Revision as of 09:29, 18 December 2024 editVazulvonal of Stockholm (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users619 edits →Also sometimes included: ] '''Alfred Hermann Fried''' born by Hungarian parents and therefore born as hungarian citizenTags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit← Previous edit | Revision as of 09:32, 18 December 2024 edit undoVazulvonal of Stockholm (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users619 edits →Also sometimes includedTags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web editNext edit → | ||
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=== Also sometimes included === | === Also sometimes included === | ||
Following are included according to both etnicity and nationality at birth, due to ]: | |||
*1911 Peace: ]. Born in Austria by hungarian parents from ] and Budapest. | *1911 Peace: ]. Born in Austria by hungarian parents from ] and Budapest. | ||
* 1939, Chemistry: ], who was born in 1887 in ] in ] in the ] (part of Hungary until 1920)<ref name="TP">{{cite web |last=Földesi |first=Katalin |date=11 December 2018 |title=Magyar Nobel-díjasok – III. rész |trans-title=Hungarian Nobel laureates – part III |url=https://tudomanyplaza.hu/magyar-nobel-dijasok-iii-resz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019221134/https://tudomanyplaza.hu/magyar-nobel-dijasok-iii-resz/ |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=20 October 2022 |website=Tudománypláza |language=hu}}</ref> | * 1939, Chemistry: ], who was born in 1887 in ] in ] in the ] (part of Hungary until 1920)<ref name="TP">{{cite web |last=Földesi |first=Katalin |date=11 December 2018 |title=Magyar Nobel-díjasok – III. rész |trans-title=Hungarian Nobel laureates – part III |url=https://tudomanyplaza.hu/magyar-nobel-dijasok-iii-resz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019221134/https://tudomanyplaza.hu/magyar-nobel-dijasok-iii-resz/ |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=20 October 2022 |website=Tudománypláza |language=hu}}</ref> |
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The Nobel Prizes are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." In 1968, a sixth prize, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, was established.
Hungarians have won 15 Nobel Prizes since 1905. Eight were born in Budapest. Following is a complete list of the Nobel laureates of Hungary, as recognised by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
Laureates
Hungarians have received Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Economics – in all fields except Peace.
Year | Winner | Field | Contribution |
---|---|---|---|
1905 | Philipp Lenard | Physics | for his work on cathode rays |
1914 | Robert Bárány | Physiology or Medicine | for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus |
1925 | Richard Adolf Zsigmondy | Chemistry | for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry |
1937 | Albert Szent-Györgyi | Physiology or Medicine | for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to Vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid |
1943 | George de Hevesy | Chemistry | for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes |
1961 | Georg von Békésy | Physiology or Medicine | for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea |
1963 | Eugene Wigner | Physics | for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles |
1971 | Dennis Gabor | Physics | for his invention and development of the holographic method |
1986 | John Polanyi | Chemistry | for his contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes |
1994 | George Andrew Olah | Chemistry | for his contribution to carbocation chemistry |
1994 | John Harsanyi | Economics | for pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games |
2002 | Imre Kertész | Literature | for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history |
2004 | Avram Hershko (Hungarian spelling: Herskó) |
Chemistry | |
2023 | Katalin Karikó | Physiology or Medicine | for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 |
2023 | Ferenc Krausz | Physics | for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter |
Also sometimes included
Following are included according to both etnicity and nationality at birth, due to Hungarian nationality law:
- 1911 Peace: Alfred Hermann Fried. Born in Austria by hungarian parents from Szigetvár and Budapest.
- 1939, Chemistry: Leopold Ružička, who was born in 1887 in Vukovár in Syrmia County in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia (part of Hungary until 1920)
- 1976, Physiology or Medicine: Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, who was born in the United States to parents from the Kingdom of Hungary; his mother was Hungarian and his father Slovak.
