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{{Infobox military conflict |
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#REDIRECT ] |
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| conflict = Sack of Harar |
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| partof = Harar campaign(1559) |
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{{Rcat shell| |
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| date = {{start date and age|1559|df=y}} |
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{{R with history}} |
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| place = ], ] |
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| result = *Ethiopian victory<ref>Abir, Mordechai. Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2013, p.137</ref> |
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* Ethiopians capture and sack the city<ref>Baynes-Rock, Marcus. Among the Bone Eaters: Encounters with Hyenas in Harar. United States: Penn State University Press, 2015, pp.14-15</ref><ref>Abir, Mordechai. Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2013, p.137</ref> |
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*End of the ]<ref>Trimingham, J. Spencer. Islam in Ethiopia. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2013, p.92</ref> |
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| combatant1 = {{flag|Ethiopian Empire|old}} |
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| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Adal Sultanate.svg}} ] |
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| commander1 = ''Abeto'' Hamalmal |
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| commander2 = ]{{KIA}}<ref>Pankhurst, Richard. An introduction to the economic history of Ethiopia, from early times to 1800. London: Lalibela House, 1961, p.79</ref> |
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| strength1 = Unknown |
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| strength2 = Unknown |
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| casualties1 = Minimal |
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| casualties2 = Very heavy<ref>Abir, Mordechai. Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2013, p.137</ref> |
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The '''Sack of Harar in 1559''' was the capture and sack of the city of ], capital of the ], by the army of the ] under the leadership of ''Abeto'' Hamalmal. The Sultan ] was forced to flee the capital and was eventually killed by the victorious Hamalmal,<ref>Hassen, Mohammed. The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia: 1300-1700. United Kingdom: James Currey, 2015, p.179</ref> marking the end of the ].<ref>Trimingham, J. Spencer. Islam in Ethiopia. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2013, p.92</ref>The 1559 sack of Harar was the second devastation of the city by the Ethiopians who sacked it earlier in 1550 after routing an Adalite invasion of Dewaro.<ref>Trimingham, J. Spencer. Islam in Ethiopia. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2013, p.91</ref><ref>Abir, Mordechai. Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2013, p.134</ref> Concurrently, Imam ] and the Adal army, after having disregarded Hamalmal’s advance into Harar for strategic reasons, continued their march into the Ethiopian highlands, where Emperor ] was eventually defeated and killed during the ]. <ref>Ibid. p.134</ref> |
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==Aftermath== |
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The Ethiopians' devastation of the city and massacre of its population heavily damaged its defenses and left it vulnerable to the advancing Baraytuma clan of the Oromo whose subsequent raids devastated the sultanate's territories further.<ref>Abir, Mordechai. Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2013, p.137</ref> The death of the sultan ] marked the final disappearance of the ] and the end of its centuries-long conflict with the ].<ref>Trimingham, J. Spencer. Islam in Ethiopia. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2013, p.92</ref> The city of Harar recovered under Nur ibn Mujahid, who reinforced its defences with a robust system of walls encircling the city, and as a result Harar would enjoy a new period of sustained prosperity through its participation in the ] trade. <ref> Mordechai Abir · 2013, p.137</ref> |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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The Ethiopians' devastation of the city and massacre of its population heavily damaged its defenses and left it vulnerable to the advancing Baraytuma clan of the Oromo whose subsequent raids devastated the sultanate's territories further. The death of the sultan Barakat ibn Umar Din marked the final disappearance of the Walashma Dynasty and the end of its centuries-long conflict with the Solomonic Dynasty. The city of Harar recovered under Nur ibn Mujahid, who reinforced its defences with a robust system of walls encircling the city, and as a result Harar would enjoy a new period of sustained prosperity through its participation in the Red Sea trade.
Ethiopian Empire
Adal Sultanate