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Revision as of 17:49, 28 December 2024 editChris the speller (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers867,846 editsm →top: replaced: Wasit → Wasit, Zutts → ZuttsTag: AWB← Previous edit Revision as of 08:49, 30 December 2024 edit undoCitation bot (talk | contribs)Bots5,421,268 edits Altered url. URLs might have been anonymized. Added publisher. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Jay8g | #UCB_toolbarNext edit →
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| combatant2 = ] | combatant2 = ]
| commander1 = Unknown | commander1 = Unknown
| commander2 = ]<ref>{{cite book |last=Ṭabarī |title=The Reign of Al-Muʻtasim (833-842) |year=1951 |publisher=American Oriental Society |page=5 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_Reign_of_Al_Mu%CA%BBtasim_833_842.html?id=xMFhAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> | commander2 = ]<ref>{{cite book |last=Ṭabarī |title=The Reign of Al-Muʻtasim (833-842) |year=1951 |publisher=American Oriental Society |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xMFhAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>
| strength1 = 5,000 foot soldiers<ref>{{cite book |last=Ṭabarī |title=The Reign of Al-Muʻtasim (833-842) |year=1951 |publisher=American Oriental Society |page=5}}</ref> | strength1 = 5,000 foot soldiers<ref>{{cite book |last=Ṭabarī |title=The Reign of Al-Muʻtasim (833-842) |year=1951 |publisher=American Oriental Society |page=5}}</ref>
| strength2 = Unknown | strength2 = Unknown
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== Background == == Background ==
The Zutt were a ] tribe of lower ] (]) origin who migrated to Iraq and initially served as mercenaries under the ] and ]. Over time, they gained control over the marshlands between Wasit and Basra, using the region as a base for raids. Their rebellion escalated during the reign of ].<ref>{{cite book |author=al-Baladhuri |title=History of the Arab Invasions: The Conquest of the Lands |year=2022 |isbn=9780755637416 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/History_of_the_Arab_Invasions_The_Conque.html?id=cFxrzgEACAAJ&redir_esc=y}}</ref> The Zutt were a ] tribe of lower ] (]) origin who migrated to Iraq and initially served as mercenaries under the ] and ]. Over time, they gained control over the marshlands between Wasit and Basra, using the region as a base for raids. Their rebellion escalated during the reign of ].<ref>{{cite book |author=al-Baladhuri |title=History of the Arab Invasions: The Conquest of the Lands |year=2022 |isbn=9780755637416 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cFxrzgEACAAJ}}</ref>


== The Capture == == The Capture ==
In 834, the Zutt launched an offensive and captured the city of ], overpowering Abbasid defenses. They effectively controlled the surrounding marshes and fortified their position against Abbasid counterattacks. The Zutt exploited their knowledge of the terrain, using the marshes to ambush Abbasid forces.<ref>{{cite book |author=Ṭabarī |title=The Reign of Al-Muʻtasim (833-842) |publisher=American Oriental Society |year=1951 |page=5 |quote=Wasit he pitched his camp with five thousand foot soldiers in a village ... Zutt used to go back and forth and thus he surrounded them on all sides ... Zutt for fifteen days and captured a great many more. |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_Reign_of_Al_Mu%CA%BBtasim_833_842.html?id=pysbAAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Aḥmad ibn Yaḥyā al-Balādhurī |title=The Origins of the Islamic State |year=1916 |page=264 |url=https://www.google.gr/books/edition/The_Origins_of_the_Islamic_State/z5FCAAAAYAAJ?hl=el&gbpv=0&bsq=Zutt%20wasit%20history%20archive}}</ref> In 834, the Zutt launched an offensive and captured the city of ], overpowering Abbasid defenses. They effectively controlled the surrounding marshes and fortified their position against Abbasid counterattacks. The Zutt exploited their knowledge of the terrain, using the marshes to ambush Abbasid forces.<ref>{{cite book |author=Ṭabarī |title=The Reign of Al-Muʻtasim (833-842) |publisher=American Oriental Society |year=1951 |page=5 |quote=Wasit he pitched his camp with five thousand foot soldiers in a village ... Zutt used to go back and forth and thus he surrounded them on all sides ... Zutt for fifteen days and captured a great many more. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pysbAAAAIAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Aḥmad ibn Yaḥyā al-Balādhurī |title=The Origins of the Islamic State |year=1916 |page=264 |publisher=University of Oxford. Modern History Faculty Library |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z5FCAAAAYAAJ&q=Zutt%20wasit%20history%20archive}}</ref>


