| Revision as of 14:10, 24 December 2024 editJASpencer (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers82,255 edits ←Redirected page to Trotskyism#FranceTag: New redirect | Revision as of 20:07, 24 December 2024 edit undoJASpencer (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers82,255 edits Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Misplaced Pages article at fr:Trotskisme en France; see its history for attribution.Tags: Removed redirect Disambiguation links addedNext edit → | ||
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| In **]**, several organizations identify with **]**. These groups vary in size, with memberships ranging from a few dozen to several thousand activists. | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| == History == | |||
| === Beginnings: 1929–1940 === | |||
| In **1929**, **]** was expelled from the **]** by order of **]**. Internationally, those who supported Trotsky's political views and his **]** were expelled from the **]** aligned with the **]**, which had come under Stalinist control. These initial "Trotskyists" (a term initially used by their adversaries) organized themselves nationally and internationally despite significant challenges. | |||
| In France, under Trotsky’s guidance, the **]** was founded in **April 1930** by **]**, **]**, **]**, **]**, and **]**. Its members, all part of the **] (PCF)**, operated as a clandestine faction within the party and disseminated their ideas through the journal *]*. | |||
| By **1934**, the French Trotskyists numbered fewer than forty members. Following Trotsky’s advice, they joined the **] (SFIO)** to influence the party's political direction, particularly after the SFIO adopted a united front strategy with the Communist Party. However, this effort ended when the SFIO adopted the **]** strategy at its **1935 Mulhouse Congress**, leading to the expulsion of the Trotskyists. | |||
| Subsequent years saw internal divisions and the creation of several groups: | |||
| * **Party of Revolutionary Workers (POR)**, led by **Naville** and **Rosenthal**. | |||
| * **Revolutionary Action Groups (GAR)**, founded by **Molinier** and **Frank**. | |||
| * **Revolutionary Socialist Youth (JSR)**, created by **Yvan Craipeau**, **Fred Zeller**, and others. | |||
| By **1938**, the French Trotskyists unified into the **International Workers' Party (POI)**, which represented the French section of the newly established **]**. Internal schisms, however, persisted. | |||
| === World War II: 1940–1945 === | |||
| During **World War II**, French Trotskyists faced difficult choices: whether to engage in **]** or **]** into collaborationist movements to conduct propaganda among German soldiers. Notable figures like **]** endured Nazi deportation and later documented the concentration camp experience. | |||
| The war also saw Trotskyist activities in the **Free French** and clandestine efforts. These years were marked by the assassination of **Trotsky** in **1940**, leaving the Fourth International in disarray. | |||
| === Postwar Period: 1945–1968 === | |||
| The postwar years saw the unification of French Trotskyists into the **Internationalist Communist Party (PCI)**, though this unity was short-lived due to internal ideological divisions. By **1952**, a major split occurred between the **"Pabloist"** and **"Lambertist"** factions, reflecting broader international divisions within the Fourth International. | |||
| During the **Algerian War of Independence**, French Trotskyists played an active role. The **Pabloists** supported the **]**, providing material aid and political advocacy. Conversely, the **Lambertists** aligned with the **]**. | |||
| === May 1968 and Beyond === | |||
| The events of **May 1968** revitalized Trotskyist movements in France, with the emergence of the **] (LCR)** and the growth of **] (LO)**. These groups, along with other smaller factions, gained electoral and political visibility in the decades following. | |||
| == Trotskyism in Contemporary France == | |||
| Trotskyist movements continue to influence French politics, particularly through electoral campaigns and activism in social movements. While the broader left has fragmented, organizations like **Lutte Ouvrière**, the **]**, and smaller groups like **Revolution Permanente** maintain the legacy of Trotskyist thought in the 21st century. | |||
| === Prominent Organizations === | |||
| * **Lutte Ouvrière (LO)**: Known for its electoral campaigns led by **]** and **]**. | |||
| * **New Anticapitalist Party (NPA)**: Formed from the LCR, it continues to advocate for radical leftist policies. | |||
| * **Revolution Permanente**: A newer party emphasizing contemporary issues like anti-racism and workers’ struggles. | |||
| Trotskyist organizations in France collectively gather a notable percentage of votes during elections, reflecting their sustained influence on French political life. | |||
| === References === | |||
| * Barcia, Robert. ''La Véritable Histoire de Lutte ouvrière''. Denoël, 2003. | |||
| * Bensaïd, Daniel. ''Les Trotskysmes''. PUF, 2001. | |||
| * Charpier, Frédéric. ''Histoire de l’extrême gauche trotskiste de 1929 à nos jours''. Éditions 1, 2002. | |||
| * Nick, Christophe. ''Les Trotskistes''. Fayard, 2002. | |||
| === See Also === | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ⚫ | * ] | ||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 20:07, 24 December 2024
In **France**, several organizations identify with **Trotskyism**. These groups vary in size, with memberships ranging from a few dozen to several thousand activists.
