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Jagaddhatri / Jagadhatri
2006 Jagaddhatri Puja, Ranchi
Affiliation	Mahadevi, Parvati, Durga, Jagaddhatri, Mahadurga
Mantra	ॐ महादेव्यै बिद्महे, सिंहवाहिन्यै धीमहि, तन्नो देवी प्रचोदयात॥
Weapon	Chakram, Bow, Arrow, conch
Color	Red and green
Mount	Lion
Consort	Shiva

Jagatdhatri or Jagaddhatri (transl. Bearer of the World) is an aspect of the Hindu goddess Durga, worshipped in the Indian state of West Bengal and other states like Odisha and Jharkhand. Maa Jagadhatri, the Goddess who is revered as the protector of the world. The Jagadhatri Puja and Mela at Bhanjpur Jagadhatri Podia is the biggest festival in Baripada, Odisha. Jagaddhatri Puja is particularly famous at Chandannagar and Rishra in Hooghly, Krishnanagar in Nadia and Ichhapur Nawabgunj in North 24 Parganas in West Bengal where it is celebrated as a five-day-long festival. Her worship and rituals are derived from Tantra. It is believed that her worship frees her devotees from ego and all other materialistic desires.

According to the Purans, Jagadhatri is the incarnation of Siddhidhatri. She is also said to be the combined form of Sri Bhuvaneshwari and Durga. In Bengal, her puja is celebrated as the comeback of Devi, specifically in Krishnanagar, Chandannagar, Rishra and Guptipara.

Legends

The legend of Jagaddhatri is inspired from a tale in the Kena Upanishad. In the Katyayani Tantra, the following legend is told. After the goddess Durga killed Mahishasura, the gods of Svarga forgot about her powers. So, in order to test them, Parvati appeared before the gods Agni, Vayu, Varuna, and Chandra, who considered themselves invincible and were engulfed by ahamkara (ego). She asked them to move a tiny blade of grass. Vayu failed to pluck it; Agni failed to burn it. Every god failed at the task. In the end, they understood that the Goddess is the source of all power in the universe; even theirs. The goddess appeared before them as Uma, riding on a lion. The goddess is equated with Brahman in the narrative. The goddess gave the ego of the gods the form of an elephant. Jagaddhatri is depicted sitting on a lion with an elephant under them. The elephant, symbolizing ahamkara, lies under the paws of her vahana the lion, who symbolises courage, valour and the strength to overcome any challenges, including one's internal struggles with the Shada Ripus ("the six enemies").

Her dhyana mantra describes her weapons, vahana and her iconography. She is sitting atop a lion, wearing different jewelry, in her four hands Devi holds bow, arrow, chakra and Samkha. She is reddish like the rising sun and she is wearing a snake garland. Her reddish colour and weapons are the symbols of raja guna but this is not for destruction and going to war. Rather this is to keep the world focused on Ritam & Satyam.

In her stotram (Jagadhatri Strotram), she has been invoked as Adhara bhutah, Dhritirupah, Dhurandharah, Dhruvapadah, Shaktistah, Shaktirupah, Shaktacharpriyah, Shaktivigrahe. "You must believe in the Ishwara rupa. Do you know the meaning of Jagadhatri rupa? She is carrying the world. If she stops then the world will get destroyed" is said by Sri Ramakrishna.

She sustains the universe through her Yoga shakti. Naga/Sarpa is the symbol of Yoga & Upavitam is the symbol of Bramhin. Devi is yogini. She is using the world through her maha yoga shakti. The act of rescuing the world is her lila. It is said that she had killed the elephant demon, Kurandrasura. Its mention is not found in her dhyana mantra but in her idol an elephant is seen below her mount lion, who is none other than Kurandrasura.

History of worship

There are variations regarding the history of worship of the goddess in Bengal. The popular narrative states that the worship was begun by Maharaja Krishnachandra of Krishnanagar, Nadia. However, as per local history, the worship of goddess Jagatdhatri was first established by Chandrachur Tarkamani of Santipur who made an idol of the goddess at the behest of Raja Girishchandra. At the time only ghat puja was conducted at Krishnanagar, Nadia in Bengal. Idol worship of the goddess was initiated in the village of Bramhasason, which is located in Haripur in Santipur, Nadia. Furthermore, the Jaleshwara temple of Shantipur (1665) and Raghaveshwara Temple (1669) have the idol of the goddess inside the sanctum sanctorum as well as carved on the temple walls. So, her worship may have been known in Nadia long before Krishna Chandra.

