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| name = Lianxing Temple | name = Lianxing Temple
| native_name = 莲性寺 | native_name = 莲性寺
| native_name_lang = zh | native_name_lang = zh
| image =White Pagoda, Slender West Lake 2017.jpg | image =White Pagoda, Slender West Lake 2017.jpg
| image_size = 250px | image_size = 250px
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| map_caption = | map_caption =
| location = ], ] | location = ], ]
| coordinates = {{coord|32.40885|N|119.41615|E|format=dms|display=title,inline|region:CN}} | coordinates = {{Wikidatacoord|Q124415416|region:CN|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = ] | religious_affiliation = ]
| deity = | deity =
| country = ] | country = China
| functional_status = | functional_status =
| website =
| founded_by = | founded_by =
| year_completed = | year_completed =
| website =
}} }}
{{chinese {{chinese
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"Lianxing Temple" is a partial ] of the temple's ] name, written {{nowrap|{{lang|zh|{{linktext|蓮|性|寺}}}}}} in ] and {{nowrap|{{lang|zh|{{linktext|莲|性|寺}}}}}} in ]. ''Liánxìng'' is the ] ] of the first two characters. In full translation, it is also known as the "Temple of the Lotus Mind" or "Lotus Spirit Temple".{{sfnp|Gu|2018|p=220s}} It was originally known as the Fahai Temple {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|{{linktext|法|海|寺}}}},}} ''Fǎhǎi Sì'') or the "Temple of the Sea of ]".<ref name=odannyboy/> "Lianxing Temple" is a partial ] of the temple's ] name, written {{nowrap|{{lang|zh|{{linktext|蓮|性|寺}}}}}} in ] and {{nowrap|{{lang|zh|{{linktext|莲|性|寺}}}}}} in ]. ''Liánxìng'' is the ] ] of the first two characters. In full translation, it is also known as the "Temple of the Lotus Mind" or "Lotus Spirit Temple".{{sfnp|Gu|2018|p=220s}} It was originally known as the Fahai Temple {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|{{linktext|法|海|寺}}}},}} ''Fǎhǎi Sì'') or the "Temple of the Sea of ]".<ref name=odannyboy/>


Its dagoba is known as the '''White Dagoba''',{{sfnp|Morris|1983|p=122}}{{sfnp|Luo|1994|p=240}}<ref>{{citation |last=Xie |first=Tony |contribution-url=http://www.ccnpic.com/English/tourism_article.html?id=195 |contribution=White Dagoba Temple of Beijing |url=http://www.ccnpic.com |title=CCN Pic |publisher=CCN Media Image |location=Beijing }}.</ref> '''Stupa''',<ref name=odannyboy/> or '''Pagoda''',{{sfnp|Olivová|2009|p=}} a calque of its Chinese name {{nowrap|{{lang|zh|{{linktext|蓮|性|寺|白塔}}}}}} or {{nowrap|{{lang|zh|{{linktext|莲|性|寺|白塔}}}}}}, ''Liánxìngsì Báitǎ''. Its dagoba is known as the '''White Dagoba''',{{sfnp|Morris|1983|p=122}}{{sfnp|Luo|1994|p=240}}<ref>{{citation |last=Xie |first=Tony |contribution-url=http://www.ccnpic.com/English/tourism_article.html?id=195 |contribution=White Dagoba Temple of Beijing |url=http://www.ccnpic.com |title=CCN Pic |publisher=CCN Media Image |location=Beijing}}.</ref> '''Stupa''',<ref name=odannyboy/> or '''Pagoda''',{{sfnp|Olivová|2009|p=}} a calque of its Chinese name {{nowrap|{{lang|zh|{{linktext|蓮|性|寺|白塔}}}}}} or {{nowrap|{{lang|zh|{{linktext|莲|性|寺|白塔}}}}}}, ''Liánxìngsì Báitǎ''.


