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] and former ] classmates Eugene Shenk and Ollie Summerlin founded Pulse Techniques, Incorporated (Pultec) on February 1, 1953. The company, based in ], initially manufactured specialized equipment for professional audio engineers, such as adjustable power supplies for tube equipment and audio oscillators used for testing.<ref name="History">{{cite web|last=Williams|first=Mark|title=A Brief History of the Pultec Company|url=https://pulsetechniques.com/history/|website=Pulse Techniques|access-date=December 6, 2024}}</ref><ref name="Silverstein">{{cite web|last=Silverstein|first=David|title=How two guys in New Jersey created the most desirable equalizer: Pultec EQP-1A|url=https://audiohertz.com/2017/04/10/how-2-guys-in-new-jersey-created-the-most-desirable-equalizer-pultec-eqp-1a/|website=Audio Hertz|date=April 10, 2017|access-date=December 5, 2024}}</ref><ref name="SOSFeb2019">{{cite web|last=Robjohns|first=Hugh|title=Pulse Techniques EQP-1A|url=https://www.soundonsound.com/reviews/pulse-techniques-eqp-1a|website=Sound On Sound|date=February 2019|access-date=December 11, 2024}}</ref> ] and former ] classmates Eugene Shenk and Ollie Summerlin founded Pulse Techniques, Incorporated (Pultec) on February 1, 1953. The company, based in ], initially manufactured specialized equipment for professional audio engineers, such as adjustable power supplies for tube equipment and audio oscillators used for testing.<ref name="History">{{cite web|last=Williams|first=Mark|title=A Brief History of the Pultec Company|url=https://pulsetechniques.com/history/|website=Pulse Techniques|access-date=December 6, 2024}}</ref><ref name="Silverstein">{{cite web|last=Silverstein|first=David|title=How two guys in New Jersey created the most desirable equalizer: Pultec EQP-1A|url=https://audiohertz.com/2017/04/10/how-2-guys-in-new-jersey-created-the-most-desirable-equalizer-pultec-eqp-1a/|website=Audio Hertz|date=April 10, 2017|access-date=December 5, 2024}}</ref><ref name="SOSFeb2019">{{cite web|last=Robjohns|first=Hugh|title=Pulse Techniques EQP-1A|url=https://www.soundonsound.com/reviews/pulse-techniques-eqp-1a|website=Sound On Sound|date=February 2019|access-date=December 11, 2024}}</ref>


Clair D. Krepps, who had previously worked with Summerlin, both in the ], and at ], building the labels' first New York ] studio, had since become the chief engineer at ] in New York and was renting bench space in Pultec's shop. Krepps told Summerlin and Shenk that an equalizer designed for recording studio applications, unlike the lossy, noisy equalizers designed for the film industry available at the time, was needed. Krepps provided $250 ] and an MGM ] to Pultec to design and build such an EQ.<ref name="ChasingSound">{{cite book |last=Schmidt Horning |first=Susan |title=Chasing Sound: Technology, Culture & the Art of Studio Recording from Edison to the LP |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore, United States |date=2013 |page=114 |isbn=978-1-4214-1848-3 }}</ref><ref name="MusicRadar">{{cite web|title=The producer's guide to the Pultec EQP-1: "Its beauty lies in the the extraordinary character you get when you disobey what you’re told to do by the manual!"|url=https://www.musicradar.com/news/producers-guide-pultec-eqp-1a|website=Music Radar|date=16 March 2024|access-date=23 December 2024}}</ref> The resulting product, the Pultec EQP-1 Program Equalizer, was introduced in 1956. Clair D. Krepps, who had previously worked with Summerlin, both in the ], and at ], building the labels' first New York ] studio, had since become the chief engineer at ] in New York and was renting bench space in Pultec's shop. Krepps told Summerlin and Shenk that an equalizer designed for recording studio applications, unlike the lossy, noisy equalizers designed for the film industry available at the time, was needed. Krepps provided $250 ] and an MGM ] to Pultec to design and build such an EQ.<ref name="ChasingSound">{{cite book |last=Schmidt Horning |first=Susan |title=Chasing Sound: Technology, Culture & the Art of Studio Recording from Edison to the LP |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore, United States |date=2013 |page=114 |isbn=978-1-4214-1848-3 }}</ref><ref name="MusicRadar">{{cite web|title=The producer's guide to the Pultec EQP-1: "Its beauty lies in the extraordinary character you get when you disobey what you’re told to do by the manual!"|url=https://www.musicradar.com/news/producers-guide-pultec-eqp-1a|website=Music Radar|date=16 March 2024|access-date=23 December 2024}}</ref> The resulting product, the Pultec EQP-1 Program Equalizer, was introduced in 1956.