At Krishnanagar, Raj Rajeshwary Jagatdhatri Puja is one of the oldest in Bengal. As per local history, Maharaja Krishnachandra was arrested by Nawab Siraj-ud-Dullah once for not paying taxes on time. He was released from prison during the day of Vijaya Dashami. Having missed the entire festivity of Durga Puja in his kingdom, Maharaja became extremely sad. Seeing her devotee sad, the ultimate mother, Goddess Jagaddhatri gave Maharaja a vision and the king commenced the ritual of Jagatdhatri Puja in his native place. The puja was performed by Raj Rajeshwary (Raj Mata in Bengali language) and before the start, a Jagatdhatri Puja was donated by Maharaja Krishna Chandra named Maa Jaleshwary at "Malopara Barowary". The worship of the goddess was later resumed by Sarada Devi, wife of Ramakrishna.

The Jagatdhatri puja of Bose family and Chatterjee family, Palpara and Bhavanipur, deserves a special mention in this regard. The puja of Bose family initially used to be held in their ancestral home in Murshidabad. Folklore has it that this puja was started in 1788. The puja was later shifted to its present location in Chandannagar, where many of the family members now live. The exact history of the deity is unknown, but family records date it back to 1640.In Chatterjee family this puja originates from 1700 in Srirampur which later was shifted to Chatterjee's official ancestral home in 1936 by Hari Mohan Chatterjee. For over 40 years it remained the centre of attraction during the festivities. After the demise of Hari Mohan Chatterjee the puja was continued by 3 generations by Shashanka Chatterjee, Nilanka Chatterjee (Son of Late Shashanka Chatterjee) and at present by Tirthanka Chatterjee and Ankita Chatterjee (children of Nilanka and Jayeeta Chatterjee).In 2023 the puja got shifted again for the 2nd time in 200 years to Bangalore, marking a historic shift to South of India. The Puja is continued by Chatterjees with all grandeur and tradition dating back centuries.

Researcher Mohit Roy has noted that Jagadhatri vigraha from Barisal is from the 8th Century. Currently, the vigraha is in the Ashutosh Museum (Kolkata). One must note that such Simha-Vahini vigrahas have been discovered plenty, particularly from western Bengal.

The first textual mention of Jagadhatri puja comes from Kalviveka of Smarta Shulapani, dated approximately from 1375 to 1460.Later Smartas "Brihaspati Raymukut" and "Srinatha Acharya Churamani" have mentioned the goddess in their work.

The time in which she is worshipped, Shukla Paksha of the pious month of Kartika, especially the Tithi of Navami, is very auspicious. In ancient times, it was known as Chandika Puja. According to Smritisagara and Mahamohopadhhaya Panchanan Tarkaratna, it is the day to worship Uma.

The oldest temple of the goddess is in Somra (Hooghly), also known as Mahavidya temple. It was established in 1621 CE. The worship of the goddess takes place in the Dekhuria village as well in Birbhum. Still older is the Jagadhatri puja of Baligram village (Jiaganj, Murshidabad), dated back to five hundred years ago. Bandyopadhyay family of Mirhat of Kalna are observing Jagadhatri puja for more than four hundred years. Jagadhatri puja is the main Puja of Dhatrigram, Baidyapur & Mirhat of Kalna. The 350-year-old Chandrapati family's kuladevi is Jagrata.

Festivities

Jagatdhatri Puja is very popular in Krishnanagar, Chandannagar, Tehatta, Rishra, Howrah, Bhadreswar, (Sutragarh-Santipur), Boinchi and Ashoknagar-Kalyangarh.

The beauty of the festival in Chandannagar is mainly due to the collaborative conception between the French and Bengalis. Remarkable feature remaining its procession, second largest in the world after Rio de Janeiro's, with its magnificent lightings.

The Jagadhatri puja of Krishnanagar is a visual and spiritual celebration to see. During this time the city adorns itself with lots of lights, flowers, pandals and the likes. Each year more than 5 lakh devotees come to Krishnanagar to be a part of this grandiose festival. There are about 150-175 clubs and barowaris which organise Jagadhatri puja in the city. The Jagadhatri puja of Krishnagar is a perfect blending of devotion, emotion and celebration. The most popular Jagadhatri puja is the "Burima" of "Chasa Para", which was started in 1772. This deity is called the Tirupathi of Krishnanagar. Each year the idol is embellished with 150 kg gold and 150 kg silver ornaments with more than 10 benarasis and jamdanis. Besides "Buri Maa", "Choto Maa" (the deity of Kathalpota Barowari), "Mejo Maa" (the deity of College Street Barowari) and "Jaleswari" (the idol of Malo para Barowari) are also very famous.

Jagadhatri Mela

After Ratha Yatra, Jagadhatri Mela at Bhanjpur Jagadhatri Podia, is the biggest mela of Baripada, Odisha. It is the festival of Maa Jagadhatri, Goddess of the whole world. There is an 8–15 day mela (carnival) also known as mini Bali Jatra named after Cuttack's Bali Jatra which takes place at Jagadhatri Mela Podia, Bhanjpur, near the Bhanjpur railway Station during the month of October–November. It is celebrated on Gosthastami. It is also referred to as another Durga Puja as it also starts on Asthami tithi and ends on Dashami tithi. The date of the puja is decided by the luni-solar Hindu calendar.

