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==Works== ==Works==
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Abdulla Qahhor started his writing career in 1924 by writing short stories for different periodicals, such as ''Qizil Oʻzbekiston'' (''Red Uzbekistan''), '']'' (''Fist''), ''Yangi yoʻl'' (''New Road'') under the pen names Nish, Norin Shilpiq, Mavlono Kufur, Guluyor, Erkaboy, and E-boy. His first poem, ''Oy kuyganda'' (''When the Moon Burned''), was published in ''Mushtum'' in 1924. Following the release of his first story, ''Boshsiz odam'' (''The Headless Man'') (1929), Qahhor concentrated on prose writing. His first book, ''Qishloq hukmi ostida'' (''Under the Rule of the Village''), was published in 1932. His first collection of stories, ''Olam yasharadi'' (''The World Becomes Young''), was published in 1935. Abdulla Qahhor started his writing career in 1924 by writing short stories. He began publishing his work in 1925{{sfn|Surkov|1966|p=455}} and went on to work as a writer for many different Uzbek-language periodicals, such as ] (''Red Uzbekistan''), '']'' (''Fist''), ''Yangi Farg‘ona'' (''New Ferghana'')<ref name="LB">{{cite news|title=Буюк уста|trans-title=Great master|work=]|date=9 September 1967|page=2}}</ref> under many different pseudonyms and pen names, including Norin shilpiq, Sarimsoq, E-Boy, Erkaboy, Gina, Gulyor, Mavlono Kufur, and Nish.


From 1934 to 1937, he worked as secretary of the ''Sovet adabiyoti'' (''Soviet Literature'') magazine, and from 1938 to 1950, he worked as an editor and translator at the State Publishing House of Uzbekistan.<ref name="SAKh">{{cite book|title=Совет адабиёти: хрестоматия: ўрта мактабнинг мактабнинг 10-синфи учун|trans-title=Soviet Literature: Chrestomathy: For the 10th Frade of Secondary School|publisher=O‘zSSR davlat o‘quv-pedagogika nashriyoti|year=1955|language=uz|page=557|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1rjhAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>
⚫ Qahhor's stories ''Asror bobo'' (''Grandpa Asror''), ''Dardaqdan chiqqan qahramon'' (''A Hero from Dardaq''), ''Kampirlar sim qoqdi'' (''Old Women Rang''), ''Xotinlar'' (''Women''), and ''Oltin yulduz'' (''The Golden Star'') depict the courage of Uzbek soldiers and the hard work of Uzbek workers during the ] against ] and its ].


His first poem, "Oy kuyganda" ("When the Moon Burns"), was published in ''Mushtum'' in 1924.{{sfn|Sodiq|2006|p=141}} Following the release of his first story, "Boshsiz odam" ("The Headless Man") (1929),{{sfn|Vladimirova|1977|p=88}} Qahhor concentrated on prose writing. His first book, ''Qishloq hukmi ostida'' (''Under the Rule of the Village''), was published in 1932.{{sfn|Abdusamatov|1985|p=25}} His first collection of stories, ''Olam yasharadi'' (''The World Becomes Young''), was published in 1933.<ref name="BSE">{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Большая советская энциклопедия|language=ru|title=Каххар, Абдулла|trans-title=Kakhkhar Abdulla|page=548|volume=11|year=1973|edition=3|location=Moscow|publisher=Great Soviet Encyclopedia Publishing House|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KrsXAQAAIAAJ}}</ref>
Qahhor's other novels and stories include ''Sarob'' (''Mirage'') (1935), ''Oʻgʻri'' (''The Thief'') (1936), ''Bemor'' (''The Patient'') (1936), ''Qoʻshchinor chiroqlari'' (''The Lights of Qoʻshchinor'') (1951), ''Oʻtmishdan ertaklar'' (''Stories from the Past'') (1965), ''Muhabbat'' (''Love'') (1968), ''Mahalla'', ''Millatchilar'' (''Nationalists''), and others. He is also known for his plays ''Shohi soʻzana'' (''Silk Suzani'') (1950), ''Ogʻriq tishlar'' (''Hurting Teeth'') (1950), ''Tobutdan tovush'' (''A Sound from the Coffin'') (1962), and ''Ayajonlarim'' (''My Dear Mothers'') (1967).


