| Revision as of 09:44, 11 April 2007 editNick (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators22,287 editsm Protected Québécois: continued refusal to heed consensus at http://en.wikipedia.org/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois ← Previous edit | Revision as of 00:29, 12 April 2007 edit undoPicaroon (talk | contribs)17,614 edits format, rearranging some sections; no actual content changes, even if the diff looks like I made some!Next edit → | ||
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| ⚫ | A '''Québécois''' ({{IPA2|ke.be'kwa}}), or in the ] '''Québécoise''' (IPA: {{IPA|}}), is a native or resident of the ] province of ], but may also specifically refer to a ] or ] native or inhabitant of the province,<ref>{{cite web | title= "Quebecois." ''Main entry. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate® Dictionary, Eleventh Edition''|date=2003|accessdate=2007-03-16 |url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/quebecois}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title= "Québecois." A.a. ''The Oxford English Dictionary Online'' |date= 2000-03 |accessdate=2007-03-16 |url=http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50194642?single=1&query_type=word&queryword=Quebecois&first=1&max_to_show=10}}</ref> or to someone who identifies with Quebec's French-speaking majority culture. | ||
| ⚫ | {{Wiktionarypar|Québécois}} | ||
| ⚫ | A '''Québécois''' ({{IPA2|ke.be'kwa}}), or in the ] '''Québécoise''' (IPA: {{IPA|}}), is a native or resident of the ] province of ], but may also specifically refer to a ] or ] native or inhabitant of the province |
||
| In English, '''Quebecer''' or '''Quebecker''' ({{pronounced|kwəˈbɛkɚ}} or {{IPA|}}) is used to refer to any resident of Quebec, including ]s or ] natives or residents of Quebec.<ref>{{cite web | title= "Quebecer." ''Main entry. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate® Dictionary, Eleventh Edition''|date=2003|accessdate=2007-03-16 |url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/Quebecer}}</ref> | In English, '''Quebecer''' or '''Quebecker''' ({{pronounced|kwəˈbɛkɚ}} or {{IPA|}}) is used to refer to any resident of Quebec, including ]s or ] natives or residents of Quebec.<ref>{{cite web | title= "Quebecer." ''Main entry. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate® Dictionary, Eleventh Edition''|date=2003|accessdate=2007-03-16 |url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/Quebecer}}</ref> | ||
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| With a lower-case initial, the word ''quebecois'' can refer to ], a variant of the ] spoken by Quebec's population. As an adjective, it can refer to ] or the culture of French Canadians living in Quebec. | With a lower-case initial, the word ''quebecois'' can refer to ], a variant of the ] spoken by Quebec's population. As an adjective, it can refer to ] or the culture of French Canadians living in Quebec. | ||
| In French, ''Québécois'' refers to a native or any resident of Quebec or ]. |
In French, ''Québécois'' refers to a native or any resident of Quebec or ]. In a cultural context, it can also refer to a ] living in Quebec, or, as an adjective, refers to French Canadian culture in Quebec.<ref>{{Citation | title = Petit Robert. Dictionaire de la langue française. | last = Robert | first = Paul | publisher = Les Dictionnaires Roberts-Canada S.C.C. | location = Montreal | year = 1984 | page = isbn = 2-85036-066-X }} "''Specialt.'' (répandu v. 1965). Du groupe ethnique et linguistique canadien français composant la majorité de la population du Québec. Littérature québécoise; cinéma québécoise."</ref> | ||
| == Origin of Name == | == Origin of Name == | ||
| The term ''Québécois'' replaced '']'' as an expression of cultural and nationalist identity among French Canadians in Quebec during the ] of the 1960's. Whereas the predominant French Canadian nationalism and identity of previous generations involved a pan-Canadian identity based on the protection of the ], the ], and Church-run institutions all over Canada, the modern Quebecois identity would be secular and based on a ] ideal of the Quebec State promoting |