==History== ==History==
The Fahai Temple was first established in the 13th or 14th century under the ] ].<ref name=odannyboy>{{citation |last=Danielson |first=Eric N. |date=26 January 2012 |contribution-url=http://yangziman.over-blog.com/2015/07/yangzhou-still-a-former-rival-to-suzhou.html |contribution=Yangzhou Historic Sites Index |publisher= |location= |url=http://yangziman.over-blog.com |title=The Long River }}.</ref> It was renamed the Lianxing Temple in the 17th or 18th century under the ] of the ].<ref name=odannyboy/> ]s of Yangzhou during the 18th century make it clear that the temple complex's main entrance shifted from its east side, where it was more convenient for the city's foot traffic, to the west, where the island's main wharf was located, showing the increased use of boats on the ] after it was thoroughly dredged for the ]'s repeated visits.{{sfnp|Wen|2023}} The Fahai Temple was first established in the 13th or 14th century under the ] ].<ref name=odannyboy>{{citation |last=Danielson |first=Eric N. |date=26 January 2012 |contribution-url=http://yangziman.over-blog.com/2015/07/yangzhou-still-a-former-rival-to-suzhou.html |contribution=Yangzhou Historic Sites Index |publisher= |location= |url=http://yangziman.over-blog.com |title=The Long River}}.</ref> It was renamed the Lianxing Temple in the 17th or 18th century under the ] of the ].<ref name=odannyboy/> ]s of Yangzhou during the 18th century make it clear that the temple complex's main entrance shifted from its east side, where it was more convenient for the city's foot traffic, to the west, where the island's main wharf was located, showing the increased use of boats on the ] after it was thoroughly dredged for the ]'s repeated visits.{{sfnp|Wen|2023}}


