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Revision as of 20:51, 24 December 2024 editZemen (talk \| contribs)454 edits ←Created page with '{{Kurds}} '''Biji Kurdistan''' ({{langx\|ku\|بژی کوردستان\|Bijî Kurdistan}}, {{literal\|Long live Kurdistan}} or ''Viva Kurdistan'')<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Gunes \|first=Cengiz \|url=https://books.google.iq/books?id=OMB7pMf8TL4C&pg=PA111&dq=biji+kurdistan&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHiqfm-r-KAxXqSaQEHYOPEIUQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false \|title=The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey: From Protest to...'		Revision as of 20:54, 24 December 2024 edit undoZemen (talk \| contribs)454 edits -unrealible sourceNext edit →
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Kurds}}		{{Kurds}}
	'''Biji Kurdistan''' ({{langx\|ku\|بژی کوردستان\|Bijî Kurdistan}}, {{literal\|Long live Kurdistan}} or ''Viva Kurdistan'')<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Gunes \|first=Cengiz \|url=https://books.google.iq/books?id=OMB7pMf8TL4C&pg=PA111&dq=biji+kurdistan&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHiqfm-r-KAxXqSaQEHYOPEIUQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false \|title=The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey: From Protest to Resistance \|date=2013-01-11 \|publisher=Routledge \|isbn=978-1-136-58798-6 \|page=111 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|title=Bariş \|date=2005 \|publisher=Kūltūr Bāqānlığı \|page=120 \|language=ku}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.iq/books?id=DD0QugqaykcC&q=biji+kurdistan&dq=biji+kurdistan&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjG5YKk-L-KAxW4dqQEHYbLKao4ChDoAXoECAIQAw \|title=FBIS Daily Report: West Europe \|date=1990 \|publisher=The Service \|language=en}}</ref>~~<ref>{{cite~~ ~~news~~ ~~\|date=15~~ ~~September~~ 2024 \|title=اعتصاب گسترده مغازه‌داران در سنندج در پی فراخوان دومین سالگرد اعتراضات زن، زندگی، آزادی \|access-date=24 December 2024 \|language=fa \|agency=]~~}}</ref> is a popular slogan~~ expressing Kurdish patriotism and support for ]'s independence. The phrase is widely used in ] and cultural movements but is controversial in countries like ]<ref>{{cite news \|title=گزارش رخدادها − حمله به اراک، خروش تبریز \|url=https://www.radiozamaneh.com/738971/ \|access-date=24 December 2024 \|language=fa \|agency=]}}</ref> and ].		'''Biji Kurdistan''' ({{langx\|ku\|بژی کوردستان\|Bijî Kurdistan}}, {{literal\|Long live Kurdistan}} or ''Viva Kurdistan'')<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Gunes \|first=Cengiz \|url=https://books.google.iq/books?id=OMB7pMf8TL4C&pg=PA111&dq=biji+kurdistan&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHiqfm-r-KAxXqSaQEHYOPEIUQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false \|title=The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey: From Protest to Resistance \|date=2013-01-11 \|publisher=Routledge \|isbn=978-1-136-58798-6 \|page=111 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|title=Bariş \|date=2005 \|publisher=Kūltūr Bāqānlığı \|page=120 \|language=ku}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.iq/books?id=DD0QugqaykcC&q=biji+kurdistan&dq=biji+kurdistan&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjG5YKk-L-KAxW4dqQEHYbLKao4ChDoAXoECAIQAw \|title=FBIS Daily Report: West Europe \|date=1990 \|publisher=The Service \|language=en}}</ref> is a popular ] expressing Kurdish patriotism and support for ]'s independence. The phrase is widely used in ] and cultural movements but is controversial in countries like ]<ref>{{cite news \|title=گزارش رخدادها − حمله به اراک، خروش تبریز \|url=https://www.radiozamaneh.com/738971/ \|access-date=24 December 2024 \|language=fa \|agency=]}}</ref> and ].