The term ''Québécois'' replaced '']'' as an expression of cultural and nationalist identity among French Canadians in Quebec during the ] of the 1960's. Whereas the predominant French Canadian nationalism and identity of previous generations involved a pan-Canadian identity based on the protection of the ], the ], and Church-run institutions all over Canada, the modern Quebecois identity would be secular and based on a ] ideal of the Quebec State promoting French Canadian culture and language in the arts, education, and business within the territory of Quebec. Politically, this resulted in a movement towards more autonomy and an internal debate on Quebec independence and the roll of language that continues to this day.<ref>{{cite web | last = Bélanger | first = Claude | title = The social-democratic nationalism: 1945 to today | work = Quebec Nationalism | publisher = Marianopolis College | date = ] | url = http://www2.marianopolis.edu/quebechistory/events/natpart4.htm | accessdate = 2007-04-05 }}</ref> | ||
| <ref>{{cite web | |||
| | last = Bélanger | |||
| | first = Claude | |||
| | title = The social-democratic nationalism: 1945 to today | |||
| | work = Quebec Nationalism | |||
| | publisher = Marianopolis College | |||
| | date = ] | |||
| | url = http://www2.marianopolis.edu/quebechistory/events/natpart4.htm | |||
| | accessdate = 2007-04-05 }}</ref> | |||
| == Québécois nation == | == Québécois nation == | ||
| ⚫ | The "Québécois nation" was recognized in a near-unanimous motion of Prime Minister ] adopted by the ] on ] ]. The motion proposed that ''"... this House recognize that the Québécois form a nation within a united Canada"'', with the Prime Minister specifying that he was using the ''"cultural"'' and ''"sociological"'' as opposed the ''"legal"'' sense of the word ''"nation"''. The Prime Minister emphasized that the motion was a symbolic political nature, representing no constitutional change, no recognition of Quebec sovereignty, and no legal change in its political relations within the federation.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2006/11/27/nation-vote.html | title = House passes motion recognizing Québécois as nation | publisher = Canadian Broadcasting Corporation | date = 2006-11-27 | acessdate = 2006-12-21}}</ref> The ] has further elaborated, stating that the motion's definition of Quebecois relies on personal decisions to ] as Quebecois, and therefore is ambiguous, carrying no legal weight.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2006/12/19/harper-motion.html?ref=rss | title = Who's a Québécois? Harper isn't sure | publisher = Canadian Broadcasting Corporation | date = 2006-12-19 | acessdate = 2006-12-21}}</ref> | ||
| == Usage == | |||
| ⚫ | The |
||
| ⚫ | === English usage === | ||
| ⚫ | English expressions employing the term stress the distinction between the ethno-cultural and sociological sense of ''Québécois'' and the legal and civic sense of ''Quebecer'' or ''Quebec''. | ||
| ⚫ | *''Québécois people'' | ||
| ⚫ | == English usage == | ||
| ⚫ | *''Québécois society'' | ||
| ⚫ | English expressions employing the term stress the distinction between the ethno-cultural and sociological sense of ''Québécois'' and the legal and civic sense of ''Quebecer'' or ''Quebec''. |
||
| ⚫ | *''Québécois nation'' | ||
| === French usage === | |||
| ⚫ | * |
||
| ⚫ | *''Les Québécois et Québécoises'' (masculine and feminine genders) to include women when referring to Quebecers as a whole. | ||
| ⚫ | * |
||
| ⚫ | *''Le Québec aux Québécois'' - "Quebec for Québécois" - slogan often chanted at Quebec nationalist rallies or protests. | ||
| ⚫ | * |
||
| == French expressions used in English == | === French expressions used in English === | ||
| French expressions employing "Québécois" are often used in English. Here the sense of the word remains ambiguous. | French expressions employing "Québécois" are often used in English. Here the sense of the word remains ambiguous. | ||
| * |
*'']'' - Provincial-level political party that supports Quebec independence from Canada | ||
| * |
*'']'' - Federal-level political party that supports Quebec independence from Canada | ||
| * |