- 1976, Economics: Milton Friedman, who was born in the United States to Hungarian parents from Beregszász, Bereg County, Kingdom of Hungary
- 1986, Peace: Elie Wiesel, who was born to Hungarian parents in 1928 in Sighet, Transylvania (until 1920 part of Hungary)
Unsuccessful nominees
Year(s) | Nominee | Field | Nominated by |
---|---|---|---|
1911, 1914, 1917 | Loránd Eötvös | Physics | Izidor Fröhlich [hu; de], Radó von Kövesligethy, Jenő Klupathy [hu], Philipp Lenard |
1901 | Vilmos Schulek [hu; de] | Physiology or Medicine | Lajos Thanhoffer [hu], Antal Genersich [hu] |
1901 | Endre Hőgyes [hu; de] | Physiology or Medicine | Frigyes Korányi, Antal Genersich [hu] |
1901 | Josef von Fodor | Physiology or Medicine | Endre Hőgyes [hu; de], Antal Genersich [hu] |
1901, 1931, 1937 | Sándor Korányi | Physiology or Medicine | Ottó Pertik [hu], Pál Hári [hu], Louis Nékám, Emil Grósz [hu], Zoltán Vámossy [hu], József Frigyesi [hu], István Tóth [hu], Géza Illyés [hu], László Kétly [hu], Tibor Verebélÿ [hu], Philipp Schwartz, Lajos Ádám [hu] |
1904 | István Apáthy | Physiology or Medicine | Willem Rommelaere |
1928, 1940 | Géza Mansfeld [hu] | Physiology or Medicine | László Rhorer [hu], István Rusznyák |
1943 | Ladislas J. Meduna | Physiology or Medicine | Jakob Klaesi |
1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 | Hans Selye | Physiology or Medicine | ... |
1950 | Miklós Jancsó [hu] | Physiology or Medicine | József Frigyesi [hu], Béla Issekutz [hu], Sándor Mozsonyi [hu] |
1901, 1902 | Ferenc Kemény | Literature | Imre Pauer [hu], Gusztáv Heinrich [hu] |
1925, 1926, 1927 | Ferenc Herczeg | Literature | Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences |
1935 | Dezső Szabó | Literature | Björn Collinder |
1936, 1937 | Cécile Tormay | Literature | János Hankiss [hu], Károly Pap [hu], János Horváth [hu], Jenő Pintér [hu], Fredrik Böök |
1965, 1966 | Gyula Illyés | Literature | John Lotz [hu] |
1965-1970 | George Popják | Chemistry | |
1967 | György Lukács | Literature | Erik Lindegren |
1969, 1970 | László Mécs [hu] | Literature | Watson Kirkconnell |
1970, 1971 | Sándor Weöres | Literature | Áron Kibédi Varga [hu] |
1911, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1932 | Albert Apponyi | Peace | 19 Professors of Law, Members of the Faculty of Law at the University of Pécs, Members of the Faculty of History and Philosophy at the University of Szeged, Members of the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Pécs, Members of the Faculty of Law at the University of Debrecen (József Tisza [hu]), The Hungarian Inter-Parliamentary Group (Albert Berzeviczy), The professors at the Faculty of Law at the Elisabeth University of Pécs, 3 professors at the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Pécs, Professors at the Faculty of History and Philosophy at the University of Szeged |
References
- "Hungary's Nobel Prize Winners". Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
- "Hungary's Nobel Prize Winners". Hungarian Academy of Sciences. 17 February 2016. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023" (PDF) (Press release). Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute. 2 October 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2023" (PDF) (Press release). Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 3 October 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ^ Földesi, Katalin (11 December 2018). "Magyar Nobel-díjasok – III. rész" [Hungarian Nobel laureates – part III]. Tudománypláza (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ "Hány magyar Nobel-díjasunk van?" [How many Hungarian Nobel laureates do we have?]. 24.hu (in Hungarian). 7 October 2021. Archived from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
- ^ "Magyar Nobel-díjasok" [Hungarian Nobel laureates]. Nemzeti Tudósképző Akadémia (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
- ^ Beck, Mihály (December 2001). "A magyar Nobel-díjasok" [The Hungarian Nobel laureates]. Magyar Tudomány (in Hungarian). 46 (12). Budapest: Akaprint: 1444–1452. ISSN 0025-0325. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ Beck, Mihály. "A Nobel-díj és a magyar Nobel-díjasok" [The Nobel Prize and Hungarian Nobel laureates] (PDF). Budapest Főváros XV. Kerület Rákospalota, Pestújhely, Újpalota Önkormányzata (in Hungarian). Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- "Loránd Eötvös". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- "V von Schulek". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- "Andreas Högyes". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- "Josef von Fodor". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- "Alexander von Korányi". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- "Stephan Apáthy". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
- "Geza Mansfeld". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- "Ladislas de Meduna". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- "Hans Selye". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- "Miklos Jancsó". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- "Franz Kemény". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- "Franz (Ferenc) Herczeg". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- "Dezsö Szabó". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- "Cecile Tormay". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- "Gyula Illyés". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- "Nomination%20archive%20-%20%20%20". NobelPrize.org. 1 April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
- "Georg Lukács". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- "László Mécs". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- "Sándor Weöres". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- "Count Albert Apponyi". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
Sources
- Binder, David (2013). Farewell, Illyria. Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press. ISBN 978-615-5225-74-1.
- Hoare, Marko Attila (2007). The History of Bosnia: From the Middle Ages to the Present Day. London, England: Saqi. ISBN 978-0-86356-953-1.
- Lampe, John R. (2000) . Yugoslavia as History: Twice There Was a Country (2nd ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-77401-7.
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Nobel Memorial Prize (not one of the original Nobel Prizes). |