⚫ Qahhor's stories "Asror bobo" ("Grandpa Asror"), "Dardaqdan chiqqan qahramon" ("A Hero from Dardaq"), "Kampirlar sim qoqdi" ("Old Women Rang"), "Xotinlar" ("Women"), and "Oltin yulduz" ("The Golden Star") depict the courage of Uzbek soldiers and the hard work of Uzbek workers during the ] against ] and its ].{{sfn|Normatov|2007|p=30}}
He translated the works of many Russian writers, such as ], ], and ] into the ]. In particular, he translated '']'' of Pushkin, '']'' and '']'' of Gogol, and, together with his wife Kibriyo Qahhorova, '']'' of ].

Qahhor's other novels and stories include ''Sarob'' (''Mirage'') (1935),{{sfn|Mirvaliyev|1993|p=57}} ''Oʻgʻri'' (''The Thief''){{sfn|Sodiq|2006|p=143}} (1936), ''Bemor'' (''The Patient'') (1936),{{sfn|Abdusamatov|1985|p=32}} ''Qoʻshchinor chiroqlari'' (''The Lights of Qoʻshchinor'') (1951),<ref name="Toshkentencyc">{{cite book|title=Тошкент: энциклопедия|trans-title=Tashkent: encyclopedia|publisher="O‘zbekiston Milliy Entsiklopediyasi" Davlat Ilmiy Nashriyoti|date=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-LzYsuzYJXwC|page=32|language=uz}}</ref> ''Oʻtmishdan ertaklar'' (''Stories from the Past'') (1965),<ref name="Toshkentencyc"/> ''Muhabbat'' (''Love'') (1968),<ref name="BSE"/> ''Mahalla'' (''Neighborhood''),<ref>{{cite book|title=Ўзбек совет адабиëти тарикҳи|date=1972|publisher=O‘zbekiston SSR "Fan" nashriëti|volume=3|language=uz|page=97|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MFjhAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> ''Millatchilar'' (''Nationalists''),<ref>{{cite book|title=Узбекский язык и литература|publisher=Fan|date=1978|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UgW6AAAAIAAJ|language=uz|page=98}}</ref> and others. He is also known for his plays ''Shohi soʻzana'' (''Silk Suzani'') (1950),<ref name="Toshkentencyc"/> ''Ogʻriq tishlar'' (''Hurting Teeth'') (1954),{{sfn|Normatov|2007|p=79}} ''Tobutdan tovush'' (''A Sound from the Coffin'') (1962),{{sfn|Sodiq|2006|p=147}} and ''Ayajonlarim'' (''My Dear Mothers'') (1967).{{sfn|Normatov|2007|p=79}}

Qahhor translated the works of many Russian writers, such as ], ], ], and ] into the ].<ref name="BSE"/> In particular, he translated '']'' of Pushkin,<ref>{{cite book|last=Rasuli|first=Masud|title=Братства щедрые плоды|publisher=Izd-vo lit-ry i iskusstva|year=1974|page=38|language=ru|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eSgxAAAAIAAJ}}</ref> '']'' and '']'' of Gogol,<ref name="Vladimirova"/> and, together with his wife Kibriyo Qahhorova, '']'' of ].<ref>{{cite book|title=Ўзбек тили ва адабиёти|publisher=Fan|date=1976|language=uz|page=52|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YwS6AAAAIAAJ}}</ref> While his translations have been widely praised by Uzbek authors and critics,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Salomov |first1=Gʻaybulla |title=Maqol va idiomalar tarjimasi |date=1961 |publisher=Oʻzbekiston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi |location=Tashkent |language=Uzbek}}</ref> some of his translations were criticized by Russian critics for incorrectly conveying the meaning of texts.<ref name="Vladimirova">{{cite news|last1=Vladimirova|first1=Ninel|last2=Kasymov|first2=S.|title=Переводы произведений русских классиков на узбекский язык|date=16 December 1953|work=Pravda Vostoka|date=|language=ru|pages=3-4}}</ref>


==Influence== ==Influence==

Revision as of 22:18, 17 August 2024

Abdulla Qahhor
Абдулла Қаҳҳор
A commemorative Uzbek stamp made in honor of Abdulla Qahhor's 100th birthdayA commemorative Uzbek stamp made in honor of Abdulla Qahhor's 100th birthday
BornAbdulla Qahhorov
(1907-09-17)September 17, 1907
Kokand, Fergana Oblast, Russian Empire
DiedMay 24, 1968(1968-05-24) (aged 60)
Moscow, Soviet Union
OccupationNovelist, short story writer, poet, playwright, and literary translator
Literary movementRealism
Notable awards

Abdulla Qahhor (Template:Lang-uz) (September 17, 1907 – May 24, 1968) was a Soviet and Uzbek novelist, short story writer, poet, playwright, and literary translator. He is best remembered as the author of the 1951 novel Qoʻshchinor chiroqlari (The Lights of Qoʻshchinor) and the 1958 novella Sinchalak.