*''Québécois de (vieille) souche''' - "old-stock Quebecer" - Quebecer that can trace his or her ancestry back to the regime of ]. | ||
| * |
*''Québécois pure laine'' - "true blue" or "dyed-in-the-wool" Quebecker - usually means the same as ''Québécois de vieille souche'', but originally referred to an ardent Quebec nationalist; the term is resented by ]s because it was often used by nationalists to question the belonging of minority groups who are, by and large, cool to ]; the term has fallen out of favour since it has been used by opponents of Quebec nationalism to highlight its perceived exclusion of minorities. | ||
| == |
== See also == | ||
| ⚫ | {{portalpar|Quebec|Flag of Quebec.svg}} | ||
| ⚫ | * |
||
| ⚫ | * |
||
| ⚫ | ==References== | ||
| ⚫ | {{reflist}} | ||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| ⚫ | {{portalpar|Quebec}} | ||
| *] | *] | ||
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| *] | *] | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| ⚫ | == References == | ||
| ⚫ | {{reflist}} | ||
| == Further reading == | |||
| ⚫ | {{Wiktionarypar|Québécois}} | ||
| ⚫ | *{{cite journal| last = Young| first = David | authorlink = David Young | title = Céline Dion, the ADISQ Controversy, and the Anglophone Press in Canada | journal = Canadian Journal of Communication | volume = 24 | issue = 4 | date = ]| publisher = Public Knowledge Project | url = http://www.cjc-online.ca/viewarticle.php?id=547&layout=html | format = ] | id = ISSN: 1499-6642 | accessdate = 2007-03-16 }} | ||
| ⚫ | *{{cite web| http://spqlibre.org/default.aspx?page=44&NewsId=68 | last = Dubuc| first = Pierre | authorlink = Pierre Dubuc | title = Sans nous qui est Québécois ? | publisher = SPQ Libre! (Syndicalistes et progressistes pour un Québec libre) |date = ]| url = http://spqlibre.org/default.aspx?page=44&NewsId=68 | accessdate = 2007-04-08}} | ||
| ] | ] | ||
Revision as of 00:29, 12 April 2007
This redirect is about the use of the term Québécois in the English language. For the newspaper, see Le Québécois. For the province in Canada, see Quebec. Ethnic group File:Bouchard5.jpg | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Quebec | |
| Languages | |
| French, English | |
| Religion | |
| Roman Catholic, Secular | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| French Canadian, French, Acadians, Cajun, Metis, English-speaking Quebecer |
A Québécois (IPA: [ke.be'kwa]), or in the feminine Québécoise (IPA: ), is a native or resident of the Canadian province of Quebec, but may also specifically refer to a French-speaking or French Canadian native or inhabitant of the province, or to someone who identifies with Quebec's French-speaking majority culture.
In English, Quebecer or Quebecker (IPA: [kwəˈbɛkɚ] or ) is used to refer to any resident of Quebec, including English-speaking Quebecers or allophone natives or residents of Quebec.
With a lower-case initial, the word quebecois can refer to Quebec French, a variant of the French language spoken by Quebec's population. As an adjective, it can refer to Quebec's francophone culture or population or the culture of French Canadians living in Quebec.
In French, Québécois refers to a native or any resident of Quebec or Quebec City. In a cultural context, it can also refer to a French Canadian living in Quebec, or, as an adjective, refers to French Canadian culture in Quebec.
Origin of Name
The term Québécois replaced French Canadian as an expression of cultural and nationalist identity among French Canadians in Quebec during the Quiet Revolution of the 1960's. Whereas the predominant French Canadian nationalism and identity of previous generations involved a pan-Canadian identity based on the protection of the French language, the Roman Catholic Church, and Church-run institutions all over Canada, the modern Quebecois identity would be secular and based on a social democratic ideal of the Quebec State promoting French Canadian culture and language in the arts, education, and business within the territory of Quebec. Politically, this resulted in a movement towards more autonomy and an internal debate on Quebec independence and the roll of language that continues to this day.
