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| The '''IMK-Peshmerga''' was the military branch of the ] (IMK) from the foundation of the IMK in 1987 until its disarmament in 2003. The IMK-Peshmerga was an official branch of the ]. | |||
| == History == | |||
| ] returned from exile in Iran in 1987 and founded the IMK, which had political and military branches. The IMK stronghold was ] for both political support and militant activity. During the ], the IMK-Peshmerga fought against ] as a part of the ], alongside the ]-Peshmerga and ]-Peshmerga. After the ], Osman Abdulaziz declared a jihad against Saddam Hussein.<ref>Van Wilgenburg, Vladimir. "Syria war brings al-Qaeda threat to Iraqi Kurdistan." Al-Monitor, 14 December 2013. Web. 27 July 2015.; "Profile: Kurdish Islamist movement." BBC News, 13 Jan. 2003. Web. 27 July 2015.; Van Wilgenburg, Vladimir. "Islamic State Threatens Kurdish Clerics." Medium, 8 Feb. 2015. Web. 28 July 2015.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-04 |title=بزووتنەوەی ئیسلامی:بەهۆی خراپی حوکمڕانی کوردی، هاووڵاتیان ئینتیمایان نەماوەو خۆزگە بەدەسەڵاتی بێگانە دەخوازن |url=https://www.basknet.net/news/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C/2024/10228/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=باسک نێت}}</ref> The IMK-Peshmerga also fought in the ], when Osman Abdulaziz declared a second jihad against Saddam Hussein, which rapidly increased the popularity and strength of the IMK-Peshmerga.<ref>Kakei, Saed. "The Islamic Movement of Kurdistan: From conflict to cooperation." EKurd Daily, 25 March 2013. Web. 28 July 2015.; Romano, David. "An Outline of Kurdish Islamist Groups in Iraq." The Jamestown Foundation, September 2007. Web. 27 July 2015.</ref> ] was the general commander of the IMK-Peshmerga from the 1991 Iraqi uprisings until 2001 when he left it.<ref>”Mullah Krekar”, Society for Recognition of Famous People, Date unknown. Web. 27 July 2015; Romano, David. "An Outline of Kurdish Islamist Groups in Iraq." The Jamestown Foundation, September 2007. Web. 27 July 2015.</ref> | |||
| The 1991 Iraqi uprisings led to the establishment of the ]. The ] was formed as its governing body, and the Peshmerga, which was a ] group, became the official armed forces. The IMK was not included in the KRG. Despite also being a Peshmerga unit, the IMK-Peshmerga was not a part of the new Peshmerga under the KRG. Regardless, the IMK continued to control ]. In 1992, the IMK-Peshmerga began infiltrating PUK territory in ], and the PUK-Peshmerga captured ] in December 1993, and detained Osman Abdulaziz and forced most IMK members into exile in Iran.<ref>Romano, David. "An Outline of Kurdish Islamist Groups in Iraq." The Jamestown Foundation, September 2007. Web. 27 July 2015.</ref> | |||
| In 1994, the ] had began, between the KDP and PUK. In 1996, the PUK returned the Halabja Governorate to the IMK. This began the ], which was a part of the Kurdistan Region, although it was not governed by the KRG.<ref>Naylor, Hugh. "Iraq's Islamist Kurds under fire from both sides of the war." 22 Sept. 2014. Web. 28 July 2015.; Romano, David. "An Outline of Kurdish Islamist Groups in Iraq." The Jamestown Foundation, September 2007. Web. 27 July 2015.; "Iraq: Human Rights Abuses In Iraqi Kurdistan Since 1991." New York: Amnesty International USA, 1995: 98-130</ref> The Islamic Emirate had its own governing ], law enforcement, schools, and military, which was the IMK-Peshmerga. Its status was that of an autonomous region within an autonomous region.<ref>"Iraqi Report: June 11, 2004." Radio Free Europe 7(21), 11 June 2004. Web. 28 July 22015.; Naylor, Hugh. "Iraq's Islamist Kurds under fire from both sides of the war." 22 Sept. 2014. Web. 28 July 2015.; "Iraq: Human Rights Abuses In Iraqi Kurdistan Since 1991." New York: Amnesty International USA, 1995: 20; "Prominent Iraqi Islamic Groups." Islamopedia, Date unknown. Web. July 28 2015.; c.f. Kakei, Saed. "The Islamic Movement of Kurdistan: From conflict to cooperation." EKurd Daily, 25 March 2013. Web. 28 July 2015.</ref> | |||
| In 1997, the IMK and PUK agreed to a truce, in which the IMK officially joined the KRG in 1998 and was allowed to partake in elections, with the IMK-Peshmerga becoming a part of the Peshmerga.<ref>Romano, David. "An Outline of Kurdish Islamist Groups in Iraq." The Jamestown Foundation, September 2007, pg. 9-10.</ref> The IMK began receiving funds from Saudi Arabia and the United States.<ref>Romano, David. "An Outline of Kurdish Islamist Groups in Iraq." The Jamestown Foundation, September 2007. Web. 27 July 2015.</ref> Many IMK-Peshmerga renounced their allegiance to the IMK and formed new groups. The groups included the Islamic Resistance Movement led by Hassan Sofi, who was assassinated by the IMK-Peshmerga in 1998. The ], which was the most powerful unit of the IMK-Peshmerga, under the command of Aso Hawleri, also became a separate unit. Other groups included the Tawhid Islamic Front led by Abu Bakr Hawleri, Islah led by ] and the KJG led by ]. The new groups took control of the Islamic Emirate of Kurdistan and agreed on Mullah Krekar as the leader. The Islamic Emirate ended after ] in 2003.<ref>16 "Iraqi Report: June 11, 2004." Radio Free Europe 7(21), 11 June 2004. Web. 28 July 22015.; Romano, David. "An Outline of Kurdish Islamist Groups in Iraq." The Jamestown Foundation, September 2007. Web. 27 July 2015.; "Profile: Kurdish Islamist movement." BBC News, 13 Jan. 2003. Web. 27 July 2015.</ref> Despite the IMK-Peshmerga being rebranded as an official Peshmerga wing, the United States pressured the KRG to formally disband the IMK-Peshmerga in 2003. Afterwards, the IMK was presented as a strictly political organisation.<ref>Van Wilgenburg, Vladimir. "Islamic State Threatens Kurdish Clerics." Medium, 8 Feb. 2015. Web. 28 July 2015</ref> | |||
| == References == | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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