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{{Not to be confused with|Emperor of India}} {{Not to be confused with|Emperor of India}}
'''Emperor of Hindustan''' sometimes also translated as ''Emperor of India''<ref group="Note">Only during the period of ] in/after 16th century.</ref> was an ] used by the ]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Larned |first=Josephus Nelson |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RJE3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1706&dq=%22sultan+of+hindustan%22&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiK-Le9-buKAxWYka8BHQR5EDkQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=%22sultan%20of%20hindustan%22&f=false |title=History for Ready Reference: From the Best Historians, Biographers, and Specialists; Their Own Words in a Complete System of History ... |date=1895 |publisher=C.A. Nichols Company |language=en}}</ref> and the ]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hindustan) |first=Jahangir (Emperor of |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=T_QNAQAAMAAJ&q=%22emperor+of+hindustan%22&dq=%22emperor+of+hindustan%22&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi26aGM-ruKAxXQnK8BHSUkEA0Q6AF6BAgFEAM#%22emperor%20of%20hindustan%22 |title=The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India |date=1999 |publisher=Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery |isbn=978-0-19-512718-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-u9tAAAAMAAJ |title=Journal of Historical Research |date=1983 |publisher=Department of History, Ranchi University. |language=en}}</ref> to signify their ] over ] and later the ]. '''Emperor of Hindustan''' sometimes also translated as ''Emperor of India''<ref group="Note">Only during the period of ] in/after 16th century.</ref> was an ] used by the ]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Larned |first=Josephus Nelson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RJE3AQAAMAAJ&dq=%22sultan+of+hindustan%22&pg=PA1706 |title=History for Ready Reference: From the Best Historians, Biographers, and Specialists; Their Own Words in a Complete System of History ... |date=1895 |publisher=C.A. Nichols Company |language=en}}</ref> and the ]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hindustan) |first=Jahangir (Emperor of |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T_QNAQAAMAAJ&q=%22emperor+of+hindustan%22 |title=The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India |date=1999 |publisher=Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery |isbn=978-0-19-512718-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-u9tAAAAMAAJ |title=Journal of Historical Research |date=1983 |publisher=Department of History, Ranchi University. |language=en}}</ref> to signify their ] over ] and later the ].
], First independent ''Emperor of ].'']] ], First independent ''Emperor of ].'']]
], last ''Emperor of Hindustan'' before colonial rule.]] ], last ''Emperor of Hindustan'' before colonial rule.]]
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== History == == History ==
===Delhi Sultanate=== ===Delhi Sultanate===
After the ] gained independence from the ], it called its land ''Hindustan,'' representing its sovereignity over ] (] and the ]) and later the ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jackson |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC&pg=PA221&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History |date=2003-10-16 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-54329-3 |pages=86 |language=en}}</ref> After the ] gained independence from the ], it called its land ''Hindustan,'' representing its sovereignity over ] (] and the ]) and later the ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jackson |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC&pg=PA221 |title=The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History |date=2003-10-16 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-54329-3 |pages=86 |language=en}}</ref>


Scholar Bratindra Nath Mukherjee states that during the ], ] simultaneously represented ] as well as the entire ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Bratindra Nath |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=aBFuAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y |title=The Foreign Names of the Indian Subcontinent |date=1989 |publisher=Place Names Society of India |language=en}}</ref> Scholar Bratindra Nath Mukherjee states that during the ], ] simultaneously represented ] as well as the entire ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Bratindra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aBFuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Foreign Names of the Indian Subcontinent |date=1989 |publisher=Place Names Society of India |language=en}}</ref>


===Mughal Empire=== ===Mughal Empire===
The ] was succeeded by the ], which called its polity ''Hindustan.'' By this period, ] had come to mean the entirety of the ] rather than only ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vanina |first=Evgenii͡a I͡Urʹevna |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=yriGbWNAF5EC&pg=PA47&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Medieval Indian Mindscapes: Space, Time, Society, Man |date=2012 |publisher=Primus Books |isbn=978-93-80607-19-1 |language=en}}</ref> The ] was succeeded by the ], which called its polity ''Hindustan.'' By this period, ] had come to mean the entirety of the ] rather than only ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vanina |first=Evgenii͡a I͡Urʹevna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yriGbWNAF5EC&pg=PA47 |title=Medieval Indian Mindscapes: Space, Time, Society, Man |date=2012 |publisher=Primus Books |isbn=978-93-80607-19-1 |language=en}}</ref>


== Variations == == Variations ==

Revision as of 14:13, 24 December 2024

Not to be confused with Emperor of India.

Emperor of Hindustan sometimes also translated as Emperor of India was an imperial title used by the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire to signify their sovereignity over Northern India and later the Indian subcontinent.

Grave of Qutb al-Din Aibak, First independent Emperor of Hindustan.
Bahadur Shah Zafar, last Emperor of Hindustan before colonial rule.

The term was simultaneously used for Northern India and the Indian subcontinent during the Medieval period.

During the rule of the Mughal Empire in the 16th century, the term was equivalent to Emperor of India, many sources also translate Emperor of Hindustan to Emperor of India.

History

Delhi Sultanate

After the Delhi Sultanate gained independence from the Ghurid Empire, it called its land Hindustan, representing its sovereignity over Northern India (Punjab and the Indo-Gangetic plains) and later the Indian subcontinent.

Scholar Bratindra Nath Mukherjee states that during the Delhi Sultanate, Hindustan simultaneously represented Northern India as well as the entire Indian subcontinent.

Mughal Empire

The Delhi Sultanate was succeeded by the Mughal Empire, which called its polity Hindustan. By this period, Hindustan had come to mean the entirety of the Indian subcontinent rather than only Northern India.

Variations

The title Emperor of India was also used for the Mughal Emperors in some translated sources, a term later used by British monarchs.

Other variations were also used:

Sultan of Al-Hind (Salṭan-i-al-Hindīyyah)

Sultanate of Hindustan (Salṭan-i-Hindūstan)

See also

References and Notes

  1. Only during the period of Mughal Empire in/after 16th century.
  1. Larned, Josephus Nelson (1895). History for Ready Reference: From the Best Historians, Biographers, and Specialists; Their Own Words in a Complete System of History ... C.A. Nichols Company.
  2. Hindustan), Jahangir (Emperor of (1999). The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery. ISBN 978-0-19-512718-8.
  3. Journal of Historical Research. Department of History, Ranchi University. 1983.
  4. Jackson, Peter (2003-10-16). The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History. Cambridge University Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-521-54329-3.
  5. Mukherjee, Bratindra Nath (1989). The Foreign Names of the Indian Subcontinent. Place Names Society of India.
  6. Vanina, Evgenii͡a I͡Urʹevna (2012). Medieval Indian Mindscapes: Space, Time, Society, Man. Primus Books. ISBN 978-93-80607-19-1.
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