Québécois nation
The "Québécois nation" was recognized in a near-unanimous motion of Prime Minister Stephen Harper adopted by the Canadian House of Commons on 27 November 2006. The motion proposed that "... this House recognize that the Québécois form a nation within a united Canada", with the Prime Minister specifying that he was using the "cultural" and "sociological" as opposed the "legal" sense of the word "nation". The Prime Minister emphasized that the motion was a symbolic political nature, representing no constitutional change, no recognition of Quebec sovereignty, and no legal change in its political relations within the federation. The Prime Minister has further elaborated, stating that the motion's definition of Quebecois relies on personal decisions to self-identify as Quebecois, and therefore is ambiguous, carrying no legal weight.
Usage
English usage
English expressions employing the term stress the distinction between the ethno-cultural and sociological sense of Québécois and the legal and civic sense of Quebecer or Quebec.
- Québécois people
- Québécois society
- Québécois nation
French usage
- Les Québécois et Québécoises (masculine and feminine genders) to include women when referring to Quebecers as a whole.
- Le Québec aux Québécois - "Quebec for Québécois" - slogan often chanted at Quebec nationalist rallies or protests.
French expressions used in English
French expressions employing "Québécois" are often used in English. Here the sense of the word remains ambiguous.
- Parti Québécois - Provincial-level political party that supports Quebec independence from Canada
- Bloc Québécois - Federal-level political party that supports Quebec independence from Canada
- Québécois de (vieille) souche' - "old-stock Quebecer" - Quebecer that can trace his or her ancestry back to the regime of New France.
- Québécois pure laine - "true blue" or "dyed-in-the-wool" Quebecker - usually means the same as Québécois de vieille souche, but originally referred to an ardent Quebec nationalist; the term is resented by English-speaking Quebecers because it was often used by nationalists to question the belonging of minority groups who are, by and large, cool to Quebec nationalism; the term has fallen out of favour since it has been used by opponents of Quebec nationalism to highlight its perceived exclusion of minorities.
See also
References
- ""Quebecois." Main entry. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate® Dictionary, Eleventh Edition". 2003. Retrieved 2007-03-16.
- ""Québecois." A.a. The Oxford English Dictionary Online". 2000-03. Retrieved 2007-03-16.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ""Quebecer." Main entry. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate® Dictionary, Eleventh Edition". 2003. Retrieved 2007-03-16.
- Robert, Paul (1984), Petit Robert. Dictionaire de la langue française., Montreal: Les Dictionnaires Roberts-Canada S.C.C., p. isbn = 2-85036-066-X
{{citation}}: Missing pipe in:|page=(help) "Specialt. (répandu v. 1965). Du groupe ethnique et linguistique canadien français composant la majorité de la population du Québec. Littérature québécoise; cinéma québécoise." - Bélanger, Claude (2000-08-27). "The social-democratic nationalism: 1945 to today". Quebec Nationalism. Marianopolis College. Retrieved 2007-04-05.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - "House passes motion recognizing Québécois as nation". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2006-11-27.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|acessdate=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - "Who's a Québécois? Harper isn't sure". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2006-12-19.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|acessdate=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help)
Further reading
- Young, David (1999). "Céline Dion, the ADISQ Controversy, and the Anglophone Press in Canada" (html). Canadian Journal of Communication. 24 (4). Public Knowledge Project. ISSN: 1499-6642. Retrieved 2007-03-16.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - Dubuc, Pierre (2002). "Sans nous qui est Québécois ?". SPQ Libre! (Syndicalistes et progressistes pour un Québec libre). Retrieved 2007-04-08.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|http://spqlibre.org/default.aspx?page=ignored (help)