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{{Short description|Ottoman massacre in Saudi Arabia}} {{Short description|Ottoman siege in Saudi Arabia}}


{{citation style|date=November 2023}} {{citation style|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox civilian attack {{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Dhurma Massacre | title = Siege of Dhurma
| partof = ] | partof = ]
| image = | image =
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| time = | time =
| timezone = | timezone =
| type = * ] Raid | type = * ] siege
* Civilian Attack * Civilian Attack
| fatalities = * 800+ Killed | fatalities = * 800+ Killed
* ottoman deaths: 1500
* 3,000 Captured
| injuries = | injuries =
| victims = <!-- or | victim = --> ] | victims = <!-- or | victim = --> ]
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}} }}


'''The Dhurma Massacre''' is a massacre perpetrated by the ] in the Siege of Dhurma, during the ] After the siege of Shaqraa, which ended in 1817 with a peace agreement, the Ottoman forces marched to Dhurma on their way to Diriyah, during the ]


==Background== ==Siege==
⚫ In January 1818, Ibrahim led his forces to Dhurma fortress, a stronghold abundantly equipped with both defenders and provisions. Upon arrival, Ibrahim meticulously surveyed the fort before initiating a siege from its eastern flank. Despite Ottoman bombardments and assaults on the walls, a fierce battle ensued, concluding with the Ottomans being thwarted. In an endeavor to negotiate with the garrison, Ibrahim faced unsuccessful attempts. The Ottoman forces relentlessly bombarded the fortress walls, reportedly unleashing 5,300 shots upon the stronghold. Despite a renewed attack, they faced a decisive repulsion, sustaining a loss of 600 men. Undeterred, the garrison initiated reconstruction efforts on the damaged sections of the walls. Ibrahim subsequently besieged the fort from the south, under the leadership of Mus'ab bin 'Afisan. After bombarding and launching another assault, the Ottomans successfully seized control of the fortress, infiltrating it from all directions.
In January 1818, ] led his forces to ] fortress, a stronghold abundantly equipped with both defenders and provisions.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Abd al-Rahman al-Rafai |pages=147}}</ref>


Upon arrival, ] meticulously surveyed the fort before initiating a siege from its eastern flank. Despite ] bombardments and assaults on the walls, a fierce battle ensued, concluding with the ] being thwarted. In an endeavor to negotiate with the garrison, ] faced unsuccessful attempts.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Othman bin Bishr |pages=395}}</ref> The ottoman pasha ordered the attack on Dhurma in 1818, surrounding the town from all sides, he then ordered the invasion of the town. The troops attacked from all sides, and entered the town where there was bloodshed everywhere. The people of Dhurma did not back down, as they kept fighting the invading forces. After a long battle, the siege ended with the town losing 800 men (they originally had 1200).<ref>{{Cite book |title=Othman bin bashir |pages=396}}</ref> And the ottoman forces losing 1500 men. ] seized control and captured 3,000 women and children, dispatching them to ].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Othman bin Bishr |pages=395–396}}</ref>

⚫ The ] forces relentlessly bombarded the ] walls, reportedly unleashing 5,300 shots upon the stronghold. Despite a renewed attack, they faced a decisive repulsion, sustaining a loss of 600 men. Undeterred, the garrison initiated reconstruction efforts on the damaged sections of the walls. ] subsequently besieged the fort from the south, under the leadership of ]. After bombarding and launching another assault, the ] successfully seized control of the ], infiltrating it from all directions.<ref name=":0" />

==Massacre==
The ] initiated a ruthless campaign, targeting ] in both shops and houses. Street battles persisted, resulting in numerous ] casualties. In a deceitful maneuver, surrendered individuals had their weapons confiscated only to be subsequently killed by the ]. The fortress endured widespread pillaging, encompassing ], ]s, ], ], and personal belongings, rendering it devoid of inhabitants. ] seized control and captured 3,000 women and children, dispatching them to ].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Othman bin Bishr |pages=395–396}}</ref>

The massacre resulted in the death of 800 ] soldiers, In which only 400 out of 1200, had survived.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Othman bin bashir |pages=396}}</ref>


== References == == References ==
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{{coord missing|Saudi Arabia}} {{coord missing|Saudi Arabia}}

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Revision as of 14:07, 24 March 2024

Ottoman siege in Saudi Arabia
This article has an unclear citation style. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation and footnoting. (November 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Siege of Dhurma
Part of Nejd Expedition
LocationDhurma, Saudi Arabia
DateJanuary 1818
TargetSaudi Civilians, Saudi Soldiers
Attack type
  • Fort siege
  • Civilian Attack
Deaths
  • 800+ Killed
  • ottoman deaths: 1500
VictimsFirst Saudi State
PerpetratorsOttoman Empire

After the siege of Shaqraa, which ended in 1817 with a peace agreement, the Ottoman forces marched to Dhurma on their way to Diriyah, during the Expedition to Najd (1817-1818)

Siege

In January 1818, Ibrahim led his forces to Dhurma fortress, a stronghold abundantly equipped with both defenders and provisions. Upon arrival, Ibrahim meticulously surveyed the fort before initiating a siege from its eastern flank. Despite Ottoman bombardments and assaults on the walls, a fierce battle ensued, concluding with the Ottomans being thwarted. In an endeavor to negotiate with the garrison, Ibrahim faced unsuccessful attempts. The Ottoman forces relentlessly bombarded the fortress walls, reportedly unleashing 5,300 shots upon the stronghold. Despite a renewed attack, they faced a decisive repulsion, sustaining a loss of 600 men. Undeterred, the garrison initiated reconstruction efforts on the damaged sections of the walls. Ibrahim subsequently besieged the fort from the south, under the leadership of Mus'ab bin 'Afisan. After bombarding and launching another assault, the Ottomans successfully seized control of the fortress, infiltrating it from all directions.

The ottoman pasha ordered the attack on Dhurma in 1818, surrounding the town from all sides, he then ordered the invasion of the town. The troops attacked from all sides, and entered the town where there was bloodshed everywhere. The people of Dhurma did not back down, as they kept fighting the invading forces. After a long battle, the siege ended with the town losing 800 men (they originally had 1200). And the ottoman forces losing 1500 men. Ibrahim seized control and captured 3,000 women and children, dispatching them to Diriyah.

References

Notes

  1. Othman bin bashir. p. 396.
  2. Othman bin Bishr. pp. 395–396.

Bibliography

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