In 2012, the "Sarbajanin Maa Jagadhatri Puja" has been started from 21 November. But the mela continued from 26 November to 7 December (for the first time it was for such a long period of 13 days). As the puja was celebrating its Diamond Jubilee for completing 60 years.

In 2013, the "Sarbajanin Maa Jagadhatri Puja' was started on 11 November. But to commemorate the loss of Odisha, specifically Mayurbhanj district and Baripada due to Phailin and post Phailin flood, the Cultural Program and it's live telecast on Blue Sky was cancelled. Still. the "mela" was held from 14 to 25 November 2013.

Every year its main attraction is the Puja Torana (Pendal) and the Mela. The Pendal is decorated as a famous monument in 2011 it was a miniature of US Capitol Building, United States. This year, it is Lalitha Mahal, Mysore. From the year 2000 it has been a tradition to decorate the torana as a special infrastructure. Tajmahal, Agra; Victoria Memorial (India), Kolkata; Titanic Ship; Lotus Temple, New Delhi; Golden Temple, Punjab etc. were also mimicked in the previous years since 2000 to 2006. As a tribute to 26/11 Hotel Taj Mahal Palace & Tower, Mumbai attack victims, the torana of the year 2009 is a lookalike of that hotel. The pictures are shown here are the toranas decorated from 2007 to 2012 as the previous year's pictures are not available.

In literature

Goddess Jagatdhatri has been mentioned in many novels by Bengali authors, poets and novelists. Goddess Jagatdhatri figures in the historical fiction Anandamath written by Bengali novelist Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. It is the same literary work from which the national song of India Vande Mataram originates. In the novel, Kali, Durga, and Jagatdhatri are depicted as three aspects of 'Bharat Mata' (Mother India) – Jagatdhatri as the mother used to be, Kali as the mother now is, and Durga as the mother will be in future. The trio of goddesses are shown as the object of worship of a group of ascetics who form the protagonists of the story.