== Aftermath == == Aftermath ==
The capture of ] by the Zutts had significant long-term consequences for the region and the ]. After their victory, the Zutts established an independent rule in Wasit and the surrounding areas. The Abbasids, while initially caught off guard by the speed and effectiveness of the Zutt offensive, eventually responded with efforts to reclaim the lost territories.<ref>{{cite book |last=Redhouse |first=Sir James William |title=كتاب معانئ لهجه: A Turkish and English Lexicon : Shewing in English the Significations of the Turkish Terms |year=1884 |publisher=American Presbyterian Mission Press |page=1009 |url=https://www.google.gr/books/edition/Kitāb_i_Maʻānī_yi_Lehçe/W7xlYAScIY0C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=wasit+zutt&pg=PA1009&printsec=frontcover}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb |title=The Encyclopaedia of Islam |volume=11, Parts 181–182 |year=2001 |page=168 |url=https://www.google.gr/books/edition/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam/tuoeAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=zutt+wasit&dq=zutt+wasit&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> The capture of ] by the Zutts had significant long-term consequences for the region and the ]. After their victory, the Zutts established an independent rule in Wasit and the surrounding areas. The Abbasids, while initially caught off guard by the speed and effectiveness of the Zutt offensive, eventually responded with efforts to reclaim the lost territories.<ref>{{cite book |last=Redhouse |first=Sir James William |title=كتاب معانئ لهجه: A Turkish and English Lexicon : Shewing in English the Significations of the Turkish Terms |year=1884 |publisher=American Presbyterian Mission Press |page=1009 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W7xlYAScIY0C&dq=wasit+zutt&pg=PA1009}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb |title=The Encyclopaedia of Islam |volume=11, Parts 181–182 |year=2001 |page=168 |publisher=Brill |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuoeAAAAMAAJ&q=zutt+wasit}}</ref>


== References == == References ==

Revision as of 08:49, 30 December 2024

Early 9th-century capture of Wasit during the Zutt Rebellion
Capture of Wasit
Part of Zutt Rebellion
Date834 CE
LocationWasit, Abbasid Caliphate (modern-day Iraq)
Result

Zutt victory

  • Temporary Zutt control over Wasit
Belligerents
Zutts Abbasid Caliphate
Commanders and leaders
Unknown Al-Mu'tasim
Strength
5,000 foot soldiers Unknown
Casualties and losses
Unknown Heavy losses

The Capture of Wasit occurred in 834 CE when the Zutt seized the strategic city of Wasit in Iraq during their rebellion against the Abbasid Caliphate. The Zutt, originally from the Indus Valley region, had established dominance over the marshlands between Wasit and Basra.

Background

The Zutt were a Jat tribe of lower Indus Valley (Pakistan) origin who migrated to Iraq and initially served as mercenaries under the Umayyads and Abbasids. Over time, they gained control over the marshlands between Wasit and Basra, using the region as a base for raids. Their rebellion escalated during the reign of al-Ma'mun.

The Capture

In 834, the Zutt launched an offensive and captured the city of Wasit, overpowering Abbasid defenses. They effectively controlled the surrounding marshes and fortified their position against Abbasid counterattacks. The Zutt exploited their knowledge of the terrain, using the marshes to ambush Abbasid forces.

Aftermath

The capture of Wasit by the Zutts had significant long-term consequences for the region and the Abbasid Caliphate. After their victory, the Zutts established an independent rule in Wasit and the surrounding areas. The Abbasids, while initially caught off guard by the speed and effectiveness of the Zutt offensive, eventually responded with efforts to reclaim the lost territories.

References

  1. Ṭabarī (1951). The Reign of Al-Muʻtasim (833-842). American Oriental Society. p. 5.
  2. Ṭabarī (1951). The Reign of Al-Muʻtasim (833-842). American Oriental Society. p. 5.
  3. al-Baladhuri, Ahmad b. Yahya (2022). History of the Arab Invasions: The Conquest of the Lands. I.B. Tauris. p. 185. ISBN 9780755637416. Zutt, who had taken over the Marshes between Wāsīt and Basra, to Ayn Zarba and they were made use of there.
  4. E.J. van Donzel (1994). Islamic Desk Reference: Compiled from The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill. ISBN 9789004505056. Zutt, who had settled in the marshes between Wasit and Basra in great numbers, rose in rebellion during the reign of the Abbasid Caliph al-Ma'mun, but submitted in 834 on condition that their lives and property were spared.
  5. al-Baladhuri (2022). History of the Arab Invasions: The Conquest of the Lands. ISBN 9780755637416.
  6. Ṭabarī (1951). The Reign of Al-Muʻtasim (833-842). American Oriental Society. p. 5. Wasit he pitched his camp with five thousand foot soldiers in a village ... Zutt used to go back and forth and thus he surrounded them on all sides ... Zutt for fifteen days and captured a great many more.
  7. Aḥmad ibn Yaḥyā al-Balādhurī (1916). The Origins of the Islamic State. University of Oxford. Modern History Faculty Library. p. 264.
  8. Redhouse, Sir James William (1884). كتاب معانئ لهجه: A Turkish and English Lexicon : Shewing in English the Significations of the Turkish Terms. American Presbyterian Mission Press. p. 1009.
  9. Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb (2001). The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 11, Parts 181–182. Brill. p. 168.
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