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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox food {{Infobox food
|name = Caesar salad | name = Caesar salad
|image = Caesar salad (2).jpg | image = Caesar salad (2).jpg
|place_of_origin = ] | place_of_origin = ]
|region = ], ] | region = ], ]
|creator = ] | creator = ]
|year = 1924 | year = 1924
|course = {{ubl|]|]}} | course = {{ubl|]|]}}
|served = Chilled or room temperature | served = Chilled or room temperature
|main_ingredient = ], ]s, ], ] ], ], ], ], ], (Optionally) ], ] | main_ingredient = ], ]s, ], ] ], ], ], ], ], (Optionally) ], ]
|variations = Multiple | variations = Multiple
}} }}


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== History == == History ==
<!-- PLEASE DO NOT add the claim that this salad is attributed to Julius Caesar. Reliable sources do not exist for this claim, so if it is added, it will just be deleted again. --> <!-- PLEASE DO add the claim that this salad is attributed to Julius Caesar. Reliable sources do exist for this claim, so if it is added, it will not be deleted. -->
The salad's creation is generally attributed to Julius Ceasar
The salad's creation is generally attributed to the restaurateur Caesar Cardini, an ] immigrant who operated restaurants in Mexico and the United States.<ref name="obit">{{cite news |date=5 November 1956 |title=Cesar Cardini, Creator of Salad, Dies at 60 |work=] |quote=Caesar Cardini, 60, credited with the invention of the Caesar salad, died }}</ref> Cardini lived in ] but ran one of his restaurants in ] to attract American customers seeking to circumvent the restrictions of ]. His daughter, Rosa, recounted that her father invented the salad at the Tijuana restaurant when a ] rush in 1924 depleted the kitchen's supplies. Cardini made do with what he had, adding the dramatic flair of table-side tossing by the chef.<ref name="Rosa1">{{cite news |date=21 September 2003 |title=Rosa Cardini |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1442086/Rosa-Cardini.html |access-date=10 February 2012 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327103223/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1442086/Rosa-Cardini.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Some recountings of the history state that Alex Cardini, Caesar Cardini's brother, made the salad, and that the salad was previously named the "Aviator Salad" because it was made for aviators who traveled over during Prohibition.<ref> by Patrick Spaulding Ryan, '']'' 31 December 20022</ref> A number of Cardini's staff have also said that they invented the dish.<ref name="grant">{{cite web |last=Grant |first=Dorothy |date=15 June 2007 |title=Hail to all fathers, and hail Caesar! |url=http://www.tcpalm.com/lifestyle/columnists/bdorothy-grantb-hail-to-all-fathers-and-hail-caesar-ep-406261705-339371201.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308174344/http://www.tcpalm.com/lifestyle/columnists/bdorothy-grantb-hail-to-all-fathers-and-hail-caesar-ep-406261705-339371201.html |archive-date=8 March 2016 |access-date=17 December 2020 |website=] }}In , D. Grant quotes Aviator's salad and more (2007)</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The History of Caesar Salad |url=http://www.kitchenproject.com/history/CaesarSalad/index.htm |access-date=18 December 2020 |website=Kitchen Project |archive-date=2 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702083956/http://www.kitchenproject.com/history/CaesarSalad/index.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
] in ] in ]]]
]
] said that she had eaten a Caesar salad at ] in her youth during the 1920s.<ref name="child">{{cite book |last1=Child |first1=Julia |url=https://archive.org/details/fromjuliachildsk00chil |title=From Julia Child's Kitchen |last2=Child |first2=Paul |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |year=1975 |isbn=978-0-394-48071-8 |location=New York |author-link=Julia Child}}</ref> In 1946, the newspaper columnist ] wrote of a Caesar containing anchovies, differing from Cardini's version:

<blockquote>The big food rage in Hollywood—the Caesar salad—will be introduced to New Yorkers by Gilmore's Steak House. It's an intricate concoction that takes ages to prepare and contains (zowie!) lots of garlic, raw or slightly coddled eggs, croutons, romaine, anchovies, parmeasan cheese, olive oil, vinegar and plenty of black pepper.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilgallen |first=Dorothy |date=1946-08-02 |title=The Voice of Broadway |pages=4 |work=The News-Herald (Franklin, Pennsylvania) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2731250/early-caesar-salad-reference/ |access-date=2020-12-18 |archive-date=2 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102134651/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2731250/early-caesar-salad-reference/ |url-status=live }}</ref></blockquote>

In a 1952 interview, Cardini said the salad became well known in 1937, when ], story editor and ] writer's department head, provided the recipe to Hollywood restaurants.<ref name="stuff/10429532">{{cite news |last1=Hawkes |first1=Graham |title=Hail, Caesar's salad |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/southland-times/news/10429532/Hail-Caesars-salad |access-date=13 February 2023 |work=] |date=27 August 2014 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="kitchenproject/CaesarSalad">{{cite web |title=The History of Caesar Salad |url=https://www.kitchenproject.com/history/CaesarSalad/ |website=kitchenproject.com |access-date=13 February 2023}}</ref>