References

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2. "Jagadhatri Puja: Know about this avatar of the Mother Goddess". Times Now. 23 November 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2024. The term Jagadhatri literally means the one who holds the universe. Therefore, she is hailed as the Supreme power.
3. "A Glimpse Of The Spectacular Lighting In Chandannagar On The Occasion Of Jagadhatri Puja". ABP Live. 23 November 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2024. Jagadhatri Puja is joyously celebrated in West Bengal, particularly in Chandannagar in the Hoogly district, where the lighting and extravaganza steels the show.
4. Mewari, Neha (10 November 2024). "Jagaddhatri Puja 2024 Date, Time, Significance". Moneycontrol. Retrieved 12 December 2024. This puja is an integral part of the Bengali religious calendar and is especially prominent in areas like Hooghly, Kolkata, and various other parts of West Bengal.
5. Fell McDermott, Rachel. Revelry, Rivalry, and Longing for the Goddesses of Bengal: The Fortunes of Hindu Festivals. Columbia University Press.
6. Mukherjee, Oindrilla (1 November 2022). "Chandannagar, 'City of Lights' Shines for Jagadhatri Puja as Bengal Soaks in Festive Spirit". News18. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
7. "West Bengal: Jagadhatri Puja is in full swing in Chandannagar". ThePrint. 3 November 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
8. "Jagadhatri Puja 2019: All you need to know about the Mother Goddess". Times Now. 5 November 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
9. ^ Ghosh, Shreya (8 November 2024). "Jagaddhatri Puja 2024: From Date To Significance, Here's All You Need To Know About The Grand Festival". Curly Tales. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
10. "Jagadhatri Puja depicts Nari Sakti". The Statesman. 20 November 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
11. Majumder, Suparna (6 November 2024). "ইতিহাস থেকে জানা যায় এই পুজো শুরু হয় কৃষ্ণনগরে। রাজা কৃষ্ণচন্দ্র স্বপ্নাদেশ পেয়ে এই পুজো শুরু করেন।". Sangbad Pratidin (in Bengali). Retrieved 13 December 2024.
12. "Jagadhatri Puja 2022: There are different opinions about the history of Jagadhatri Puja. History says that the first puja started in a tree". Hindustan Times. Retrieved Nov 2, 2022.
13. ^ "Jagaddhatri Puja: Who started Jagaddhatri Puja in Bengal and where?". Zee News. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
14. Chowdhuri, Soumita (9 November 2021). "Jagadhatri Puja 2021: স্বপ্নাদেশে, কৃষ্ণনগরেই প্রথম জগদ্ধাত্রী পুজো শুরু করেন রাজা কৃষ্ণচন্দ্র! জানুন অজানা ইতিহাস". Aaj Tak (in Bengali). Kolkata. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
15. Goswami, Biswabrata (21 November 2023). "How `11 contribution transformed Malopara's Puja in Krishnagar". The Statesman. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
16. "The legends of Jagadhatri Puja". The Statesman.
17. "Overflowing with Ecstasy". The Statesman. 26 October 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
18. Mitra, Sritama (21 September 2024). "জগদ্ধাত্রী পুজো ২০২৪ এবার নভেম্বরের প্রথমের দিকেই, দেখে নিন তারিখ". Hindustan Times (in Bengali). Retrieved 13 December 2024.
19. "Jagadhatri Puja: Know how this avatar of the Mother Goddess came into being". Times Now. 23 November 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2024. The term Jagadhatri literally means the holder of the Universe, and therefore, she is believed to be the one who guards and shields every life on this planet. The festivities begin on the Saptami Tithi of the Kartik Shukla Paksha, but the main puja is held on the Navami Tithi.
20. "মূর্তি যেন আকাঁশছোয়া! রইল চন্দননগরের সবচেয়ে উঁচু ৫ টি প্রতিমার হদিস". Anandabazar Patrika (in Bengali). 7 November 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
21. Goswami, Tarun (17 November 2023). "Chandannagar alpana now an integral part of Jagadhatri Pujas". The Statesman. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
22. Paul, Satwik (11 December 2019). "Let there be light: Chandannagar's masters of illumination have brightened up festivals for years". Firstpost. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
23. "French connection: Jagaddhatri's homecoming to Chandernagore". Times of India. 9 November 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
24. "French connection: Jagatdhatri's homecoming to Chandernagore - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
25. Mitra, Sritama (4 November 2024). "জগদ্ধাত্রী পুজো ২০২৪র নবমী কবে? রইল তারিখ, চন্দননগর থেকে কৃষ্ণনগরের নামী পুজোর তালিকা একনজরে". Hindustan Times (in Bengali). Retrieved 13 December 2024.
26. Mitra, Sritama (8 November 2024). "নদিয়ার কৃষ্ণনগরের জগদ্ধাত্রী পুজোয় আলাদা আকর্ষণ 'বুড়িমা'। জগদ্ধাত্রী পূজায় কৃষ্ণনগরে বুড়িমার পুজোর অষ্টমী-নবমীর অঞ্জলি কখন? রইল বলিদানের সময়". Hindustan Times (in Bengali). Retrieved 13 December 2024.
27. Patra, Subhankar (6 November 2024). "১৭৭২ সালে শুরু হয় কৃষ্ণনগর চাষাপাড়ার বুড়িমার পুজো।". Sangbad Pratidin (in Bengali). Retrieved 13 December 2024.
28. Dey, Subhagata (9 November 2024). "কৃষ্ণনগরের বুড়িমার পুজোর নির্ঘণ্ট, চাষাপাড়া বারোয়ারি এবার ২৫২ তম বর্ষে রাখছে বিশেষ ব্যবস্থা। পুজোর দিন বেলা দশ'টা থেকে বিকেল চার'টে পর্যন্ত নির্দিষ্ট স্থান থেকেই ভোগ প্রসাদ বিতরণ করা হবে।". News18 (in Bengali). Retrieved 13 December 2024.
29. "'Dangerously Beautiful': Internet Mesmerised By West Bengal's Dhuno Purono Festival". News18. 23 November 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2024. Dhuno Porano is observed during the celebration of Jagadhhatri Puja where devotees perform the tradition with fire.
30. Banerjee, Sudeshna (16 November 2018). "Britain's only Jagaddhatri in London". The Telegraph. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
31. "Jagadhatri Puja and Mela, Bhanjpur on e-News Sites". Archived from the original on 2019-10-30. Retrieved 2012-11-23.
32. "শুধু আলো নয়, বনকাপাসির শোলার সাজেই অদ্বিতীয় চন্দননগরের জগদ্ধাত্রী". Anandabazar Patrika (in Bengali). 8 November 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
33. Gulati, Poorva (January 2021). "From Nation to Post Nation: The Making and Unmaking of National Consciousness in Bankim Chandra Chatterjee's Anandamath". Bodhi International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Science. ISSN 2456-5571.

Further reading

• McDermott, Rachel Fell (2011). Revelry, Rivalry, and Longing for the Goddesses of Bengal: The Fortunes of Hindu Festivals

External links

• How Chandannagar celebrates Jagadhatri Puja?: An article by Dr. Subhendu Prakash Chakrabarty Archived 2021-08-16 at the Wayback Machine

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