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Revision as of 23:59, 25 April 2007
| Edward William Brooke III | |
|---|---|
| File:EdwardBrooke.jpg | |
| United States Senator from Massachusetts | |
| In office January 3, 1967 – January 3, 1979 | |
| Preceded by | Leverett Saltonstall |
| Succeeded by | Paul Tsongas |
| Personal details | |
| Nationality | american |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Anne Brooke |
Edward William Brooke III (born October 26, 1919) is an American politician and was the first Black American to be elected by popular vote to the United States Senate when he was elected as a Republican from Massachusetts in 1966, defeating his Democratic opponent, Endicott Peabody, 58%-42%. He was also the first black ever elected since Reconstruction, and would be the only black in the Senate until 1993 when Democrat Carol Moseley Braun would be elected.
Early years
Born in Washington, D.C., Brooke was the son of a Veterans Administration attorney. In 1937, Brooke was duly initiated into Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, through its Beta Chapter located on the campus of Howard University on Saturday, December 4, 1937. Upon his graduation from Howard University in 1941, he spent five years as an officer in the segregated 366th Infantry Regiment and saw combat in Italy. Following his discharge, he graduated from Boston University Law School in 1948.
The following year, he ran for a seat in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, but lost. He then made two more tries for office, including one for secretary of state, but again fell short in both races.
He was the chairman of Finance Commission of Boston from 1961-1962. Brooke was elected Attorney General of Massachusetts in 1962 and re-elected in 1964. In this position, he gained a reputation as a vigorous prosecutor of organized crime.
U.S. Senator
Brooke served as a U.S. Senator for two terms, from January 3, 1967 to January 3, 1979. In 1967 he served on the President's Commission on Civil Disorders. He was a member of the liberal wing of the Republican Party, and often had conflicts with President Richard Nixon, particularly in 1970 when Brooke helped lead the movement to stop the Senate confirmation of the President's nominee to the Supreme Court, Harold Carswell. Brooke was re-elected in 1972, defeating Democrat John Droney 62%-34%. However, he lost much of his popularity during his second term after a contentious and widely-publicized divorce. He lost a bid for a third term in 1978 to Democratic Representative Paul Tsongas 55%-41%. After leaving the Senate, he was the head of the Low Income Housing Coalition.
In 1996, he became the first chairman of Alpha Phi Alpha's World Policy Council, a think tank whose purpose is to expand the fraternity's involvement in politics, and social and current policy to encompass international concerns. Brooke currently serves as the council's chairman emeritus and was honorary chairman at the Centennial Convention of Alpha Phi Alpha held in Washington, D.C in 2006.
In September 2002, he was diagnosed with breast cancer and since then, has assumed a national role in raising awareness of the disease among men.
In 2004, Brooke was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom—designed to recognize individuals who have made "an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States, world peace, cultural or other significant public or private endeavors."
On April 29, 2006 the Massachusetts Republican Party awarded the first annual Edward Brooke Award to former White House Chief of Staff Andrew Card at their 2006 State Nominating Convention.
The father of two daughters and a son, Brooke currently lives in Miami with his wife, Anne.
As of 2007, he was one of three African Americans to serve in the United States Senate since Reconstruction and is the last black Republican to serve in the Senate.
Bibliography
- Edward Brooke (2006). Bridging The Divide: My Life. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-3905-6.
External Links
- United States Congress. "Edward Brooke (id: B000871)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- Edward Brooke biography and video interview excerpts by The National Visionary Leadership Project
| Preceded byEdward McCormack | Attorney General of Massachusetts 1963 – 1967 |
Succeeded byElliot Richardson |
| Preceded byLeverett Saltonstall | U.S. senator (Class 2) from Massachusetts 1967 – 1979 Served alongside: Ted Kennedy |
Succeeded byPaul Tsongas |
| United States senators from Massachusetts | ||
|---|---|---|
| Class 1 |  | |
| Class 2 | ||
- United States Senators from Massachusetts
- African American Senators
- African Americans in the United States military
- Black history in the United States military
- Republicans (United States)
- Massachusetts Attorneys General
- Mob-busters
- United States Army officers
- American military personnel of World War II
- American Episcopalians
- Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
- Alpha Phi Alpha brothers
- Breast cancer activists
- 1919 births
- Living people
- Howard University alumni
- Boston University alumni
- African American lawyers