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Javier Milei is an Argentine politician running for president in the 2023 Argentine general election.

Milei primarily identifies as a minarchist, libertarian, or classical liberal, while also aligning theoretically with anarcho-capitalism and paleolibertarianism. He advocates for a minimalistic government focused solely on justice and security. Milei's philosophical underpinnings incorporate principles of life, liberty, and property, as well as tenets of non-aggression, self-ownership, and free-market fundamentals.

In addition to his political philosophy, he believes the state is the enemy of wealth, and believes Keynesian economics is evil. He has a strong opposition to socialism and communism, criticizing them as violent systems that generate misery and hunger, but has noted that the Nordic Model is not socialist, and that the Nordic countries are amongst the most free economies in the world. Milei also takes a critical stance on Argentina's Central Bank and taxation policies, proposing radical changes aimed at economic liberalization, and restructuring of governmental ministries.

Economic views

Javier Milei is an outspoken advocate for economic liberalism and fiscal conservatism, subscribing to the Austrian School of economic thought and taking a critical stance against Keynesian economics. He draws his economic philosophy from a wide array of thinkers and economists, spanning from classical figures like Adam Smith to modern theorists like Murray Rothbard, Friedrich Hayek, Milton Friedman, Gary Becker, and Jesús Huerta de Soto. Milei has expressed particular admiration for the economic policies of former Argentine president Carlos Menem and his economy minister Domingo Cavallo, referring to their administration as the "most economically successful in Argentine history." His views also find resonance with historical Argentine figures such as Juan Bautista Alberdi, and contemporary economists like Alberto Benegas Lynch.

Capitalism, communism and socialism

Milei promotes capitalism, and strongly opposes communism and socialism. In a TEDx presentation that went viral on social media in February 2019, Milei presented what he described as "a love story" about capitalism, arguing how capitalism and the free market have lifted people out of poverty. He then cited what he describes as myths regarding capitalism, rejecting the idea that the Nordic model is socialist, and saying that the Nordic countries are "more pro-market than people think". He labelled the problem of social inequality as a "lying hoax", and said that "social justice is unjust". He concluded that this was a debate about values, where socialism embodies envy, resentment, and coercion, while capitalism or liberalism stands for the unrestricted respect for the life project of fellow individuals.

In an interview in October 2020, Milei said: "I hate communists, shitty left-wingers, because they hate life." He called the left an economic, social and cultural failure that murdered 150 million human beings. He maintained that the socialist model is "the model of poverty, this world is totally crazy." He further stated that there are only two systems, liberalism or communism, as he believes that any intermediate solution is unstable and drift towards communism. In 2021, he signed a letter sponsored by Vox that railed against "the advance of communism" in the Spanish-speaking world, and was endorsed by Eduardo Bolsonaro and José Antonio Kast. In October 2021, he reiterated his anti-leftist views, saying: "I will ally with all those who believe that the left is the enemy."

Size of government and public spending

Milei has proposed a radical restructuring of the Argentine government, advocating for a reduction in the number of ministries from 24 to 8. Notably, he has called for the elimination or merging of major ministries such as the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Social Development, and the Ministry of Health. A video in which Milei physically removes cards with ministry names from a wallboard and tosses them into the air has gone viral. In the video, he declares, "The state is not the solution. It is the problem."

Beyond institutional restructuring, Milei has pledged to address Argentina's economic challenges through significant reductions in government spending and a radical economic shock aimed at tackling issues like inflation. According to his adviser Darío Epstein, Milei aims to balance the budget within three months. Epstein elaborated, stating, "The first thing we have to do is to lower the fiscal deficit by 5 percentage points, which is not at all easy. As Argentina is in a very critical situation, with 40 to 45 per cent poverty, what we can't do is to fire people from the public sector or lower social spending. That is very important."

Milei has been a vocal critic of previous administrations, including those of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, Mauricio Macri, and Alberto Fernández. He cites their excessive government spending and lack of fiscal adjustment as major concerns.