Qahhor is considered to be one of the best Uzbek writers of the 20th century, and has been called the "Chekhov" of Uzbeks. He received the prestigious Stalin Prize in 1952, and became a National Writer of the Uzbek SSR in 1967. In 2000, Qahhor was posthumously awarded the Order of Outstanding Merit (Template:Lang-uz), one of independent Uzbekistan's most prestigious awards.

Life

Abdulla Qahhor was born on 17 September 1907 in Kokand. According to some sources, his father was a blacksmith. According to other sources, his father was a shoemaker, or, alternatively, his family were farmers.

In 1930, Qahhor entered the pedagogical faculty of Central Asia State University, graduating in 1934. He became a member of the Communist Party in 1952. From 1954 to 1956, he was the Chairman of the Union of Writers of the Uzbek SSR.

In the early years of his work, Qahhor was very good friends with Sharof Rashidov, but the two had a falling out after Rashidov did not like some of the contents of Qahhor's novel Qoʻshchinor and insisted that it be modified. The novel was later re-developed into Qoʻshchinor chiroqlari.

Qahhor died in Moscow on 24 May 1968 at the age of 60 and was buried in Tashkent.

Works

An Uzbek stamp issued in recognition of Abdulla Qahhor's play Shohi soʻzana (Silk Suzani) (1950)

Abdulla Qahhor started his writing career in 1924 by writing short stories. He began publishing his work in 1925 and went on to work as a writer for many different Uzbek-language periodicals, such as Qizil Oʻzbekiston (Red Uzbekistan), Mushtum (Fist), Yangi Farg‘ona (New Ferghana) under many different pseudonyms and pen names, including Norin shilpiq, Sarimsoq, E-Boy, Erkaboy, Gina, Gulyor, Mavlono Kufur, and Nish.

From 1934 to 1937, he worked as secretary of the Sovet adabiyoti (Soviet Literature) magazine, and from 1938 to 1950, he worked as an editor and translator at the State Publishing House of Uzbekistan.

His first poem, "Oy kuyganda" ("When the Moon Burns"), was published in Mushtum in 1924. Following the release of his first story, "Boshsiz odam" ("The Headless Man") (1929), Qahhor concentrated on prose writing. His first book, Qishloq hukmi ostida (Under the Rule of the Village), was published in 1932. His first collection of stories, Olam yasharadi (The World Becomes Young), was published in 1933.

Qahhor's stories "Asror bobo" ("Grandpa Asror"), "Dardaqdan chiqqan qahramon" ("A Hero from Dardaq"), "Kampirlar sim qoqdi" ("Old Women Rang"), "Xotinlar" ("Women"), and "Oltin yulduz" ("The Golden Star") depict the courage of Uzbek soldiers and the hard work of Uzbek workers during the Soviet-German war against Nazi Germany and its allies.

Qahhor's other novels and stories include Sarob (Mirage) (1935), Oʻgʻri (The Thief) (1936), Bemor (The Patient) (1936), Qoʻshchinor chiroqlari (The Lights of Qoʻshchinor) (1951), Oʻtmishdan ertaklar (Stories from the Past) (1965), Muhabbat (Love) (1968), Mahalla (Neighborhood), Millatchilar (Nationalists), and others. He is also known for his plays Shohi soʻzana (Silk Suzani) (1950), Ogʻriq tishlar (Hurting Teeth) (1954), Tobutdan tovush (A Sound from the Coffin) (1962), and Ayajonlarim (My Dear Mothers) (1967).

Qahhor translated the works of many Russian writers, such as Leo Tolstoy, Alexander Pushkin, Anton Chekhov, and Nikolai Gogol into the Uzbek language. In particular, he translated The Captain's Daughter of Pushkin, Marriage and The Government Inspector of Gogol, and, together with his wife Kibriyo Qahhorova, War and Peace of Leo Tolstoy. While his translations have been widely praised by Uzbek authors and critics, some of his translations were criticized by Russian critics for incorrectly conveying the meaning of texts.

Influence

Qahhor influenced numerous Uzbek writers, including Said Ahmad, Oʻtkir Hoshimov, and Erkin Vohidov.

Notes

  1. His name is written as Абдулла Қаҳҳор in Uzbek Cyrillic, Абдулла Каххар in Russian (transliterated as Abdulla Kakhkhar), and sometimes written in English as Abdulla Kahhar.
  2. Some sources claim that he was born in what is now the Asht District of Tajikistan.