The temple's dagoba self-consciously mirrored the ] in ], combining with the later ] to emulate the capital's ].{{sfnp|Olivová|2009|p=}} As the "White Tower against Oncoming Clouds" {{nowrap|(<small>]</small> {{lang|zh|{{linktext|白|塔|晴|雲}}}},}} {{nowrap|<small>]</small> {{lang|zh|{{linktext|白|塔|晴|云}}}},}} ''Báitǎ Qíngyún'') it was reckoned as one of the 24 Views of Yangzhou under the Qing. Details of the construction of the tower have not survived,{{sfnp|Olivová|2009|p=}} but numerous legends have arisen to fill the void. Most commonly, one of the town's rich ] is said to have erected one in ] overnight to please the ] during his second tour of ] in 1757 and others later replaced it with one in brick and plaster.{{sfnp|Morris|1983|p=122}} In another, a group of merchants did so on the advice of one of the emperor's ], only to be extorted by the jealous eunuch into building a permanent structure.{{sfnp|Olivová|2009|p=}} In a third, the merchant ] {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|{{linktext|江|春}}}},}} ''Jiāng Chūn'') voluntarily paid one or more of the emperor's attendants to get a sketch of the Beijing dagoba, enabling his workers to erect a full replica overnight.{{sfnp|Olivová|2009|p=}}{{sfnp|Finnane|1993|pp= & }} Most fancifully, historians of the 1920s combined local legends with passages from ]'s '']'' to claim the "wine bottle" pagoda was a thousand years old and had been erected by the ] ].{{sfnp|Snow & al.|1929|p=}} In fact, the dagoba existed at least as far back as the Kangxi Emperor,<ref name=wp/> though probably little earlier. It was rebuilt under the Qianlong Emperor, but in 1784 for his 6th and final southern tour.<ref name=wp/><ref name=odannyboy/> The temple's dagoba self-consciously mirrored the ] in ], combining with the later ] to emulate the capital's ].{{sfnp|Olivová|2009|p=}} As the "White Tower against Oncoming Clouds" {{nowrap|(<small>]</small> {{lang|zh|{{linktext|白|塔|晴|雲}}}},}} {{nowrap|<small>]</small> {{lang|zh|{{linktext|白|塔|晴|云}}}},}} ''Báitǎ Qíngyún'') it was reckoned as one of the 24 Views of Yangzhou under the Qing. Details of the construction of the tower have not survived,{{sfnp|Olivová|2009|p=}} but numerous legends have arisen to fill the void. Most commonly, one of the town's rich ] is said to have erected one in ] overnight to please the ] during his second tour of ] in 1757 and others later replaced it with one in brick and plaster.{{sfnp|Morris|1983|p=122}} In another, a group of merchants did so on the advice of one of the emperor's ], only to be extorted by the jealous eunuch into building a permanent structure.{{sfnp|Olivová|2009|p=}} In a third, the merchant ] {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|{{linktext|江|春}}}},}} ''Jiāng Chūn'') voluntarily paid one or more of the emperor's attendants to get a sketch of the Beijing dagoba, enabling his workers to erect a full replica overnight.{{sfnp|Olivová|2009|p=}}{{sfnp|Finnane|1993|pp= & }} Most fancifully, historians of the 1920s combined local legends with passages from ]'s '']'' to claim the "wine bottle" pagoda was a thousand years old and had been erected by the ] ].{{sfnp|Snow & al.|1929|p=}} In fact, the dagoba existed at least as far back as the Kangxi Emperor,<ref name=wp/> though probably little earlier. It was rebuilt under the Qianlong Emperor, but in 1784 for his 6th and final southern tour.<ref name=wp/><ref name=odannyboy/>
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==Structure== ==Structure==
The White Dagoba is {{convert|28.5|m|sp=us}} tall.<ref name=wp>{{citation |last= |first= |contribution=White Pagoda |contribution-url=http://ly.shouxihu.net/en/page/jd014/ |title=''Official site'' |url=http://ly.shouxihu.net |date=2023 |publisher=Slender West Lake Scenic Spot |location=Yangzhou }}.</ref> The White Dagoba is {{convert|28.5|m|sp=us}} tall.<ref name=wp>{{citation |last= |first= |contribution=White Pagoda |contribution-url=http://ly.shouxihu.net/en/page/jd014/ |title=''Official site'' |url=http://ly.shouxihu.net |date=2023 |publisher=Slender West Lake Scenic Spot |location=Yangzhou}}.</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
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===Bibliography=== ===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}} {{refbegin}}
* {{citation |last= |first= |date=25 May 2006 |contribution-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921110429/http://www.sach.gov.cn/col/col1618/index.html |contribution=国务院关于核定并公布第六批全国 重点文物保护单位的通知 (6th Batch) |location=Beijing |publisher=State Council of the People's Republic of China |language=zh |url=http://www.sach.gov.cn |title=''Official site'' |ref={{harvid|State Council|2006}} }}. * {{citation |last= |first= |date=25 May 2006 |contribution-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921110429/http://www.sach.gov.cn/col/col1618/index.html |contribution=国务院关于核定并公布第六批全国 重点文物保护单位的通知 (6th Batch) |location=Beijing |publisher=State Council of the People's Republic of China |language=zh |url=http://www.sach.gov.cn |title=''Official site'' |ref={{harvid|State Council|2006}}}}.
