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| ] dedicated to killed Jewish and Serb civilians in 1942 raid.]] | ] dedicated to killed Jewish and Serb civilians in 1942 raid.]] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
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| ==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
| During the four years of occupation, the Axis forces committed numerous war crimes against civilian population: about 50,000 people in Vojvodina were murdered and about 280,000 were arrested, violated or tortured.<ref>Enciklopedija Novog Sada, Sveska 5, Novi Sad, 1996. |
During the four years of occupation, the Axis forces committed numerous war crimes against civilian population: about 50,000 people in Vojvodina were murdered and about 280,000 were arrested, violated or tortured. <ref>Enciklopedija Novog Sada, Sveska 5, Novi Sad, 1996. (page 196)</ref> The victims belonged to all ethnic groups that lived in Vojvodina, but the largest number of the victims was of ], ], and ] ethnicity. | ||
| The total number of the people killed by the occupants between 1941 and 1944 in the entire Vojvodina was 55,285, including:<ref name=" |
The total number of the people killed by the occupants between 1941 and 1944 in the entire Vojvodina was 55,285, including:<ref name="Ćurčić">Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996. (page 43)</ref> | ||
| *18,193 people who were killed directly | *18,193 people who were killed directly | ||
| *19,004 people who were sent to concentration camps and killed there | *19,004 people who were sent to concentration camps and killed there | ||
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| ==Victims in Bačka== | ==Victims in Bačka== | ||
| The total number of the killed people in Bačka was 19,573, including:<ref name=" |
The total number of the killed people in Bačka was 19,573, including:<ref name="Ćurčić" /> | ||
| *6,177 people who were killed directly | *6,177 people who were killed directly | ||
| *8,027 people who were sent to concentration camps and killed there | *8,027 people who were sent to concentration camps and killed there | ||
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| ==Victims in Banat== | ==Victims in Banat== | ||
| The total number of the killed people in Banat was 7,513, including:<ref name=" |
The total number of the killed people in Banat was 7,513, including:<ref name="Ćurčić" /> | ||
| *2,211 people who were killed directly | *2,211 people who were killed directly | ||
| *1,294 people who were sent to concentration camps and killed there | *1,294 people who were sent to concentration camps and killed there | ||
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| ==Victims in Syrmia== | ==Victims in Syrmia== | ||
| The total number of the killed people in Syrmia was 28,199, including:<ref name=" |
The total number of the killed people in Syrmia was 28,199, including:<ref name="Ćurčić" /> | ||
| *9,805 people who were killed directly | *9,805 people who were killed directly | ||
| *9,683 people who were sent to concentration camps and killed there | *9,683 people who were sent to concentration camps and killed there | ||
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| ==1942 raid== | ==1942 raid== | ||
| The most notable war crime was the mass murder of the civilians, mostly of ] and ] ethnicity, performed by |
The most notable war crime was the mass murder of the civilians, mostly of ] and ] ethnicity, performed by the Hungarian Axis troops in 1942 raid in southern Bačka. Total number of civilians killed in the raid was 3,808, while places that were affected by the raid include ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. <ref>Zvonimir Golubović, Racija u Južnoj Bačkoj, 1942. godine, Novi Sad, 1991. (pages 146, 147)</ref> | ||
| The victims included 2,578 ethnic Serbs, 1,068 Jews, 64 Roma, 31 Rusyns, 21 Hungarians, and 15 Russians. | The victims included 2,578 ethnic Serbs, 1,068 Jews, 64 Roma, 31 Rusyns, 21 Hungarians, and 15 Russians. | ||
| Some Hungarian sources claimed that raid was organized by some disloyal Hungarian officers (lieutenant-general ], major-general ], colonel ] and gendarmarie-captain ]), <ref name="Ilona">]: ''Becsület és kötelesség'', part I p.236 (Európa press, Budapest, 2001.) ISBN 963-07-6544-6</ref> <ref name="Horthy"> p. 235-236 ISBN 0966573439 (PDF)</ref> but it was proved that raid was well planed and organized by the highest military and political leaders of Hungary, including ] (the chief of Hungarian army), ] (the minister of defence), ] (the minister of police), Dr. ] (president of Hungarian government), and regent ] himself. <ref>Zvonimir Golubović, Racija u Južnoj Bačkoj, 1942. godine, Novi Sad, 1991. (page 194)</ref> | |||
| The responsible officers were arrested, tried and sentenced to death or prison in the same year, but the death sentences could not be carried out as the culprits were abducted by the Germans and taken out from the country.<ref name="Ilona" /><ref name="Horthy" /> They were tried again after the war, in ] by the Yugoslavs, sentenced to death again, and executed. | |||
| In 1943, the Hungarian leaders attempted to revive relations with western Allies, thus as part of such aims, Hungary organized a trial to several officers that were among those responsible for the raid. <ref name="Ilona" /> <ref name="Horthy" /> However, the officers were allowed to escape to Germany before their sentences were uttered, and no matter that court proved their guilt, their sentences were not uttered since they were not in the country. <ref>Zvonimir Golubović, Racija u Južnoj Bačkoj, 1942. godine, Novi Sad, 1991. (page 187)</ref> After the war, some of those responsible for the raid were tried again by the new communist government of Hungary (which sentenced them to death or to life in prison) and again in Yugoslavia, where they were sentenced to death again, and executed. László Deák and Miklos Horthy, who were also among those responsible for the raid, were never convicted. | |||
| ==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
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Revision as of 12:35, 29 March 2007
The Occupation of Vojvodina (a region in modern Serbia) from 1941 to 1944 was carried out by Nazi Germany, Horthy's Hungary and Independent State of Croatia. During World War II, in 1941, Nazi Germany invaded and occupied Yugoslavia. The Vojvodina region was divided into three occupation zones: Banat was placed under direct German control, Bačka was attached to Horthy's Hungary and Syrmia was attached to the Independent State of Croatia. The occupation lasted until 1944, when the region came under control of the Soviet Red Army and Yugoslav partisans.