History
Beginnings: 1929–1940
In **1929**, **Leon Trotsky** was expelled from the **USSR** by order of **Joseph Stalin**. Internationally, those who supported Trotsky's political views and his **Left Opposition** were expelled from the **Communist parties** aligned with the **Third International**, which had come under Stalinist control. These initial "Trotskyists" (a term initially used by their adversaries) organized themselves nationally and internationally despite significant challenges.
In France, under Trotsky’s guidance, the **Communist League** was founded in **April 1930** by **Alfred Rosmer**, **Pierre Naville**, **Gérard Rosenthal**, **Pierre Frank**, and **Raymond Molinier**. Its members, all part of the **French Communist Party (PCF)**, operated as a clandestine faction within the party and disseminated their ideas through the journal *La Vérité*.
By **1934**, the French Trotskyists numbered fewer than forty members. Following Trotsky’s advice, they joined the **French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO)** to influence the party's political direction, particularly after the SFIO adopted a united front strategy with the Communist Party. However, this effort ended when the SFIO adopted the **Popular Front** strategy at its **1935 Mulhouse Congress**, leading to the expulsion of the Trotskyists.
Subsequent years saw internal divisions and the creation of several groups:
- **Party of Revolutionary Workers (POR)**, led by **Naville** and **Rosenthal**.
- **Revolutionary Action Groups (GAR)**, founded by **Molinier** and **Frank**.
- **Revolutionary Socialist Youth (JSR)**, created by **Yvan Craipeau**, **Fred Zeller**, and others.
By **1938**, the French Trotskyists unified into the **International Workers' Party (POI)**, which represented the French section of the newly established **Fourth International**. Internal schisms, however, persisted.
World War II: 1940–1945
During **World War II**, French Trotskyists faced difficult choices: whether to engage in **resistance** or **entryism** into collaborationist movements to conduct propaganda among German soldiers. Notable figures like **David Rousset** endured Nazi deportation and later documented the concentration camp experience.
The war also saw Trotskyist activities in the **Free French** and clandestine efforts. These years were marked by the assassination of **Trotsky** in **1940**, leaving the Fourth International in disarray.
Postwar Period: 1945–1968
The postwar years saw the unification of French Trotskyists into the **Internationalist Communist Party (PCI)**, though this unity was short-lived due to internal ideological divisions. By **1952**, a major split occurred between the **"Pabloist"** and **"Lambertist"** factions, reflecting broader international divisions within the Fourth International.
During the **Algerian War of Independence**, French Trotskyists played an active role. The **Pabloists** supported the **FLN**, providing material aid and political advocacy. Conversely, the **Lambertists** aligned with the **MNA**.
May 1968 and Beyond
The events of **May 1968** revitalized Trotskyist movements in France, with the emergence of the **Revolutionary Communist League (LCR)** and the growth of **Lutte Ouvrière (LO)**. These groups, along with other smaller factions, gained electoral and political visibility in the decades following.
Trotskyism in Contemporary France
Trotskyist movements continue to influence French politics, particularly through electoral campaigns and activism in social movements. While the broader left has fragmented, organizations like **Lutte Ouvrière**, the **NPA**, and smaller groups like **Revolution Permanente** maintain the legacy of Trotskyist thought in the 21st century.
Prominent Organizations
- **Lutte Ouvrière (LO)**: Known for its electoral campaigns led by **Arlette Laguiller** and **Nathalie Arthaud**.
- **New Anticapitalist Party (NPA)**: Formed from the LCR, it continues to advocate for radical leftist policies.
- **Revolution Permanente**: A newer party emphasizing contemporary issues like anti-racism and workers’ struggles.
Trotskyist organizations in France collectively gather a notable percentage of votes during elections, reflecting their sustained influence on French political life.
References
- Barcia, Robert. La Véritable Histoire de Lutte ouvrière. Denoël, 2003.
- Bensaïd, Daniel. Les Trotskysmes. PUF, 2001.
- Charpier, Frédéric. Histoire de l’extrême gauche trotskiste de 1929 à nos jours. Éditions 1, 2002.
- Nick, Christophe. Les Trotskistes. Fayard, 2002.