Pulse Techniques produced the EQP-1 and numerous variants for over 20 years. In 1981 Shenk wanted to retire but was unsuccessful in finding a buyer for the company, so he shut down the factory.<ref name=SOSFeb2019/> After closing, he was contacted by the ] recording studio owner ], who wanted 24 EQP-1A3, which were produced in a final production run by Gene Shenk.<ref name=Silverstein/> Pulse Techniques produced the EQP-1 and numerous variants for over 20 years. In 1981 Shenk wanted to retire but was unsuccessful in finding a buyer for the company, so he shut down the factory.<ref name=SOSFeb2019/> After closing, he was contacted by the ] recording studio owner ], who wanted 24 EQP-1A3, which were produced in a final production run by Gene Shenk.<ref name=Silverstein/>

Latest revision as of 22:00, 23 December 2024

Audio equalizer

The Pultec EQP-1 Program Equalizer is an audio equalizer produced by Pulse Techniques (Pultec) beginning in 1956 with variants produced until 1981, and put back into production in 2000.

The EQP-1 and its variants were widely used in professional recording studios and established as a studio standard. It was inducted into the TECnology Hall of Fame in 2005.

History

Electronic engineers and former RCA Institute classmates Eugene Shenk and Ollie Summerlin founded Pulse Techniques, Incorporated (Pultec) on February 1, 1953. The company, based in Teaneck, New Jersey, initially manufactured specialized equipment for professional audio engineers, such as adjustable power supplies for tube equipment and audio oscillators used for testing.

Clair D. Krepps, who had previously worked with Summerlin, both in the Navy, and at Capitol Records, building the labels' first New York mastering studio, had since become the chief engineer at MGM Studios in New York and was renting bench space in Pultec's shop. Krepps told Summerlin and Shenk that an equalizer designed for recording studio applications, unlike the lossy, noisy equalizers designed for the film industry available at the time, was needed. Krepps provided $250 seed money and an MGM purchase order to Pultec to design and build such an EQ. The resulting product, the Pultec EQP-1 Program Equalizer, was introduced in 1956.

Pulse Techniques produced the EQP-1 and numerous variants for over 20 years. In 1981 Shenk wanted to retire but was unsuccessful in finding a buyer for the company, so he shut down the factory. After closing, he was contacted by the Power Station recording studio owner Tony Bongiovi, who wanted 24 EQP-1A3, which were produced in a final production run by Gene Shenk.

In 2000, Dr. Steve Jackson sought to build a completely accurate recreation of the original EQP-1, and contacted Shenk for guidance. After 10 years of painstaking development, Jackson established Pulse Techniques, LLC and resumed the manufacturing of the EQP-1A3 and other classic Pultec models.

Design

The EQP-1 is a passive equalizer with a tube amplifier stage that restores the gain lost from the passive EQ, making it practical for use in broadcast and recording.

Its low frequency section is a shelving EQ with three selectable frequency bands at 30, 60, and 100 Hz which can be simultaneously boosted or attennuated. Its high frequency section offers boosting at 3, 5, 8, 10, and 12 kHz, with a separate bandwidth control for altering the Q of the EQ curve from sharp to broad. In addition, it has a separate variable-attenuation 10 kHz low-pass filter.

The amplifier stage is fully-balanced and operates in a classic push‑pull arrangement. Its input section is built around a 12AX7/ECC83, while the output transformer is driven by a 12AU7/ECC82. Transformer distortion and some output loading effects are automatically compensated via negative feedback achieved by an extra secondary winding on the output transformer.

Models

EQP-1 (1956) - Pultec's original program equalizer, housed in a 3U rackmount chassis.

EQH-2 (1956) - Compact (2U) two-band (low shelf and high peak) version with different tube amp design and different EQ curves, which were later incorporated into the EQP-1A.

EQP-1A (1961) - The EQP-1 was replaced by the updated EQP-1A, which had added frequency selections. The new 1A model had added a 20 Hz boost and attenuation, a 16 kHz boost, and a 5, 10, and 20 kHz attenuation.

EQP-1S - like EQP-1, but with modified low-frequency boost/attenuation response curves, two additional peak boost frequencies, and two additional high-frequency shelf boost curves.

EQP-1A3 (1971) - Smaller (2U) version of EQP-1A with identical features and circuitry.

EQP-1A3SS - Solid-state version with discrete transistor-based electronics instead of vacuum tubes.