Overview
During the four years of occupation, the Axis forces committed numerous war crimes against civilian population: about 50,000 people in Vojvodina were murdered and about 280,000 were arrested, violated or tortured. The victims belonged to all ethnic groups that lived in Vojvodina, but the largest number of the victims was of Serb, Jewish, and Roma ethnicity.
The total number of the people killed by the occupants between 1941 and 1944 in the entire Vojvodina was 55,285, including:
- 18,193 people who were killed directly
- 19,004 people who were sent to concentration camps and killed there
- 4,168 people who were sent to forced labour and killed there
- 3,286 people who were mobilized and later killed
- 10,634 killed members of the resistance movement
Victims in Bačka
The total number of the killed people in Bačka was 19,573, including:
- 6,177 people who were killed directly
- 8,027 people who were sent to concentration camps and killed there
- 2,179 people who were sent to forced labour and killed there
- 1,516 people who were mobilized and later killed
- 1,674 killed members of the resistance movement
Of the total number of the victims (excluding the killed members of the resistance movement), 11,521 were men, 3,768 were women, 1,283 were old people, and 1,327 were children.
Victims in Banat
The total number of the killed people in Banat was 7,513, including:
- 2,211 people who were killed directly
- 1,294 people who were sent to concentration camps and killed there
- 1,498 people who were sent to forced labour and killed there
- 152 people who were mobilized and later killed
- 2,358 killed members of the resistance movement
Of the total number of the victims (excluding the killed members of the resistance movement), 4,010 were men, 631 were women, 243 were old people, and 271 were children.
Victims in Syrmia
The total number of the killed people in Syrmia was 28,199, including:
- 9,805 people who were killed directly
- 9,683 people who were sent to concentration camps and killed there
- 491 people who were sent to forced labour and killed there
- 1,618 people who were mobilized and later killed
- 6,602 killed members of the resistance movement
Of the total number of the victims (excluding the killed members of the resistance movement), 14,484 were men, 3,662 were women, 1,279 were old people, and 2,172 were children.
1942 raid
The most notable war crime was the mass murder of the civilians, mostly of Serb and Jewish ethnicity, performed by the Hungarian Axis troops in 1942 raid in southern Bačka. Total number of civilians killed in the raid was 3,808, while places that were affected by the raid include Novi Sad, Bečej, Vilovo, Gardinovci, Gospođinci, Đurđevo, Žabalj, Lok, Mošorin, Srbobran, Temerin, Titel, Čurug, and Šajkaš.
The victims included 2,578 ethnic Serbs, 1,068 Jews, 64 Roma, 31 Rusyns, 21 Hungarians, and 15 Russians.
Some Hungarian sources claimed that raid was organized by some disloyal Hungarian officers (lieutenant-general Ferenc Feketehalmy-Czeidner, major-general József Grassy, colonel László Deák and gendarmarie-captain Márton Zöldi), but it was proved that raid was well planed and organized by the highest military and political leaders of Hungary, including Ferenc Sombathelji (the chief of Hungarian army), Karolj Barta (the minister of defence), Ferenc Keresteš-Fišer (the minister of police), Dr. Laslo Bardoši (president of Hungarian government), and regent Miklos Horthy himself.
In 1943, the Hungarian leaders attempted to revive relations with western Allies, thus as part of such aims, Hungary organized a trial to several officers that were among those responsible for the raid. However, the officers were allowed to escape to Germany before their sentences were uttered, and no matter that court proved their guilt, their sentences were not uttered since they were not in the country. After the war, some of those responsible for the raid were tried again by the new communist government of Hungary (which sentenced them to death or to life in prison) and again in Yugoslavia, where they were sentenced to death again, and executed. László Deák and Miklos Horthy, who were also among those responsible for the raid, were never convicted.
Notes
- Enciklopedija Novog Sada, Sveska 5, Novi Sad, 1996. (page 196)
- ^ Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996. (page 43)
- Zvonimir Golubović, Racija u Južnoj Bačkoj, 1942. godine, Novi Sad, 1991. (pages 146, 147)
- ^ Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai: Becsület és kötelesség, part I p.236 (Európa press, Budapest, 2001.) ISBN 963-07-6544-6
- ^ Miklós Horthy: Memoirs p. 235-236 ISBN 0966573439 (PDF)
- Zvonimir Golubović, Racija u Južnoj Bačkoj, 1942. godine, Novi Sad, 1991. (page 194)
- Zvonimir Golubović, Racija u Južnoj Bačkoj, 1942. godine, Novi Sad, 1991. (page 187)
See also
- Greater Hungary
- Greater Croatia
- Independent State of Croatia
- Banat, 1941-1944
- 1944-1945 Killings in Bačka
External links
- Carl Savich: Genocide in Vojvodina and Greater Hungary, 1941-1944.
- Hungarian Is Faced With Evidence of Role in ’42 Atrocity
- Chronology of the development of fascism and the anti-fascist struggle of the peoples of Yugoslavia 1941-1945
- Krv je tekla Novim Sadom (in Serbian)