	In Turkey, Its use has led to legal repercussions; in 2024, a Kurdish academic was detained for posting it online,<ref name="RudawDetain">{{cite news \|date=2024-03-11 \|title=Turkish police detain Kurdish academic for 'Long Live Kurdistan' social media posts \|url=https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/story/386141/Turkish-police-detain-Kurdish-academic-for-%27Long-Live-Kurdistan%27-social-media-posts \|access-date=2024-12-24 \|work=Kurdistan24}}</ref> and another was warned by a university for similar actions.<ref name="DuvarWarn">{{cite news \|date=2024-03-10 \|title=Academic warned by Turkish university for saying 'Long Live Kurdistan' on social media \|url=https://www.duvarenglish.com/academic-warned-by-turkish-university-for-saying-long-live-kurdistan-on-social-media-news-59415 \|access-date=2024-12-24 \|work=Duvar English}}</ref> Critics argue that criminalizing the slogan violates ] and stifles peaceful dialogue.<ref name="RudawDetain" /><ref name="DuvarWarn" />		In Turkey, Its use has led to legal repercussions; in 2024, a Kurdish academic was detained for posting it online,<ref name="RudawDetain">{{cite news \|date=2024-03-11 \|title=Turkish police detain Kurdish academic for 'Long Live Kurdistan' social media posts \|url=https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/story/386141/Turkish-police-detain-Kurdish-academic-for-%27Long-Live-Kurdistan%27-social-media-posts \|access-date=2024-12-24 \|work=Kurdistan24}}</ref> and another was warned by a university for similar actions.<ref name="DuvarWarn">{{cite news \|date=2024-03-10 \|title=Academic warned by Turkish university for saying 'Long Live Kurdistan' on social media \|url=https://www.duvarenglish.com/academic-warned-by-turkish-university-for-saying-long-live-kurdistan-on-social-media-news-59415 \|access-date=2024-12-24 \|work=Duvar English}}</ref> Critics argue that criminalizing the slogan violates ] and stifles peaceful dialogue.<ref name="RudawDetain" /><ref name="DuvarWarn" />

Revision as of 20:54, 24 December 2024

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v t e

Biji Kurdistan (Kurdish: بژی کوردستان, romanized: Bijî Kurdistan, lit. 'Long live Kurdistan' or Viva Kurdistan) is a popular slogan expressing Kurdish patriotism and support for Kurdistan's independence. The phrase is widely used in Kurdish nationalist and cultural movements but is controversial in countries like Iran and Turkey.

In Turkey, Its use has led to legal repercussions; in 2024, a Kurdish academic was detained for posting it online, and another was warned by a university for similar actions. Critics argue that criminalizing the slogan violates freedom of speech and stifles peaceful dialogue.

Usage and significance

"Biji Kurdistan" is chanted during political rallies, festivals, and activism, symbolizing Kurdish unity and resistance. It is prominent in diaspora activism, such as weekly vigils in abroad demanding freedom for Abdullah Öcalan. The phrase gained additional significance during celebrations of Kurdish resistance against the Islamic State in 2014.

References

Gunes, Cengiz (2013-01-11). The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey: From Protest to Resistance. Routledge. p. 111. ISBN 978-1-136-58798-6.
Bariş (in Kurdish). Kūltūr Bāqānlığı. 2005. p. 120.
FBIS Daily Report: West Europe. The Service. 1990.
"گزارش رخدادها − حمله به اراک، خروش تبریز" (in Persian). Radio Zamaneh. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
^ "Turkish police detain Kurdish academic for 'Long Live Kurdistan' social media posts". Kurdistan24. 2024-03-11. Retrieved 2024-12-24.
^ "Academic warned by Turkish university for saying 'Long Live Kurdistan' on social media". Duvar English. 2024-03-10. Retrieved 2024-12-24.
"Kurdish patriots from Darmstadt take over Freedom for Öcalan vigil in Strasbourg in its 545th week". ANF News. 2023-12-20. Retrieved 2024-12-24.
"Kurds unite in celebrations across the world". Rudaw. 2014-07-20. Retrieved 2024-12-24.

Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency

Timelines
- 1978–2015
- 2015–present
Map

Turkey

State	Government National Security Council Military Army Air Force Navy Gendarmerie Coast Guard Police MİT Village Guards
Deep state	Counter-Guerrilla Grey Wolves Turkish Revenge Brigade Susurluk scandal Ergenekon JİTEM

Kurdish groups

Insurgent	KCK PKK History People's Defence Forces (HPG) Free Women's Units (YJA-STAR) National Liberation Front of Kurdistan (ERNK) Liberation Forces OF Kurdistan (HRK) People's Liberation Army of Kurdistan (ARGK) Democratic People's Union of Kurdish (YDK) Democratic Society Coordination of Kurdistan (CDK) Free Women's Union of Kurdistan (YAJK) Workers' Women Party of Kurdistan (PJKK) Free Women Party (PJA) Free Women's Party of Kurdistan (PAJK) Women's Liberation Movement of Kurdistan (KJB) Freedom and Democracy Congress of Kurdistan (KADEK) People's Congress (Kongra-Gel) Confederation Community of Kurdistan (KKK) Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan (PŞK) Workers Vanguard Party of Kurdistan (PPKK) TAK KDP/N PJAK KKP Free Youth Movement of Kurdistan (TECAK) Marxist–Leninist Communist Party (MLKP) Patriotic Revolutionary Youth Movement (YDG-H) PIK HİK KH (Hüda-Par)
Allies	DHP TDP ASALA (until the late 1980s)
Political	HEP (1990–1993) DEP (1993–1994) HADEP (1994–2003) DEHAP (1997–2005) DTH (2005) DTP (2005–2009) BDP (2008–2014) HDP (2012–present) DBP (2014–present) DEM (2023–present)

The conflict

1974–1984	Political violence in Turkey (1976–1980) Maraş massacre 1980 Turkish coup d'état
1984–1999	1984 PKK attacks Karageçit August 1986 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq Ortabağ March 1987 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq Pınarcık massacre Yeşilova incident Battle of Şırnak 1992 Taşdelen attack Battle of Kulp Operation Northern Iraq May 24, 1993 PKK attack Başbağlar massacre Lice massacre Winter Campaign of 1994–1995 Operation Steel Operation Hawk Operation Tokat 1996 Tunceli bombing Siege of Varto Sazak assault Operation Hammer Operation Dawn Operation Murat 1999 Istanbul bombings Blue Market massacre
1999–2004	2000 Turkish Hezbollah crackdown
2004–2012	2005 Kuşadası minibus bombing 2007 Ankara bombing October 2007 clashes in Hakkâri December 2007 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq 2008 Diyarbakır bombing 2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq 2008 Istanbul bombings October 2008 Aktütün attack Reşadiye shooting 2010 İskenderun attack 2010 Hakkâri bus bombing 2010 Istanbul bombing August 2011 Turkey–Iraq cross-border raids 2011 Hakkâri attack Roboski massacre June–August 2012 Hakkari clashes 2012 Gaziantep bombing September 2012 Beytüşşebap attack
2015–present	2015 Siirt bombing Operation Martyr Yalçın 2015 Hakkari assault Siege of Silvan (2015) Şırnak clashes (2015–2016) Siege of Sur (2016) February 2016 Lice bombing February 2016 Ankara bombing March 2016 Ankara bombing March 2016 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq 2016 Bursa bombing May 2016 Dürümlü bombing May 2016 Diyarbakır bombing 2016 Cizre bombing 2016 Elazığ bombing Assassination of Deryan Aktert December 2016 Istanbul bombings 2017 Diyarbakır bombing Turkish airstrikes on Sinjar (2018) 2018 Siirt raid 2018 Gercüş bombing 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria 2020 İskenderun shootout Operation Claw-Eagle 2 Operation Claw-Lock Zakho resort attack 2022 Mersin attack Operation Claw-Sword 2023 Ankara bombing October 2023 Northeastern Syria clashes

