |
| Г (г) | G (g) | Пэлжидийн Гэндэн = Peljidiin Genden |
| Д (д) | D (d) | Дорнод аймаг = Dornod province (aimag) |
| Е (е) | Ye (ye) | Еэвэн = Yeeven |
| Ё (ё) | Yo (yo) | Соёмбо бичиг = Soyombo script (bichig) |
| Ж (ж) | J (j) | Жанлавын Наранцацаралт = Janlavyn Narantsatsralt |
| З (з) | Z (z) | Баянзүрх = Bayanzürkh |
| И (и) | I (i) | Нацагийн Багабанди = Natsagiin Bagabandi |
| Й (й) | I (i ) | Аймаг = Aimag, Хэнтий = Khentii |
| К (к) | K (k) | (only in foreign loan-words) |
| Л (л) | L (l) | Сэлэнгэ = Selenge |
| М (м) | M (m) | Монгол = Mongol |
| Н (н) | N (n) | Наадам = Naadam |
| О (о) | O (o) | Орхон = Orkhon |
| Ө (ө) | Ö (Ö) | Өргөө = Örgöö |
| П (п) | P (p) | Пэлжидийн Гэндэн = Peljidiin Genden |
| Р (р) | R (r) | Ринчиннямын Амаржаргал = Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal |
| С (с) | S (s) | Сэлэнгэ = Selenge |
| Т (т) | T (t) | Ням-осорын туяa = Nyam-Osoryn Tuyaa |
| У (у) | U ( u) | Улаангом = Ulaangom |
| Ү (ү) | Ü (Ü) | Дамдины Сүхбаатар = Damdiny Sükhbaatar |
| Ф (ф) | F (f) | (only in foreign loan-words) |
| Х (х) | Kh (kh) | Халх = Khalkh |
| Ц (ц) | Ts (ts) | Цагаан сар = Tsagaan sar |
| Ч (ч) | Ch (ch) | Чойбалсан = Choibalsan |
| Ш (ш) | Sh (sh) | Мишигийн Сономпил = Mishigiin Sonompil |
| Щ (щ) | Shch (shch) | (only in foreign loan-words) |
| Ъ (ъ) | (omitted) | (only rarely used in Mongolian words) |
| Ы (ы) | Y (y) | Анандын Амар = Anandyn Amar |
| Ь (ь) | I (i) / (') | Дарьганга = Dariganga (also Dar'ganga) |
| Э (э) | E (e) | Цахиагийн Элбэгдорж = Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, Эрдэнэт = Erdenet |
| Ю (ю) | Yu (yu) | Юмжаагийн Цэдэнбал = Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal |
| Я (я) | Ya (ya) | Сүхбаатарын Янжмаа = Sükhbaataryn Yanjmaa |
Remarks:
- The ъ (hard-sign) is rarely used in Mongolian. Sometimes it is incorrectly written as a ь (soft-sign) instead.
- The ь (soft-sign) only appears after consonants at the end of the word (or between two consonants in composite words). It palatalizes the preceding consonant, and is not pronounced itself. For the article name it gets transliterated with an i, the transliteration with an apostrophe should be given as an alternative.
- The ь and ъ only appear as lower case characters in normal Text. The uppercase forms are given here for reference, eg. when comparing all-caps text.
Typography
As generally with Cyrillic, original language text is not writen in italics, but enclosed in the {{lang|mn|...}} or {{lang-mn|...}} templates (the latter includes a Mongolian: prefix).
Examples:
- The Soyombo script (Template:Lang-mn, soyombo bichig)...
- Dariganga (Template:Lang-mn; also: Dar'ganga)...
Syntax:
- The '''Soyombo script''' ({{lang-mn|Соёмбо бичиг}}, ''soyombo bichig'')...
- '''Dariganga''' ({{lang-mn|Дарьганга}}; also: '''Dar'ganga''')...
See also
- Misplaced Pages:Romanization of Russian
- Misplaced Pages:Naming conventions (Cyrillic)
- Misplaced Pages:Naming convention