* {{citation |editor=Linda Cooke Johnson |display-editors=0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B06pShpLA_wC |title=Cities of Jiangnan in Late Imperial China |publisher=State University of New York Press |location=] |date=1993 |series=SUNY Series in Local Chinese Studies |last=Finnane |first=Antonia |contribution=Yangzhou: A Central Place in the Qing Empire |pages= |isbn=978-1-4384-0798-2 |author-link=Antonia Finnane |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B06pShpLA_wC&pg=PA117 }}. * {{citation |editor=Linda Cooke Johnson |display-editors=0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B06pShpLA_wC |title=Cities of Jiangnan in Late Imperial China |publisher=State University of New York Press |location=] |date=1993 |series=SUNY Series in Local Chinese Studies |last=Finnane |first=Antonia |contribution=Yangzhou: A Central Place in the Qing Empire |pages= |isbn=978-1-4384-0798-2 |author-link=Antonia Finnane |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B06pShpLA_wC&pg=PA117}}.
* {{citation |last=Gu |first=Liyuan |author-mask=Gu Liyuan |url=https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20574/1/History%20and%20Conservation%20of%20Rockwork%20in%20Gardens%20of%20Imperial%20China.pdf |title=History and Conservation of Rockwork in Gardens of Imperial China |publisher=University of Sheffield |location=Sheffield |date=January 2018 }}. * {{citation |last=Gu |first=Liyuan |author-mask=Gu Liyuan |url=https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20574/1/History%20and%20Conservation%20of%20Rockwork%20in%20Gardens%20of%20Imperial%20China.pdf |title=History and Conservation of Rockwork in Gardens of Imperial China |publisher=University of Sheffield |location=Sheffield |date=January 2018}}.
* {{citation |last=Luo |first=Zhewen |author-mask=Luo Zhewen |title=Ancient Pagodas in China |publisher=Foreign Language Press |location=Beijing |date=1994 |isbn=7-119-01702-0 }}. * {{citation |last=Luo |first=Zhewen |author-mask=Luo Zhewen |title=Ancient Pagodas in China |publisher=Foreign Language Press |location=Beijing |date=1994 |isbn=7-119-01702-0}}.
* {{citation |last=Morris |first=Edwin T. |title=The Gardens of China: History, Art, and Meanings |publisher=Scribner |location=New York |date=1983 }}. * {{citation |last=Morris |first=Edwin T. |title=The Gardens of China: History, Art, and Meanings |publisher=Scribner |location=New York |date=1983}}.
* {{citation |editor=Lucie B. Olivová |editor2=Vibeke Børdahl |display-editors=0 |title=Lifestyle and Entertainment in Yangzhou |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dvFJQ6WE1agC |pages= |series=''NIAS Studies in Asian Topics'', No. 44 |date=2009 |publisher=Nordic Institute of Asian Studies |location=Copenhagen |contribution=Building History and the Preservation of Yangzhou |last=Olivová |first=Lucie B. |isbn=978-87-7694-035-5 |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dvFJQ6WE1agC&pg=PA3 }}. * {{citation |editor=Lucie B. Olivová |editor2=Vibeke Børdahl |display-editors=0 |title=Lifestyle and Entertainment in Yangzhou |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dvFJQ6WE1agC |pages= |series=''NIAS Studies in Asian Topics'', No. 44 |date=2009 |publisher=Nordic Institute of Asian Studies |location=Copenhagen |contribution=Building History and the Preservation of Yangzhou |last=Olivová |first=Lucie B. |isbn=978-87-7694-035-5 |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dvFJQ6WE1agC&pg=PA3}}.
* {{citation |last=Snow |first=Edgar |author-link=Edgar Snow |author2=S.Y. Hu |display-authors=1 |ref={{harvid|Snow & al.|1929}} |date=10 August 1929 |title=China Weekly Review |contribution=Journeying through Kiangsu: From Shanghai to the Capital via the Shanghai Nanking Railway |contribution-url=https://archive.org/details/millards-1929.08.10/page/474/mode/2up |url=https://archive.org/details/millards-1929.08.10/mode/2up |volume=XLIX |issue=11 |location=Shanghai |publisher=Millard Publishing Co. |pages= }}. * {{citation |last=Snow |first=Edgar |author-link=Edgar Snow |author2=S.Y. Hu |display-authors=1 |ref={{harvid|Snow & al.|1929}} |date=10 August 1929 |title=China Weekly Review |contribution=Journeying through Kiangsu: From Shanghai to the Capital via the Shanghai Nanking Railway |contribution-url=https://archive.org/details/millards-1929.08.10/page/474/mode/2up |url=https://archive.org/details/millards-1929.08.10/mode/2up |volume=XLIX |issue=11 |location=Shanghai |publisher=Millard Publishing Co. |pages=}}.
* {{citation |last=Wen |first=Xin |author-mask=Wen Xin |title=《设计》 |trans-title=Design |language=zh |contribution-url=https://www.hanspub.org/journal/PaperInformation?paperID=72267 |trans-contribution=Discussion of the Influence of Canal Culture on Yangzhou Garden Design |contribution=浅谈运河文化对于扬州园林设计的影响 |volume=8 |issue=3 |date=September 2023 |url=https://www.hanspub.org/journal/design.html |publisher=Hans Publishers |location=] }}. * {{citation |last=Wen |first=Xin |author-mask=Wen Xin |title=《设计》 |trans-title=Design |language=zh |contribution-url=https://www.hanspub.org/journal/PaperInformation?paperID=72267 |trans-contribution=Discussion of the Influence of Canal Culture on Yangzhou Garden Design |contribution=浅谈运河文化对于扬州园林设计的影响 |volume=8 |issue=3 |date=September 2023 |url=https://www.hanspub.org/journal/design.html |publisher=Hans Publishers |location=]}}.
{{refend}} {{refend}}