Protests

Serhildan	1990 1991 1992 1999 2001 2005 2006 2008 2009 2011–2012 2014
Others	Mothers of Diyarbakır

Peace process
and peace efforts

Kurdish leaders

Insurgent	Abdullah Öcalan Murat Karayılan Cemîl Bayik Bahoz Erdal Mustafa Karasu Duran Kalkan Haji Ahmadi Osman Öcalan Mahsum Korkmaz Şemdin Sakık Nizamettin Taş Mazlum Doğan Muhammad Mustafa Hüseyin Velioğlu Celal Başkale İsmail Özden
Political	Ahmet Fehmi Işıklar Yaşar Kaya Leyla Zana Hatip Dicle Orhan Doğan Ahmet Türk Murat Bozlak Tuncer Bakırhan Aysel Tuğluk Selahattin Demirtaş Nurettin Demirtaş Ayla Akat Ata Gültan Kışanak Pervin Buldan Emine Ayna Sebahat Tuncel Kemal Burkay Fatma Kurtulan Osman Baydemir Sırrı Süreyya Önder

Turkish leaders

Military	Kenan Evren Tahsin Şahinkaya Bülend Ulusu Nurettin Ersin Necdet Üruğ Necip Torumtay Eşref Bitlis Doğan Güreş İsmail Hakkı Karadayı Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu Hilmi Özkök İbrahim Fırtına Faruk Cömert Yaşar Büyükanıt Aydoğan Babaoğlu İlker Başbuğ Işık Koşaner Erdal Ceylanoğlu Necdet Özel Hayri Kıvrıkoğlu
Political	Turgut Özal Süleyman Demirel Bülent Ecevit Ali Bozer Yıldırım Akbulut Mesut Yılmaz Erdal İnönü Tansu Çiller Mesut Yılmaz Necmettin Erbakan Ahmet Necdet Sezer Abdullah Gül Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Süleyman Soylu

Revision as of 20:51, 24 December 2024 editZemen (talk \| contribs)454 edits ←Created page with '{{Kurds}} '''Biji Kurdistan''' ({{langx\|ku\|بژی کوردستان\|Bijî Kurdistan}}, {{literal\|Long live Kurdistan}} or ''Viva Kurdistan'')<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Gunes \|first=Cengiz \|url=https://books.google.iq/books?id=OMB7pMf8TL4C&pg=PA111&dq=biji+kurdistan&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHiqfm-r-KAxXqSaQEHYOPEIUQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false \|title=The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey: From Protest to...'		Revision as of 20:54, 24 December 2024 edit undoZemen (talk \| contribs)454 edits -unrealible sourceNext edit →
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Kurds}}		{{Kurds}}
	'''Biji Kurdistan''' ({{langx\|ku\|بژی کوردستان\|Bijî Kurdistan}}, {{literal\|Long live Kurdistan}} or ''Viva Kurdistan'')<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Gunes \|first=Cengiz \|url=https://books.google.iq/books?id=OMB7pMf8TL4C&pg=PA111&dq=biji+kurdistan&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHiqfm-r-KAxXqSaQEHYOPEIUQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false \|title=The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey: From Protest to Resistance \|date=2013-01-11 \|publisher=Routledge \|isbn=978-1-136-58798-6 \|page=111 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|title=Bariş \|date=2005 \|publisher=Kūltūr Bāqānlığı \|page=120 \|language=ku}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.iq/books?id=DD0QugqaykcC&q=biji+kurdistan&dq=biji+kurdistan&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjG5YKk-L-KAxW4dqQEHYbLKao4ChDoAXoECAIQAw \|title=FBIS Daily Report: West Europe \|date=1990 \|publisher=The Service \|language=en}}</ref>~~<ref>{{cite~~ ~~news~~ ~~\|date=15~~ ~~September~~ 2024 \|title=اعتصاب گسترده مغازه‌داران در سنندج در پی فراخوان دومین سالگرد اعتراضات زن، زندگی، آزادی \|access-date=24 December 2024 \|language=fa \|agency=]~~}}</ref> is a popular slogan~~ expressing Kurdish patriotism and support for ]'s independence. The phrase is widely used in ] and cultural movements but is controversial in countries like ]<ref>{{cite news \|title=گزارش رخدادها − حمله به اراک، خروش تبریز \|url=https://www.radiozamaneh.com/738971/ \|access-date=24 December 2024 \|language=fa \|agency=]}}</ref> and ].		'''Biji Kurdistan''' ({{langx\|ku\|بژی کوردستان\|Bijî Kurdistan}}, {{literal\|Long live Kurdistan}} or ''Viva Kurdistan'')<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Gunes \|first=Cengiz \|url=https://books.google.iq/books?id=OMB7pMf8TL4C&pg=PA111&dq=biji+kurdistan&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHiqfm-r-KAxXqSaQEHYOPEIUQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false \|title=The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey: From Protest to Resistance \|date=2013-01-11 \|publisher=Routledge \|isbn=978-1-136-58798-6 \|page=111 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|title=Bariş \|date=2005 \|publisher=Kūltūr Bāqānlığı \|page=120 \|language=ku}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.iq/books?id=DD0QugqaykcC&q=biji+kurdistan&dq=biji+kurdistan&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjG5YKk-L-KAxW4dqQEHYbLKao4ChDoAXoECAIQAw \|title=FBIS Daily Report: West Europe \|date=1990 \|publisher=The Service \|language=en}}</ref> is a popular ] expressing Kurdish patriotism and support for ]'s independence. The phrase is widely used in ] and cultural movements but is controversial in countries like ]<ref>{{cite news \|title=گزارش رخدادها − حمله به اراک، خروش تبریز \|url=https://www.radiozamaneh.com/738971/ \|access-date=24 December 2024 \|language=fa \|agency=]}}</ref> and ].