In use

The design of the EQP-1 makes it possible for a user to simultaneously boost and attenuate low end frequencies. While the owner's manual advises against doing this, in practice doing so has been discovered to be quite effective for tightening and defining the low end to sit nicely within a mix. This practice is often referred to as the "Pultec low-end trick" or the "Pultec trick."

The EQP-1 and its variants were widely adopted by professional recording studios, including Universal Recording Corporation, Capitol, RCA Victor, Abbey Road, Decca, Olympic, and others.

Legacy

Once out of production, original Pultecs became harder to find, with mint examples selling for $6,000 or more. Recognizing the market's need for an EQ with the Pultec's features, manufacturers introduced recreations and new versions. In 1985, Danish company Lydkraft launched the Tube-Tech brand with the PE 1A, a near-direct copy of the EQP-1A. In 1990, Manley Laboratories contacted Shenk to ask his permission to produce its own version of Pultec's classic EQ, resulting in the Manley Enhanced 'Pultec' Equalizer, whose compact 1U design features additional frequency bands, an upgraded Manley-designed power supply, and Manley line amps, and other enhancements. In 2010, Cartec introduced the EQP1A, its own recreation of the Pultec classic with modern components and utilizing transformers and inductors of the company's own design. Pultec-inspired EQs have been released by Warm Audio, Klark Teknik, WesAudio, Retro Instruments, and others.

Pultec's EQ has also been emulated by various software plug-ins, including the Apogee FX Rack, Avid's Pultec Bundle, iZotope's Ozone 8 Vintage EQ, Universal Audio's Pultec Passive EQ Collection, and Waves PuigTec EQs, named after engineer/producer Jack Joseph Puig's own original Pultec units.

References

  1. "TECnology Hall of Fame 2005". TEC Awards. 2005. Retrieved December 6, 2024.
  2. ^ Williams, Mark. "A Brief History of the Pultec Company". Pulse Techniques. Retrieved December 6, 2024.
  3. ^ Silverstein, David (April 10, 2017). "How two guys in New Jersey created the most desirable equalizer: Pultec EQP-1A". Audio Hertz. Retrieved December 5, 2024.
  4. ^ Robjohns, Hugh (February 2019). "Pulse Techniques EQP-1A". Sound On Sound. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
  5. ^ Schmidt Horning, Susan (2013). Chasing Sound: Technology, Culture & the Art of Studio Recording from Edison to the LP. Baltimore, United States: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-1-4214-1848-3.
  6. ^ "The producer's guide to the Pultec EQP-1: "Its beauty lies in the extraordinary character you get when you disobey what you're told to do by the manual!"". Music Radar. March 16, 2024. Retrieved December 23, 2024.
  7. Reilly, Bryan (November 2017). "The History Of Pultec And The Storied EQP-1 & EQP-1A". Vintage King. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
  8. ^ Reumers, Robin (August 29, 2018). "Demystifying the 'Magic" of the Pultec EQ". Abbey Road Institute. Retrieved December 5, 2024.
  9. Colic, Jamie (September 13, 2024). "The two famous Pultec EQ units are the EQP-1A Program Equaliser and MEQ-5 Mid band Equaliser". Mixdown. Retrieved December 6, 2024.
  10. "Pultec Price List" (PDF). technicalaudio.com. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
  11. "Historic Gear & Instruments". Abbey Road. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
  12. Massey, Howard (2015). The Great British Recording Studios. Lanham, Maryland, US: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-4584-2197-5.
  13. Shilling, George (June 2001). "Manley EQP1-A" (PDF). Studio Sound. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
  14. "1951 Pulse Techniques Pultec EQP-1 Program Equalizer". Mix. September 1, 2006. Retrieved December 5, 2024.
  15. Robjohns, Hugh (October 2010). "Cartec EQP1A". Sound On Sound. Retrieved December 6, 2024.
  16. ^ Fuston, Lynn (January 3, 2019). "Pultec EQ Shootout – with Sound Samples". Sweetwater. Retrieved December 5, 2024.
  17. Tubbs, Alan (May 2015). "Warm Audio EQP-WA". Sound On Sound. Retrieved December 6, 2024.
  18. Robjohns, Hugh (June 2014). "Wes Audio LC EQP". Sound On Sound. Retrieved December 6, 2024.
  19. Shanks, Will (April 2004). "Analog Obsession: The Pultec Family". Universal Audio. Retrieved December 5, 2024.
  20. Shaw, Dan (October 7, 2020). "The Pultec EQ: the humble hero of the studio". Happy. Retrieved December 5, 2024.
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