Critique of the central bank and monetary policy

Milei has criticized the Central Bank of Argentina, describing it as "one of the greatest thieves in the history of mankind." He said: "Central banks are divided in four categories: the bad ones, like the Federal Reserve, the very bad ones, like the ones in Latin America, the horribly bad ones, and the Central Bank of Argentina." He advocates for the eventual dismantling of the Central Bank to allow citizens to freely choose their monetary systems. He is also a proponent of a dollarized economy as a measure to counter the country's persistent inflation problems. Commenting on the Convertibility plan of the 1990s, Milei stated: "Convertibility was launched on 1991. By January of 1993, we were the country with the lowest inflation in the world. I propose the free competition of currencies, full reform of the financial system. Thus, the most probable thing is that Argentines choose the dollar."

Taxation

Javier Milei articulates a critical view of the role of the state in economic matters, calling it "the greatest enemy of wealth". He asserts that an enlarged state, funded by taxes, can result in reduced real wages. When financed by debt, Milei argues that this essentially constitutes deferred taxation. Furthermore, he contends that if the state accrues external debt, this could lead to a negative impact on the equilibrium exchange rate, thereby raising the cost of essential goods and exacerbating poverty.

Milei describes Argentina as a tax hell, and emphasizes the role of the state as a hindrance to economic freedom, saying "the state is the problem, not the solution". Within this framework, he aligns himself with liberal traditions that seek to minimize state intervention, invoking concepts such as "Life, liberty, and property" as foundational rights. Milei maintains that current taxation policies serve as obstacles to these rights and envisions liberalism as a means to alleviate what he identifies as state-imposed constraints.

Privatization

Milei supports privatizing state-owned enterprises, including shale driller YPF, and roads, and pledged to scrap soy taxes and ditch electric-vehicle battery bid as part of his deregulation program. He also articulated his intention to either shut down, privatize, or redefine the National Scientific and Technical Research Council.

Social security

He described the addendum to Article 14 of the Argentine Constitution, introduced by Perón, which guarantees labor rights, pensions, and the entire social security system, as the country's cancer; he pledged to repeal it as president.

Social views

On social issues, Milei has been labeled as socially conservative.

Abortion and euthanasia

Milei opposes both abortion and euthanasia, grounding his views in libertarian principles such as the non-aggression principle. He considers abortion to be a violation of property rights and equates it with theft. Milei holds that abortion is morally indefensible, even in cases of rape, and supports it only when the mother's life is endangered. If elected president, he plans to hold a referendum on Argentina's 2020 abortion legalization law and has indicated he would support its repeal. He has stated that his opposition to abortion is based on an 'unrestricted right to life,' arguing that life begins at conception.

LGBT rights and marriage

Milei is indifferent to same-sex marriage; he sees marriage as a contract and is opposed to it as an institution. He has also stated that homosexuality is a "personal choice" and is not a disease, stating that he would respect any type of consensual sex including sex with an elephant. On the topic of transgender rights, Milei has stated that he "does not care" about gender identification "as long as you do not make me pay the bill", and compared it to identifying as a cougar.

Education

Milei supports school choice, and wants to implement an education voucher system to privatize and decentralize education by "giving the budget to parents".

Health

He wants to privatize public health care providers.

Organ transplants

Milei has expressed support for legalizing organ trade, arguing that it could reduce waiting lists for organ transplants. He has suggested that market mechanisms could be implemented to encourage organ donations. Milei has framed the issue as one of personal autonomy, stating, "If women can have control over their bodies, why not everybody else?"

Vaccinations

Milei opposes mandatory vaccination.

Drugs and prostitution

On the subject of drug legalization, Milei supports it within the context of a free society. He has cautioned, "If you want to commit suicide, I don't have any problem. Drugging is committing suicide in rates. If you want to get high, do whatever you want, but don't ask me to pay the bill." Regarding prostitution in Argentina, Milei sees nothing wrong with paying for sex, considering it a "free transaction."

Gun laws

A supporter of law-and-order politics, Milei endorses the unrestricted ownership of firearms, saying that Argentina needs the forces "to have authority again". Gun laws in Argentina are restrictive. According to his party's electoral platform, Milei proposes the "deregulation of the legal market" for weapons and "the protection of its legitimate and responsible use by the citizens".