References

  1. Nigina Ergasheva (23 August 2007). "For Abdulla Kahhar's 100th anniversary". Uzbeksitan Today. Archived from the original on 20 March 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
  2. "The Abdulla Kahhar Museum". Retrieved 3 February 2012.
  3. "Abdulla Qahhor". Ensiklopedik lugʻat (in Uzbek). Vol. 1. Toshkent: Oʻzbek sovet ensiklopediyasi. 1988. pp. 5–6. 5-89890-002-0.
  4. "Abdulla Qahhor (1907-1968)". Ziyouz (in Uzbek). Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  5. ^ Abdumavlyanov 1966, p. 181. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAbdumavlyanov1966 (help)
  6. Sodiq 2006, p. 140. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSodiq2006 (help)
  7. Писатели советского Узбекистана [Writers of Soviet Uzbekistan] (in Russian). Государственное издательство художественной литературы УзССР. 1959. pp. 83–85.
  8. ^ Совет адабиёти: хрестоматия: ўрта мактабнинг мактабнинг 10-синфи учун [Soviet Literature: Chrestomathy: For the 10th Frade of Secondary School] (in Uzbek). O‘zSSR davlat o‘quv-pedagogika nashriyoti. 1955. p. 557.
  9. Абдулла Қаҳҳор. Vol. 1. UzSSR davlat badiiy adabiyot nashriyoti. 1957.
  10. Surkov, Aleksey (1966). "Каххар, Абдулла". Краткая литературная энциклопедия. Vol. 3. Moscow: Sovetskaya entsiklopedia. p. 455.
  11. ^ "Каххар, Абдулла" [Kakhkhar Abdulla]. Большая советская энциклопедия (in Russian). Vol. 11 (3 ed.). Moscow: Great Soviet Encyclopedia Publishing House. 1973. p. 548.
  12. Klimovich 1959, p. 532. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKlimovich1959 (help)
  13. Abdusamatov, Hafiz (25 June 1996). "Низо эмас, мурувват". Milliy tiklanish (in Uzbek). p. 4.
  14. Ўзбек тили ва адабиёти масалалари [Issues of Uzbek Language and Literature] (in Uzbek). O‘zbekiston SSR fanlar akademiyasi nashriyoti. 1961. p. 22.
  15. "Абдулла Қаҳҳор" [Abdulla Qahhor]. Sovet Oʻzbekistoni (in Uzbek). 26 May 1968. p. 3.
  16. Surkov 1966, p. 455.
  17. "Буюк уста" [Great master]. Lenin bayragy. 9 September 1967. p. 2.
  18. Sodiq 2006, p. 141. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSodiq2006 (help)
  19. Vladimirova 1977, p. 88. sfn error: no target: CITEREFVladimirova1977 (help)
  20. Abdusamatov 1985, p. 25. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAbdusamatov1985 (help)
  21. Normatov 2007, p. 30. sfn error: no target: CITEREFNormatov2007 (help)
  22. Mirvaliyev 1993, p. 57. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMirvaliyev1993 (help)
  23. Sodiq 2006, p. 143. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSodiq2006 (help)
  24. Abdusamatov 1985, p. 32. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAbdusamatov1985 (help)
  25. ^ Тошкент: энциклопедия [Tashkent: encyclopedia] (in Uzbek). "O‘zbekiston Milliy Entsiklopediyasi" Davlat Ilmiy Nashriyoti. 2009. p. 32.
  26. Ўзбек совет адабиëти тарикҳи (in Uzbek). Vol. 3. O‘zbekiston SSR "Fan" nashriëti. 1972. p. 97.
  27. Узбекский язык и литература (in Uzbek). Fan. 1978. p. 98.
  28. ^ Normatov 2007, p. 79. sfn error: no target: CITEREFNormatov2007 (help)
  29. Sodiq 2006, p. 147. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSodiq2006 (help)
  30. Rasuli, Masud (1974). Братства щедрые плоды (in Russian). Izd-vo lit-ry i iskusstva. p. 38.
  31. ^ Vladimirova, Ninel; Kasymov, S. "Переводы произведений русских классиков на узбекский язык". Pravda Vostoka (in Russian). pp. 3–4.
  32. Ўзбек тили ва адабиёти (in Uzbek). Fan. 1976. p. 52.
  33. Salomov, Gʻaybulla (1961). Maqol va idiomalar tarjimasi (in Uzbek). Tashkent: Oʻzbekiston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi.

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