	In Turkey, Its use has led to legal repercussions; in 2024, a Kurdish academic was detained for posting it online,<ref name="RudawDetain">{{cite news \|date=2024-03-11 \|title=Turkish police detain Kurdish academic for 'Long Live Kurdistan' social media posts \|url=https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/story/386141/Turkish-police-detain-Kurdish-academic-for-%27Long-Live-Kurdistan%27-social-media-posts \|access-date=2024-12-24 \|work=Kurdistan24}}</ref> and another was warned by a university for similar actions.<ref name="DuvarWarn">{{cite news \|date=2024-03-10 \|title=Academic warned by Turkish university for saying 'Long Live Kurdistan' on social media \|url=https://www.duvarenglish.com/academic-warned-by-turkish-university-for-saying-long-live-kurdistan-on-social-media-news-59415 \|access-date=2024-12-24 \|work=Duvar English}}</ref> Critics argue that criminalizing the slogan violates ] and stifles peaceful dialogue.<ref name="RudawDetain" /><ref name="DuvarWarn" />		In Turkey, Its use has led to legal repercussions; in 2024, a Kurdish academic was detained for posting it online,<ref name="RudawDetain">{{cite news \|date=2024-03-11 \|title=Turkish police detain Kurdish academic for 'Long Live Kurdistan' social media posts \|url=https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/story/386141/Turkish-police-detain-Kurdish-academic-for-%27Long-Live-Kurdistan%27-social-media-posts \|access-date=2024-12-24 \|work=Kurdistan24}}</ref> and another was warned by a university for similar actions.<ref name="DuvarWarn">{{cite news \|date=2024-03-10 \|title=Academic warned by Turkish university for saying 'Long Live Kurdistan' on social media \|url=https://www.duvarenglish.com/academic-warned-by-turkish-university-for-saying-long-live-kurdistan-on-social-media-news-59415 \|access-date=2024-12-24 \|work=Duvar English}}</ref> Critics argue that criminalizing the slogan violates ] and stifles peaceful dialogue.<ref name="RudawDetain" /><ref name="DuvarWarn" />

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