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| Located in a region , which is said to be marked by the frequently changing boundaries between ] and ], it is said that Warmia passed with much of western Prussia from the rule of the Teutonic Order to Polish sovereignty under the ] in ], while it actually was en exect bishopric. | Located in a region , which is said to be marked by the frequently changing boundaries between ] and ], it is said that Warmia passed with much of western Prussia from the rule of the Teutonic Order to Polish sovereignty under the ] in ], while it actually was en exect bishopric. | ||
| In ], this Prussian land was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia at the time of the first under ], who named the eastern part of Prussia, East Prussia (''Ostpreussen''). East Prussia, now a province of the State of Prussia, in 1871 led the unificating of the German Reich, after the destruction of the ] by ]. Ermland was overrun by Soviet troops and annexed to Poland in 1945. |
In ], this Prussian land was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia at the time of the first under ], who named the eastern part of Prussia, East Prussia (''Ostpreussen''). East Prussia, now a province of the State of Prussia, in 1871 led the unificating of the German Reich, after the destruction of the ] by ]. Ermland was overrun by Soviet troops and annexed to Poland in 1945. | ||
| The end of World War II saw the killing of many Polish settlers (deported from Polish lands overtaken by Soviet Union) at the hands of the ''Wehrwolf'', a German paramilitary organization devoted to fighting and killing Polish civilians. The group was largely supported by original German population, especially the clergy, which resulted in the expulsion of much of the East Prussian population by Polish and Soviet troops. | |||
| After the break-up of the ], a monument memorializing the dead was erected in September 2001. This memorial inscripted in Polish and German language, is located near Olsztyn (''Ger.'' ]). The dedication was attended by Polish army honor guard, the wife of the prime minister of Poland, Jerzy Buzek, church officials and the murdered priests' family members, and former residents, now living in Germany, who had been expelled (] during and shortly after the War. | After the break-up of the ], a monument memorializing the dead was erected in September 2001. This memorial inscripted in Polish and German language, is located near Olsztyn (''Ger.'' ]). The dedication was attended by Polish army honor guard, the wife of the prime minister of Poland, Jerzy Buzek, church officials and the murdered priests' family members, and former residents, now living in Germany, who had been expelled (] during and shortly after the War. | ||
Revision as of 23:51, 13 July 2002
Warmia (Varmia,German, Ermland or Ermeland) is a region between Pomerania and Masuria in todays northern Poland, together with Masuria it forms the Warminsko-Mazurskie region. It was formerly a part of Prussia.
Warmia (Latin name) was one of the four dioceses into which Prussia was divided in (1242) by the papal legate William of Modena. The other dioceses, all four under the archbishop of Riga, were Culmer Land, Pomesania and Samland. Warmia later became an exempt bishopric. One of its most notable bishops was Enea Silvio Piccolomini (long time secretary to emperor Frederick III) and later Pope Pius II. The Piccolomini family held imperial rank.
Warmia's most famous citizens were the family members of Lucas Watzenrode or Watzelrode, who was Prince-Bishop of Warmia and who became legal guardian, raised and educated his nephews Nicolaus and Andreas Copernicus following their father's death.
In 1755 the imperial mapmaker of Elbing,Johann Friedrich Endersch completed work on a beautiful map of Ermland or Warmia. It details all surrounding towns.
Located in a region , which is said to be marked by the frequently changing boundaries between Prussia and Poland, it is said that Warmia passed with much of western Prussia from the rule of the Teutonic Order to Polish sovereignty under the Second Treaty of Thorn in 1466, while it actually was en exect bishopric.
In 1772, this Prussian land was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia at the time of the first under Frederick the Great, who named the eastern part of Prussia, East Prussia (Ostpreussen). East Prussia, now a province of the State of Prussia, in 1871 led the unificating of the German Reich, after the destruction of the Holy Roman Empire by Napoleon. Ermland was overrun by Soviet troops and annexed to Poland in 1945.
The end of World War II saw the killing of many Polish settlers (deported from Polish lands overtaken by Soviet Union) at the hands of the Wehrwolf, a German paramilitary organization devoted to fighting and killing Polish civilians. The group was largely supported by original German population, especially the clergy, which resulted in the expulsion of much of the East Prussian population by Polish and Soviet troops.
After the break-up of the Soviet Union, a monument memorializing the dead was erected in September 2001. This memorial inscripted in Polish and German language, is located near Olsztyn (Ger. Allenstein). The dedication was attended by Polish army honor guard, the wife of the prime minister of Poland, Jerzy Buzek, church officials and the murdered priests' family members, and former residents, now living in Germany, who had been expelled (Heimatvertriebene during and shortly after the War.
External Links
- Memorial website, listing names of the dead: ]
- External link to Endersch's map: ]