Immigration

Argentina is one of the few countries whose constitution establishes the promotion of immigration as one of the duties of the state; together with the United States, Argentina was that had more immigrants between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. On immigration issues, Milei's 2023 presidential platform includes restrictions. Milei stated that he would prohibit the entry into the country of migrants with a criminal record and said that he want to expel those who commit crimes.

Foreign relations

Milei's foreign policy proposals have been described as radical.

IMF

Argentina has failed to meet targets on cutting its fiscal deficit and building up foreign reserves under its $44 billion arrangement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which approved a $7.5 billion loan disbursement. In a July 2023 interview with the Financial Times about this, Milei said that if is elected president of Argentina, he would "overshoot all the targets" in the IMF deal, calling the required spending cuts as small compared with what he says the country needs. About the IMF, which provided Argentina with twenty-two bailouts, Milei said that it "doesn't care" about what he described as the country's deep-rooted challenges. He said: "The IMF are just a bunch of bureaucrats who know that a bank's business is to charge interest. If I'm elected it will be to solve Argentina's problems."

Trade unions

He is opposed to trade unions. In August 2023, he dismissed the possible participation of Argentina to BRICS. He wants Argentina to pull out of the Mercosur trade bloc that includes Brazil.

International political figures

Milei considers former Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro and former United States president Donald Trump as allies in his anti-communism agenda and criticism of socialism, and he has been compared to Jair Bolsonaro for sharing an anti-leftist and anti-social justice platform. When asked about Trump and Bolsonaro, he said: "I have a clear agenda, which goes against everything that is socialism or communism. Everyone who is against socialism or communism is on the side I am on. This is my guiding principle, then we can have all the differences you want. In that group we have liberals, libertarians, people from the center, conservatives, from the center-right, but the limit is that no one crosses the limit of social democracy and all expressions further to the left. My alignment with Trump and Bolsonaro is almost natural."

He is supportive of the heavy-handed policy undertaken by Nayib Bukele in El Salvador. While taking a prudent approach, without ruling the model outright, he stated: "In principle, we say that we have to study it and what Nahuel did was go to study it . We are studying it because it was extremely successful."

Madrid Charter

Milei endorses the Madrid Charter, a document drafted by Vox that characterizes left-wing groups, such as the São Paulo Forum and the Puebla Group, as enemies of Ibero-America and accuses them of engaging in "a criminal project under the umbrella of the Cuban regime" that "seeks to destabilize liberal democracies and the state of law". He signed the document alongside other far-right politicians across the region, including Eduardo Bolsonaro from Brazil, Rafael López Aliaga from Peru, and José Antonio Kast from Chile.

United States and Israel

On foreign policy, he stated that the United States and Israel would be his primary allies if elected president. He also expressed his intention to relocate the Argentine embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.

China

In August 2023, he said he would freeze relations with China. Analysts stated that a breakdown of Argentina–China relations could harm the Argentine economy. About China, Milei said: "People are not free in China, they can't do what they want and when they do it, they get killed. Would you trade with an assassin?"

Russian invasion of Ukraine

At the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in early 2022, Milei entered the Palace of the Argentine National Congress with a Ukrainian flag, showing his position towards the conflict.

Overseas ambassador

In August 2023, Milei said that he would consider appointing former president Mauricio Macri as Argentina's overseas ambassador if he wins the October 2023 general election.

Falklands War

As a proponent of non-interventionism in foreign politics, Milei criticized the Falklands War. About this, he said that a government led by him would advocate for dialogue; at the same time, he admitted that this task "is complicated". He added: "If you want to become part of Argentina one day again, it will involve a very, very long negotiation and where Argentina will have to be able to propose something interesting ... You will have to sit down and talk to the United Kingdom and discuss this situation with those who live on the islands."

References

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• Javier Milei
• Political positions of politicians
• Politics of Argentina
• Anarcho-capitalists
• Argentine anti-communists
• Argentine economists
• Argentine libertarians
• Critics of multiculturalism
• Leaders of political parties in Argentina
• Libertarian economists
• Members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies elected in Buenos Aires
• Minarchists
• Politicians from Buenos Aires
• Right-wing populism in South America