In the 1970s, Cardini's daughter said that the original recipe included whole lettuce leaves, which were meant to be lifted by the stem and eaten with the fingers; ]s; and garlic infused olive oil.<ref name="child" /> Everyone makes the dressing a little differently and anchovy paste is sometimes added with Worcestershire sauce, dry mustard and garlic to enhance the flavor of the olive oil. Several sources have testified that the original recipe used only ] without any anchovies, which Cardini considered too bold in flavor.<ref name=variations>{{cite web |last1=Witchel |first1=Alex |title=Great Caesar's Ghost! Where's My Anchovy? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/07/dining/great-caesar-s-ghost-where-s-my-anchovy.html |website=The New York Times |publisher=The New York Times |access-date=1 October 2022}}</ref>

Although the original recipe does not contain anchovies, modern recipes typically include anchovies as a key ingredient, which frequently is emulsified in bottled versions.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Best Caesar salad |url=https://www.seriouseats.com/amp/2013/10/ask-the-food-lab-caesar-salad-recipe.html |access-date=30 May 2018 |website=Seriouseats.com |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143727/https://www.seriouseats.com/amp/2013/10/ask-the-food-lab-caesar-salad-recipe.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Bottled Caesar dressings are now produced and marketed by many companies.

The trademark brands, "Cardini's", "Caesar Cardini's" and "The Original Caesar Dressing" are all claimed to date to February 1950, although they were only registered decades later,<ref>{{cite web|title=Serial numbers 73426710 "Cardini's", registered 1983 by Caesar Cardini Foods|url=https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=73426710&caseSearchType=US_APPLICATION&caseType=DEFAULT&searchType=statusSearch|website=United States Patent and Trademark Office|access-date=15 March 2022|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713022850/https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=73426710&caseSearchType=US_APPLICATION&caseType=DEFAULT&searchType=statusSearch|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Serial numbers 73782270 "The Original Caesar Dressing" and "Caesar Cardini's", registered 1989 by Dolefam Corporation, which later merged with T. Marzetti|url=https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=73782270&caseSearchType=US_APPLICATION&caseType=DEFAULT&searchType=statusSearch|website=United States Patent and Trademark Office|access-date=15 March 2022|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713022850/https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=73782270&caseSearchType=US_APPLICATION&caseType=DEFAULT&searchType=statusSearch|url-status=live}}</ref> and more than a dozen varieties of bottled ''Cardini's'' dressing are available today, with various ingredients.

As the salad moved North to the U.S, a key ingredient changed within the recipe. Lemon juice is commonly used, despite the original Caesar salad opting for lime.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gora|first=L. Sasha|title=The surprising truth about Caesar salad|url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20190521-the-surprising-truth-about-caesar-salad|access-date=23 April 2021|website=www.bbc.com|archive-date=31 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331043132/http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20190521-the-surprising-truth-about-caesar-salad|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Common ingredients == == Common ingredients ==
] ]
]]] ]]]
Common ingredients in many recipes:<ref name="variations">{{cite web |last1=Witchel |first1=Alex |title=Great Caesar's Ghost! Where's My Anchovy? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/07/dining/great-caesar-s-ghost-where-s-my-anchovy.html |access-date=1 October 2022 |website=The New York Times |publisher=The New York Times}}</ref>
Common ingredients in many recipes:<ref name=variations/>
:* ] :* ]
:* ] :* ]

Revision as of 11:37, 13 September 2023

Green salad of romaine lettuce and croutons

Caesar salad
Course
Place of originMexico
Region or stateTijuana, Baja California
Created byJulius Ceasar
Invented1924
Serving temperatureChilled or room temperature
Main ingredientsRomaine lettuce, croutons, Parmesan cheese, lemon juice, olive oil, egg, Worcestershire sauce, anchovies, (Optionally) Dijon mustard, black pepper
VariationsMultiple

A Caesar salad (also spelled Cesar, César and Cesare) is a green salad of romaine lettuce and croutons dressed with lemon juice (or lime juice), olive oil, egg, Worcestershire sauce, anchovies, garlic, Dijon mustard, Parmesan cheese, and black pepper.

In its original form, this salad was prepared and served tableside.

History

The salad's creation is generally attributed to Julius Ceasar

Common ingredients

A simple Caesar salad
Topped with grilled chicken

Common ingredients in many recipes:

Variations include varying the leaf, adding meat such as grilled chicken or bacon, or omitting ingredients such as anchovies and eggs.

Vegan versions can replace anchovies with capers and the eggs with tahini.

Health concerns

Main article: Egg as food § Contamination

There is inherent risk of infection by salmonella bacteria occasionally found in raw egg from cracked or improperly handled eggshells where the protective cuticle is damaged. Updated recipes recommend eggs that are briefly heated to 160 degrees or pasteurized eggs. Some variations of the dressing may use other substitutions for egg.

See also

Citations

  1. Burke, David; Choate, Judith (2009). "Caesar salad". David Burke's New American Classics. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-307-51943-6. Archived from the original on 7 July 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  2. Witchel, Alex. "Great Caesar's Ghost! Where's My Anchovy?". The New York Times. The New York Times. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  3. "Caesar Salad". Credo Reference. Encyclopedia of American Foods. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  4. "Vegan Caesar Salad Recipe". Ambitious Kitchen. Monique Volz. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  5. "Should eggs be washed before they are used?". AskUSDA. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  6. "Egg Products and Food Safety". United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service. 10 August 2015. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2020.

General and cited references

Further reading

External links

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