Revision as of 18:34, 31 March 2024

Buddhist temple in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
Lianxing Temple
莲性寺
The White Dagoba at Lianxing Temple
Religion
AffiliationBuddhism
Location
LocationYangzhou, Jiangsu
CountryChina
Geographic coordinates32°24′32.0″N 119°24′58.3″E / 32.408889°N 119.416194°E / 32.408889; 119.416194
Lianxing Temple
Garden entrance at the temple
Traditional Chinese
Simplified Chinese
Literal meaningLotus Mind Temple
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinLiánxìng Sì
Wade–GilesLien-hsing Ssu
Fahai Temple
Chinese
Literal meaningTemple of the Sea of Law
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinFǎhǎi Sì
Wade–GilesFa-hai Ssu

The Lianxing Temple, also known as the Fahai Temple and by other names, is a Buddhist temple in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. It is located on a small island south of the central stretch of the Slender West Lake Scenic Area near the Five-Pavilion Bridge and is primarily known for its Tibetan-style dagoba.

Names

"Lianxing Temple" is a partial calque of the temple's Chinese name, written in traditional characters and in simplified ones. Liánxìng is the pinyin romanization of the first two characters. In full translation, it is also known as the "Temple of the Lotus Mind" or "Lotus Spirit Temple". It was originally known as the Fahai Temple (, Fǎhǎi Sì) or the "Temple of the Sea of Dharma".

Its dagoba is known as the White Dagoba, Stupa, or Pagoda, a calque of its Chinese name 白塔 or 白塔, Liánxìngsì Báitǎ.

History

The Fahai Temple was first established in the 13th or 14th century under the Yuan dynasty. It was renamed the Lianxing Temple in the 17th or 18th century under the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing. Chinese paintings of Yangzhou during the 18th century make it clear that the temple complex's main entrance shifted from its east side, where it was more convenient for the city's foot traffic, to the west, where the island's main wharf was located, showing the increased use of boats on the Slender West Lake after it was thoroughly dredged for the Qianlong Emperor's repeated visits.

The temple's dagoba self-consciously mirrored the White Dagoba in Beijing, combining with the later Five-Pavilion Bridge to emulate the capital's Beihai Park. As the "White Tower against Oncoming Clouds" (t , s , Báitǎ Qíngyún) it was reckoned as one of the 24 Views of Yangzhou under the Qing. Details of the construction of the tower have not survived, but numerous legends have arisen to fill the void. Most commonly, one of the town's rich salt merchants is said to have erected one in salt overnight to please the Qianlong Emperor during his second tour of Jiangnan in 1757 and others later replaced it with one in brick and plaster. In another, a group of merchants did so on the advice of one of the emperor's eunuchs, only to be extorted by the jealous eunuch into building a permanent structure. In a third, the merchant Jiang Chun (, Jiāng Chūn) voluntarily paid one or more of the emperor's attendants to get a sketch of the Beijing dagoba, enabling his workers to erect a full replica overnight. Most fancifully, historians of the 1920s combined local legends with passages from Marco Polo's Travels to claim the "wine bottle" pagoda was a thousand years old and had been erected by the Iranic Alans. In fact, the dagoba existed at least as far back as the Kangxi Emperor, though probably little earlier. It was rebuilt under the Qianlong Emperor, but in 1784 for his 6th and final southern tour.

The Lianxing Temple was badly damaged during the Taiping Rebellion when Yangzhou fell to the rebels in 1853. The dagoba, however, was preserved and even covered with scaffolding to make it more functional as a watchtower.

The temple was ultimately rebuilt, with its monks residing in a three-story building behind the main shrine. The present temple, however, is considered small and primarily for the benefit of tourists as the dagoba has become a famous landmark for the city. It was protected by the Yangzhou municipal government in 2002. The temple's White Dagoba was inscribed along with the nearby Five-Pavilion Bridge as the 533rd Major Cultural Heritage Site under National-Level Protection added during the 6th round of nominations on 25 May 2006.

Structure

The White Dagoba is 28.5 meters (94 ft) tall.

See also

References

Citations

  1. Gu (2018), p. 220s.
  2. ^ Danielson, Eric N. (26 January 2012), "Yangzhou Historic Sites Index", The Long River.
  3. ^ Morris (1983), p. 122.
  4. Luo (1994), p. 240.
  5. Xie, Tony, "White Dagoba Temple of Beijing", CCN Pic, Beijing: CCN Media Image.
  6. ^ Olivová (2009), p. 19.
  7. Wen (2023).
  8. Olivová (2009), p. 9.
  9. Olivová (2009), p. 31.
  10. ^ Olivová (2009), p. 32.
  11. Finnane (1993), pp. 137 & 242.
  12. Snow & al. (1929), p. 568.
  13. ^ "White Pagoda", Official site, Yangzhou: Slender West Lake Scenic Spot, 2023.
  14. Olivová (2009), p. 17.
  15. ^ Olivová (2009), p. 35.
  16. Olivová (2009), p. 24.
  17. State Council (2006).

Bibliography

Categories: